Fundamental problems of the sociology of thinking:
"Written at the height of the purges, but unpublished for decades, Megrelidze's text is arguably the most significant, erudite and wide-ranging work of Marxist philosophy written in the USSR at the time. Discussing the emergence and development of human consciousness from the origins of hu...
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| Zusammenfassung: | "Written at the height of the purges, but unpublished for decades, Megrelidze's text is arguably the most significant, erudite and wide-ranging work of Marxist philosophy written in the USSR at the time. Discussing the emergence and development of human consciousness from the origins of humanity to the rise of capitalism, Megrelidze discusses the major achievements of contemporary cognitive science, sociology, philosophy and linguistics in the light of the works of Marx and Engels that were being published at the time. Far from the rigidities of official 'diamat', the book provides an insight into the important debates in Soviet intellectual life that led to the works of figures such as Vygotsky and the 'Bakhtin Circle'"-- |
| Beschreibung: | "Translated from: Konstantin Romanovich Megrelidze, Osnovnye problem sotsi ologii myshleniia / Ed. and foreword by A.T. Bochorishvili, 3rd edn, Moscow: urss, 2007, 488pp. (From the legacy of Soviet philosophical thought: social philosophy) |
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| adam_text | Contents Introduction: Konstantin Megrelidze and His Fundamental Problems of the Sociology of Thinking Craig Brandist Acknowledgement XXVIII From the Editor of the Russian Edition XXIX ix Fundamental Problems of the Sociology of Thinking Foreword 3 General Exposition of the Question of Thinking A Critique of Naturalistic Precepts (§ § 1-3) 8 8 PART 1 1 Material Conditions and Social Preconditions Necessary for the Rise of the Human Level of Consciousness 18 Working Life Activity (§ 4) 18 Relations of Consumption and Production (§5) 20 Labour and the Product of Labour (§ § 6, 7) 24 The Product of Labour: Material Mediator of Social Relations (§8) 29 Labour and Society: Mutual Dependence (§ 9) 34 2 From the Animal Level of Consciousness to Human Thinking 40 The Biological Roots of Consciousness (§10) 40 Instincts and Reflex Responses (§ § n, 12) 42 The Intellectual Activity of Animals (§ 13) 48 Shortcomings of Physiological Psychology and Classical Psychology (§14) 59 On Gestalt Psychology (§ 15) 62 The Manifestation of Consciousness in Animals (§§16,17) 66 Distinguishing Characteristics of Human Consciousness (§ 18) 71 Interaction in the Animal World and Social Interaction (§19) 78 The Ideational Content of Consciousness (§ 20) 85 The Essential Particularities of Human Consciousness (§ 21) 91 Preliminary Results (§ 22) 94
VI CONTENTS 3 Material Culture and Thinking 97 Labour Activity and Thinking (§ § 23,24) 97 The Materialisation of Ideas in the Process of Labour Activity and the Acquisition of Ideational Content by Things (§ 25) 102 Embodied Reason and Its Social Significance (§26) 106 The Qualitative Particularity of Social Relations (§27) 112 The Instrument of Labour - the Hand - Reason (§ § 28,29) 115 The Cognitive Significance of Mediated Activity (§§30, 31) 124 The Tale of How ‘the Transcendental Is Made Immanent’ and ‘the Immanent Is Made Transcendental’ (§32) 132 4 The Problem of Perception in the Field of Marxist Philosophy 134 The Perspective of Classical Psychology and Philosophy (§33) 134 Sensation Is Not the Basic Mental Atom (§ 34) 138 Sensation Is Not a Symbol, but the Reflection of Reality (§ § 35,36) 139 The Relational Dependence of Sense Data (§ § 37-42) 143 From the History of the Perception of Colours (§§41, 42) 154 The Marxist Perspective on the Question of Sensory Perception (§43) 169 5 The Question of a Subject’s Self-Awareness 173 Objects Are Perceived Primarily according to Their Social Significance (§44) 173 Self-Awareness Is Historically a Much Later Phenomenon Than the Perception of Objects of Activity (§ 45) 173 An Individual Subject’s Perception Was Historically Preceded by the Perception of the Collective Subject (§46) 175 PART 2 6 The Rise of the Idea 178 Comprehension. The Concept (§ 48) 179 The Concept and the Notion [predstavlenie] (§49) 182 The Particular and the General (§50) 188 The Doctrine of Existence and Concept (§ 51) 190 The Doctrine of the
