Eesti sõduri murepäevad: territoriaalkorpus 1940-1941
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Estonian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
[Tallinn]
Ammukaar
[2015]
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | 240 Seiten Illustrationen 22 cm |
| ISBN: | 9789949386710 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1814344235184291840 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
SISUKORD
SISSEJUHATUS. Territoriaalkorpus Eesti ajaloos.7
1. BAASIDE AEG.12
Eesti söjavägi septembris 1939.12
NSV Liidu söjaväebaasid Eestis 1939-1940.28
Teine baaside leping.42
2. OKUPATSIOON.50
17. juuni. Punaarmee okupeerib Eesti Vabariigi.50
21. juuni. Raua tänava lahing.61
Eesti söjaväe lammutamine. 78
3. TERRITORIAALKORPUSE MOODUSTAMINE.92
Uue korpuse üksused, struktuur ja juhtkond.92
Isikkoosseisu kahanemine.111
Läti ja Leedu korpused.115
4. SOJA OOTEL.118
Korpuse tegevus.118
Eluolu.124
Eesti ohvitseride arreteerimine ja tapmine.127
5. KORPUS SÖDIB.140
Lahkumine kodumaalt.140
Lahingud Venemaal.149
Korpuse likivideerimine.186
6. VANGIPÖLV.199
Korpuse söjavangid Saksamaal.199
Korpuse mehed Venemaal tööpataljonides.216
Korpuse mehed aastail 1942-1945.225
Vahepalad:
Esimene. Väidetav 47 Eesti ohvitseri märgukiri.47
Teine. Korpuse relvastus.96
Kolmas. 1941. aasta juunis arreteeritud korpuse ohvitserid.133
Neljas. Söjavangistusest vabanenud korpuse ohvitsere.212
Summary.228
Kasutatud allikad.232
Summary
22nd Estonian Territorial Rifle Corps 1940-1945
The Republic of Estonia declared neutrality in the Second World
War but fell under the Soviet sphere of influence due to the Molo-
tov-Ribbentrop Pact and was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940.
Mass political arrests, deportations, and executions followed
On September 24,1939, with the fall of Poland to Nazi Germany
and the USSR imminent invasion and in light of the Polish subma-
rine Orzel incident, the Moscow press and radio started violently
attacking Estonia as "hostile" to the Soviet Union. Warships of the
Red Navy appeared off Estonian ports, and Soviet bombers began
a threatening patrol over Tallinn and the nearby countryside. Mos-
cow demanded that Estonia allow the USSR to establish military
bases and station 25,000 troops on Estonian soil for the duration of
the European war. The government of Estonia accepted the ultima-
tum signing the corresponding agreement on September 28, 1939.
The pact was made for ten years and Estonia granted the USSR the
right to maintain naval bases and airfields protected by Red Army
troops on the strategic islands dominating Tallinn, the Gulf of Fin-
land and the Gulf of Riga.
There is no consensus in Estonian society about the decisions
that the leadership of the Republic of Estonia made at that time.
In the summer of 1940 the Soviet occupation of Estonia was car-
ried through as a regular military operation. 160,000 men, support-
ed by 600 tanks were concentrated for the invasion into Estonia. 5
divisions of the Soviet Air Force with 1150 aircraft blockaded the
whole Baltic countries air space against Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia.
The Soviet Baltic Fleet blockaded the operation from the sea. The
Soviet NKVD was ordered to be ready for the reception of 58,000
prisoners of war.
On June 17, 1940, the Soviet Union invaded Estonia. The Red
Army exited from their military bases in Estonia; some 90,000 addi-
tional Soviet troops entered the country. Vyacheslav Molotov had
accused the Baltic states of conspiracy against the Soviet Union and
delivered an ultimatum to Estonia for the establishment of a gov-
ernment the Soviets approve of. The Estonian government decided
according to the Kellogg-Briand Pact not to use war as an instru-
ment of national policy, given the overwhelming Soviet force both
on the borders and inside the country - not to resist, to avoid blood-
shed and open war.
Estonia accepted the Soviet Union ultimatum and the statehood
of Estonia de facto ceased to exist. The militry occupation of the
Republic of Estonia was complete by June 21, 1940 and rendered
"official" by a communist coup d'etat supported by the Soviet
troops.
Most of the Estonian Defence Forces and the Estonian Defence
League surrendered according to the orders of the Estonian Gov-
ernment believing that resistance was useless. Defence League was
disarmed and Army units were thrown out from their barracks and
transformed into "People Army" by the new puppet communist
Government. Only the Estonian Independent Signal Battalion sta-
tioned in Tallinn at Raua Street showed resistance to Red Army,
along with a Communist militia on 21 June 1940. As the Red Army
brought in additional reinforcements supported by armoured fight-
ing vehicles, the battle lasted several hours until sundown. Finally
the military resistance was ended with negotiations and the Inde-
pendent Signal Battalion surrendered and was disarmed. There were
2 dead Estonian servicemen, Aleksei Mannikus and Johannes Man-
dre, and several wounded on the Estonian side and some casualties
on the militia side.
The Soviet Union annexed Estonia on August 6 and renamed the
Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic. The 1940 occupation and annex-
ation of Estonia into the Soviet Union was considered illegal and
never officially recognized by Great Britain, the United States and
other Western democracies. The annexation abrogated numerous
prior treaties entered into by the Soviet Union and its predecessor,
Soviet Russia.