Concept in the Empiricists and in Kant (§ 52) 191 The Place of the Concept in the System of Rationalist Views (§ § 53, 54) 192 Chance and Necessity (§ 55) 201 Three Pictures of the World (§56) 206
CONTENTS Concept and Reality (§ 57) 208 The Self-Contained Structure (§58) 217 Self-Contained Structure and the Concrete Concept (§§59,60) On Mathematical Concepts (§ § 61,62) 224 Generalisation and General Concepts (§ 63) 234 The Formation of Concepts (§ § 64, 65) 238 VII 219 7 The Sociogenesis of Ideas 245 The Social Character of Individual Thinking (§ 66) 245 On the Question of Parallelisms and Convergences (§67) 248 The Theory of Dispersion (§ 68) 249 The Theory of Borrowing (§ 69) 251 The Theory of the Identity of the Human Mind (§70) 254 The Geographical Theory (§71) 257 Shortcomings of the Existing Hypotheses (§72) 258 Questions of Parallelisms in the Marxist Interpretation (§73) 259 On the Origin of the Tinderbox (§ 74) 263 Parallelisms in the Sphere of Calculating Time (§ 75) 269 Convergences in the Realm of Types of Thinking (§76) 272 Social Existence and Social Consciousness (§77) 274 The Individual and Society (§ § 78,79) 277 The Social Genesis of Ideas (§80) 282 8 The Process of the Social Circulation of Ideas 285 The Propagation of Ideas (§ 81) 285 Social Circulation of the Products of Mental Creativity (§ 82) 288 On Popular Creativity (§83) 289 On Borrowing (§ 84) 293 Social Consciousness (§ 85) 296 The Composition and Content of Social Consciousness (§ § 86,87) 300 9 The Social Implementation of Ideas 308 The Material Support of Ideas (§§88,89) 308 Needs and Interests (§ 90) 311 The Construction of Social Interests (§ 91) 313 The Domination of Fetishistic Relations (§ 92) 318 Surplus Product and Private Property (§ 93) 321 Proprietary Alienation and Its
Liquidation (§ § 94, 95) 325 The Concept of the Collective Social Field of History (§ § 96,97) Class Interests (§ 98) 339 332
VIII CONTENTS Ideas Are Derivatives of Social Interests (§ § 99, 100) 342 The Character of Conformity to the Laws of History in an Antagonistic Society (§§101,102) 346 The Social Implementation of Ideas (§ § 103-106) 353 Class Consciousness (§107) 360 Ideological Changes and Social Changes (§ 108) 363 10 Testing Ideas in the Process of Their Implementation 365 What Is an Experience (§109) 365 Testing Ideas by Experience, Practice (§ § 110-113) 366 Pragmatism and Marxism (§ 114) 370 A Thesis on Practice in Its General Philosophical Meaning (§ 115) Concluding Observations (§116) 373 372 Supplement: Nikolai Iakovlevich Marr and the Philosophy of Marxism (1935) 375 Translated by Craig Brandist Glossary of Names 398 References 413 Index 422
References The following bibliography refers both to the editorial apparatus and Megrelidze’s ori ginal text. In the case of references to Marx and Engels, Megrelidze uses a variety of editions available at the time. Where the original passage cited has been found the translation and reference refers to the latest, and still incomplete English language edi tion. Where this has not been possible the text cited by Megreidze has been provided. There are cases in which Megrelidze’s references are incorrect or incomplete and it has been necessary to provide an annotation where this is needed. Alpatov, V.M. Istorlia odnogo mifa:Marr i Marrizm. Second edition. Moscow: urss. Andree, Richard 1878, ‘Über den Farbensinn der Naturvölker’, Zeitschriftfiir Ethnologie, 10:323-34. Ash, Mitchell G. 1998. Gestalt Psychology in German Culture 189 0-19 67: Holism and the Questfor Objectivity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bastian, Adolf i860, Der Mensch in der Geschichte, Leipzig: Wigand. Bastian, Adolf 1893, Kontroversen in der Ethnologie, Berlin: Weidmann. Becher, Erich 1911, Gehirn und Seele, Heidelberg: C. Winter. Bekhterev, Vladimir 1921, Kollektivnala Refleksologiia, Petrograd: Kolos. Beloch, Karl Julius 1924, Griechische Geschichte, Strassburg: Trübner. Bhaskar, Roy 1998 [1979], The Possibility of Naturalism: A Philosophical Critique of the Contemporary Human Sciences, London: Routledge. Bogdanov, A.A. 2010 [1910], Padnle vellkogofetishizma, Moscow: urss. Brandist, Craig 2011, ‘Semantic Palaeontology and the Passage from Myth to Science and Poetry: The Work of Izrail Frank-
Kamenetskij (1880-1937)’, Studies in East European Thought, 63, no. 1:42-61. Brandist, Craig 2015, The Dimensions of Hegemony: Language, Culture and Politics in Revolutionary Russia, Leiden: Brill. Braun, Julius 1864, Naturgeschichte der Sage. Rückführung aller religiösen Ideen, Sagen, Systeme auf ihren gemeinsamen Stammbaum und Ihre letzte Wurzel, München: Bruckmann. Brett, William H. 1868, The Indian Tribes of Guiana, London: Bell and Daldy. Bühler, Karl 1918, Die geistige Entwicklung des Kindes, Jena: Fischer. Bühler, Karl 1921, Die geistige Entwicklung des Kindes, Jena: Fischer. Bukharin, N.I. 1926 [1922], Historical Materialism: A System of Sociology, London: Allen and Unwin. Bukharin, N.I. 2005 [1937], Philosophical Arabesques, London: Pluto Press. Cassirer, Ernst 1925, Philosophie der symbolischen Formen, Vol. 11, Berlin: B. Cassirer. Cassirer, Ernst 1929, Philosophie der symbolischen Formen, Vol. 11ɪ, Berlin: B. Cassirer.
414 REFERENCES Cherchi, Marcello and H. Paul Manning 2002, Disciplines and Nations: Niko Marr vs. His Georgian Students on Tblisi State University and the Japhetidology/Caucasology Schism. (= Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies number 1603). Dilthey, Wilhelm 1922, Einleitung in die Geisteswissenschaften, Berlin: Teubner. Dilthey, Wilhelm 1927, DerAuftiau dergeschichtlichen Welt in den Geisteswissenschaften, Leipzig: Teubner. Driesch, H. 1903, Die Seele als elementarer Naturfaktor, Leipzig: Engelmann. Driesch, H. 1905, Der Vitalismus als Geschichte und als Lehre, Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth. Driesch, H. 1921, Philosophie des Organischen, Leipzig: Engelmann. Dzhioev, O.1.1980a, ‘Net v mire bogatsva, ravnogo chelovecheskoi zhizni ...’, Literaturnaia Gruziia, 12:174-82. Dzhioev, 0.1.1980a, ‘Net v mire bogatsva, ravnogo chelovecheskoi zhizni ...’, Literaturnaia Gruziia, 1980b, ‘Aktual nost’ sotsiologii myshleniia K.R. Megrelidze’, Ellosof- skaia i sotsiologicheskaia mysl , 2:86-93. Dummett, Michael 1993, Origins of Analytical Philosophy, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Durkheim, Emile 1902, La division du travail social, Paris: F. Alcan. Durkheim, Emile 1914, Noyye idei v sotsiologii, Book 2, St. Petersburg: Obrazovanie. Durkheim, Smile and Marcel Mauss 1913, Lesformes elementaires de la vie religieuse et le Systeme totemique en Australie, Paris: F. Alcan. Dzeims, V. [James, William] 1910, Pragmatizm. St. Petersburg: Shipovnik. Engel s, Fridrikh [Engels, Friedrich], 1931, Lludwig Feuerbach I konets klassicheskol nemetskoifilosofii, Moscow: Gos-