The Soviet authorities, having gained control over Estonia, moved
rapidly to stamp out any potential opposition to their rule. Cleans-
ing started among officers and NCO-s. Between the end of June and
November 1, 206 officers were deleted from the army's personnel
list. Estonian army was reduced and transformed into the Red Army.
The Estonian navy was to be disbanded. During the first year of
Soviet occupation (1940-1941) over 300 Estonian military officers
were arrested. Most of them were executed in Russia or were moved
to prison camps in Russia, from where they starved to death and
very few were later able to return alive. On July 19,1940, the Com-
mander-in-chief of the Estonian Army General Johan Laidoner was
captured by the NKVD and deported together with his spouse to
Russia. Laidoner died in the Vladimir Prison Camp, Russia on March
13, 1953.
In September 1940, while the Estonian army was integrated into
the Soviet military structure, where in June 1940 there were 16,800
men, it was changed into the 22nd Territorial Rifle Corps (13,500
men). The Corps was formed according to Red Army structure and
consisted 180. Rifle Division, 182. Rifle Division, artillery and sup-
port units. The units of Corps were spread out across Estonian ter-
ritory, into old manor houses and other less important locations.
The Commander of Corps was general Gustav Jonson and Chief
of Staff Colonel Mart Tuisk.
In the beginning of June 1941 the 22nd Territorial Corps arrived
at summer camp near Petseri in southeastern Estonia. On 14 June
1941, about 230 Estonian officers serving in the 22nd Estonian Ter-
ritorial Corps of the Red Army were imprisoned there. Most of them
were sent to the Norilsk prison camp, where most of them either
died or were executed.
On 22 June 1941 the war between Germany and the Soviet Union
broke out. 22nd Estonian Territorial Corps units were assigned to
the 11th Army, moved from Estonia to Pskov area and participated
in battles against advance of Army Group „Nord" from July to Sep-
tember 1941. There were only 10,000 estonians in Corps and 19,000
new Soviet soldiers at that moment. Corps was crushed already in
heavy battles in Porkhov-Dno area at the beginning of July and
retreated to the east and were in defensive positions in Luga area,
units were in battles at Soltsy, Shelon River, Lovat River.
After three months of battles the 22nd Territorial Corps had lost
numerous men. At the end of September, when the corps was liqui-
dated, there were only 500 previous Estonian soldiers and another
500 estonians were in Soviet rear hospitals wounded in action. By
the higher command all estonians, latvians and some other soldiers
from "suspicious" nationalities were removed from regular forces
and employed in labour batallions.
By different calculations there were about 10,000 estonians in
22nd Territorial Corps at 22 June 1941. 1000 men stayed in Estonia,
500-1000 men were killed in action, and about 4500-5000 men were
taken prisoners of war or defected to the German side. These men
were placed to prisoner-of-war camps, from wich they were released
at the end on Year 1941 and beginning of 1942. A great deal of them
were recruited to the German army, some of them later to the Finn-
ish army.
Estonian soldiers who had survived hard winter in Soviet la-
bour batallions were recruited next year to the new 8th Rifle Corps
of the Red Army. |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Ojalo, Hanno 1961- Nõmm, Toe |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1045770655 |
| author_facet | Ojalo, Hanno 1961- Nõmm, Toe |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Ojalo, Hanno 1961- |
| author_variant | h o ho t n tn |
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| dewey-full | 947.98084 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 947 - Russia & east Europe |
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| dewey-search | 947.98084 |
| dewey-sort | 3947.98084 |
| dewey-tens | 940 - History of Europe |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1940-1941 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1940-1941 |
| format | Book |
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| spelling | Ojalo, Hanno 1961- Verfasser (DE-588)1045770655 aut Eesti sõduri murepäevad territoriaalkorpus 1940-1941 Hanno Ojalo, Toe Nõmm [Tallinn] Ammukaar [2015] 240 Seiten Illustrationen 22 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 1940-1941 gnd rswk-swf Besetzung (DE-588)4006020-2 gnd rswk-swf Estland (DE-588)4015587-0 gnd rswk-swf Estland (DE-588)4015587-0 g Besetzung (DE-588)4006020-2 s Geschichte 1940-1941 z DE-604 Nõmm, Toe aut B:DE-101 application/pdf http://d-nb.info/1080931104/04 Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029056796&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029056796&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Ojalo, Hanno 1961- Nõmm, Toe Eesti sõduri murepäevad territoriaalkorpus 1940-1941 Besetzung (DE-588)4006020-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4006020-2 (DE-588)4015587-0 |
| title | Eesti sõduri murepäevad territoriaalkorpus 1940-1941 |
| title_auth | Eesti sõduri murepäevad territoriaalkorpus 1940-1941 |
| title_exact_search | Eesti sõduri murepäevad territoriaalkorpus 1940-1941 |
| title_full | Eesti sõduri murepäevad territoriaalkorpus 1940-1941 Hanno Ojalo, Toe Nõmm |
| title_fullStr | Eesti sõduri murepäevad territoriaalkorpus 1940-1941 Hanno Ojalo, Toe Nõmm |
| title_full_unstemmed | Eesti sõduri murepäevad territoriaalkorpus 1940-1941 Hanno Ojalo, Toe Nõmm |
| title_short | Eesti sõduri murepäevad |
| title_sort | eesti soduri murepaevad territoriaalkorpus 1940 1941 |
| title_sub | territoriaalkorpus 1940-1941 |
| topic | Besetzung (DE-588)4006020-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Besetzung Estland |
| url | http://d-nb.info/1080931104/04 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029056796&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029056796&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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