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418 REFERENCES Matthews, WK. 1950, ‘Soviet Contributions to Linguistic Thought’, Archlvum Linguisticum, 2:1-23 and 97-121. Medvedev P.N. 1983 [1926], ‘Sociologism without Sociology (On the Methodological Works of P.N. Sakulin)’, in Bakhtin School Papers, edited by Ann Shukman, Col chester: University of Essex, pp. 67-74. Megrelidze, Konstantin Romanovich 1935a, ‘N. la. Marr i filosofiia marksizma’, Probien^ istorii dokapitalistichesklkh obshchestv, 3-4:70-89. Megrelidze, Konstantin Romanovich 1935b, ‘N. la. Marr i filosofiia marksizma’, Podzna- menem Marksizma, 3:35-52. Megrelidze, Konstantin Romanovich 1935c, ‘0 khodiachikh sueveriiakh i pralogiches- kom” sposobe myshleniia’, in Akademiku N. la. Marru, Moscow: sssr, pp. 461- 96. Megrelidze, M.K. 1989, ‘Dva slova ob otse’, Filosofskala i sotsioiogicheskaia mysl , 2:93105. Meshchaninov, Ivan Ivanovich 1928, ‘0 doistoricheskom pereselenii narodov’, Vestnik Kommunisticheskoi akademii, 29. Meshchaninov, Ivan Ivanovich 2010 [1929], ‘Introduction to Japhetidology: Theses’, in Politics and the Theory ofLanguage in the USSR 1917-1938: The Birth ofSociological Lin guistics, edited by Craig Brandist and Katya Chown, London: Anthem Press, pp. 175— 9. Mikhailovskii, Nikolai 1882, ‘Geroi i tolpa’, Otechestvennye zapiski 1,2 and 5. Mises, Richard von 1928, Wahrscheinlichkeit, Statistik und Wahrheit, Berlin: Springer. Morgan, Jacques de 1909, La premiere civilisation, Paris: Leroux. Moss, Kevin 1984, Olga Mikhailovna Freidenberg: Soviet Mythologist in a Soviet Context, Cornell University: UMI Dissertation Services. Müller, Johannes
1840, Handbuch der Physiologie der Menschen für Vorlesungen, 2 volumes, Coblenz: J. Hölscher. Mulligan, Kevin (ed) 1987, Speech Act and Sachverhalt: Reinach and the Foundations of Realist Phenomenology, Dordrecht: Nijhoff. Mulligan, Kevin (ed) 1995, ‘Perception’, in The Cambridge Companion to Husserl. Edited by Barry Smith and David Woodruff Smith, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Natorp, Paul 1921, Platos Ideenlehre, Leipzig: Meiner. Nikonova, A.A. 2003, Problema arkhaicheskogo soznanila i stanovlenie otechestvennoi kul’turologicheskol mysli (20-30-e godyxxvf Kandidatskaia dissertatsiia: St. Peters burg SPbGU. Noire, Ludwig 1877, Ursprung der Sprache, Mainz: von Zabern. Noire, Ludwig 1880, Werkzeug und seine Bedeutung In der Geschichte der Menschheit sentwicklung, Mainz: von Zabern. Noire, Ludwig 1917, The Origin and Philosophy ofLanguage, Chicago: Open Court. Novicow, Jacques 1893, Les lüttes entre les societes, Paris: F. Alcan.
REFERENCES 419 Nuare, Liudvig [Noire, Ludwig] 1925, Orudie truda i ego znacheie v istorii razvitlla chelovechestva, Kharkov: Gosizdat Ukrainy. Parkinson, Richard 1907, DreissigJahre in der Südsee, Stuttgart: Strecker Schröder. Pavlov, LP. 1923, Dvadsatiletnli opyt ob ektivnogo izuchenlia visshei nervnoi deiatel nosti zhyvotnikh, Moscow and Petrograd: Gosizdat. Perlina, N. 2002, Olga Freidenberg’s Works and Days, Bloomington: Slavica. Philipse, Herman 1995, ‘Transcendental Idealism’, in The Cambridge Companion to Husserl, edited by Barry Smith and David Woodruff Smith, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 239-322. Planck, Max 1922, Einfilhrung in die Theorie der Elekrlzität und des Magnetismus, Leip zig: Hirzel. Plekhanov, G.V. 1941, Fundamental Problems of Marxism. London: Lawrence and Wis hart. Radloff, W. 1871, Haustiere der Kirgisen’, Zeitschriftfür Ethnologie, 3:285-313. Reichenbach, Hans 1922, ‘Der gegenwärtige Stand der Relativitäts-Diskussion’, Logos, 10:316-78. Rollinger, Robin D. (ed.) 1999, Husserl’s Position in the School of Brentano, Dordrecht: Springer. Röth, Eduard 1846, Geschichte unsere abendländischen Philosophie, München: Basser mann. Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 1755, Discours surl’origine et lesfondements de l’inegalite parmi les hommes, Amsterdam. Saussure, Ferdinand de 1933, Kurs obshchei lingvistiki, Moscow: ogiz. Schiller, F.C.S. 1902, Personal Idealism, London: Macmillan and Co. Schmidt, Johannes 1890, Die Urheimat der Indogermanen und das europäische Zahlsys tem, Berlin: Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Ber lin.
Schmidt, Wilhelm 1910, Die Stellung der Pygmäenvölker in der Entwicklungsgeschichte des Menschen, Stuttgart: Strecker Schröder. Schomburgk, Richard 1847/48, Reisen in Britisch Guiana, Vol. 1-3, Leipzig: Weber. Schopenhauer, Arthur 1844, Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung, 11, Leipzig: Brockhaus. Schopenhauer, Arthur 1900, 0 chetveroiakom körne zakona dostatochnogo osnovaniia, Moscow: Kushnerev. Schuhmann, Karl and Barry Smith 1985, ‘Against Idealism: Johannes Daubert vs. Husserl’s “Ideas” 1’, The Review ofMetaphysics, 38, no. 4:763-93. Shilov, L.A. (ed.) 1995, Sotrudniki Rossiiskoi natsional noi biblioteki - deiateli nauki i kul tury: biogrqficheskii slovar , St Petersburg: Izd. rnb. Sighele, Scipio 1901, Lafoule criminelle, Paris: F. Alcan. Smith, Barry 1988, ‘Gestalt Theory: An Essay in Philosophy’, in Foundations of Gestalt Theory, edited by Barry Smith, Munich: Philosophia Verlag, pp. 11-81.
420 REFERENCES Smith, Barry 1994, Austrian Philosophy: The Legacy of Franz Brentano, Chicago: Open Court. Spenser, G. [Spencer, Herbert] 1898 Osnovaniia sotsiologii. St. Petersburg: Sytin. Spencer, Herbert 1912 [1898], Principles ofSociology, New York: D. Appleton Company. Ste Croix, Geoffrey de 1981, The Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World, London: Duck worth. Steinen, Karl von den 1894, Unter den Naturvölkern Zentral-Braslliens, Berlin: Reimer. Steinen, Karl von den 1897, Unter den Naturvölkern Zentral-Braslliens, Berlin: Reimer. Tarde, Gabriel 1898, Etudes de psychologic sociale, Paris: Giard and Briere. Teilor, E.B. [Tylor, E.B.] 1899, Pervobytnala kul tura, Vol. 1.1 Thomas, Lawrence 1957, The Linguistic Ideas ofN. la. Marr, Berkeley: University of Cali fornia Press. Thorndike, E.L. 1898, Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study ofthe Association Pro cesses in Animals, New York: Macmillan. Thorndike, E.L. 1913, Educational Psychology, New York: Teachers College. Thorndike, E.L. 1931, Kongo.2 Tihanov, Galin 2012, ‘What was “Semantic Paleontology” and What Did it Have to Do with Literary Studies’, Stanford Slavic Studies, 39:288-311. Trautmann, Thomas R. 1997, Aryans and British India, Berkeley: University of California Press. Tsigler, E. (Ziegler, Heinrich Ernst) 1914, Instinkt, Petrograd: Soikin. Tuite, Kevin 2011, ‘The Reception of Marr and Marrism in the Soviet Georgian Academy’, in Exploring the Edge ofEmpire: Soviet Era Anthropology in the Caucasus and Central Asia, edited by Florian Mühlfried and Sergey Sokolovsky, Halle: lit Verlag, pp. 197214. Tylor,
John M. 1924, The New Stone Age in Northern Europe, New York: C. Scribner’s Sons. Vaihinger, Hans 1920, Die Philosophie des Als Ob, Leipzig: Meiner. Vasil kov, laroslav 2001, ‘Tragediia akademika Marra’, Khristianskii Vostok, 2:390-412. Vundt, v, [Wundt, Wilhelm] 1913, Mifi religlia, translated by V Bazarov and P. Yushke- vich, St. Petersburg: Brokgaus-Effon. Watson, J.B. 1914, Behaviour, an Introduction to Comparative Psychology, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Wertheimer, Max 1925, Über Gestalttheorie, Erlangen: Philosophische akademie. 1 It appears Megrelidze’s reference is incorrect. The book was first published in 1872 and then again in 1896 and 1897 with parts that questioned Christian views removed. It was published without such incursions in 1939. 2 Megrelidze’s text lists a translated 1931 work by Thorndike work called Kongo, but this does not appear to exist. The only translated book from 1931 is Pslkhologiia obuchenila vzrosfykh, Moscow and Leningrad: Gos. Uchebno-pedagogicheskoe izd.
REFERENCES 421 Wertheimer, Max 1961, Productive Thinking, London: Tavistock Publications. Wesselski, Albert 1931, Versuch einer Theorie des Märchens, Reichenberg: F. Kraus. Wilke, Georg A. 1923, Kulturbeziehungen zwischen Indien, Orient und Europa, Leipzig: Kabitzsch. Windelband, Wilhelm 1920, Einleitung in die Philosophie, Tübingen: Mohr. Zedania, Giga 2014, ‘Konstantin Megrelidze’s Theory of Consciousness’, Identity Studies, 5, no. 1:77-86. Zeller, Eduard 1869, Die Philosophie der Griechen Entwicklung, Leipzig: Fues. Zur Strassen, Otto 1908, Die neuere Tierpsychologie, Leipzig: Teubner. Archival References Peterburgskoi filial arkhiva rossiiskoi akademii nauk (pfa ran): Fond # 77 Institut iazyka I myshleniia im. N. la. Marra. Fond # 800 Marr, Nikolai Iakovlevich.
Index The index mainly shows the names of persons mentioned in the text, with the exception of cer tain texts and themes not mentioned in Megrelidze’s extensive table of contents. Abaev, Vasilii I. 162 Ach, Narziß 182 Alexander the Great 292 Anaxagoras 121,390,393-394 Anaximenes 389-390,393,394 Aristotle 109,121,123,124,175,190,192,193, 209,256,281,389,394 Augustine 198 Avenarius, Richard 127,136,138 Avesta 385,391-395 Bacon, Francis 101,257 Bakhtin, Mikhail M. xii, xxi Balzac, Honore de 282 Baratynsky, Yevgeny 284 Bashindzagian, Leon G. xi, xiii, 241 Bastian, Adolf 248,257 Bauer, Bruno 212 Becher, Erich 44 Bekhterev, Vladimir M. 297,298 Berkeley, George 132,136 Bhaskar, Roy xvi Bible, The 154,385,395 Boas, Franz 231, 248 Böhme, Jakob 293-294 Bogdanov, Aleksandr A. xxiv, XXV, 275 Boltzmann, Ludwig 204-205 Bolzano, Bernard 132, 227 Bonaparte, Napoleon 292 Bosman, Willem 270 Braun, Julius 252 Brett, William 150 Bühler, Karl 49,73-74 Bukharin, Nikolai I. xiv Calvin, John 198 Carlyle, Thomas 292 Carnot, Nicholas 85,204 Cassirer, Ernst 127,152,255 Chikobava, Arnold S. xiii Cicero 123,160 Clausius, Rudolf 204 Cohen, Hermann 127,132,137,190,242,347, 348,352 Colebrook, Henry 156 Columbus, Christopher 281,350 Cooley, Charles 113 Cooper, James F. 144-145 Croce, Benedetto 212 Cunow, Heinrich 144 DAeth, Frederic 215 Dal , Vladimir I. 161, 241 Darwin, Charles 44,116,121, 203 Deborin, Abram M. xi Democritus 160 De Roberti, Evgenii 113-114 Descamps, Paul 215 Descartes, Rene 135 Diderot, Denis 198 Diogenes Laertius 390 d’Holbach, Baron (Paul-Henri Thiry) 98 Dilthey, Wilhelm 300 Dondua,
Karpez D. xiii Dräghicescu, Dimitrie 113,292 Durkheim, Emile 5,113,256,275,292,298, 300-303,305 Ebbinghaus, Hermann 138 Edinger, Ludwig 75 Ehrenreich, Paul 251 Einstein, Albert 280 Empedocles 160,390,394 Engels, Friedrich xviii-xix, xxiv-xxvi, 3,6, 36,62, ɪoɪ, 103,122-123, 144, 149, 170, 198,200,203,207,212,221,228,231,233, 240,243,292,314, 320,328n26, 334, 340,341,345.350,351-352.356, 367. 368,382,384,396,397 Euclid 281 Feuerbach, Ludwig 19,112-113,126, 143, 169170, 171, 354-355 Fichte, Johann G. 173,193,213,296,378 Forel, Auguste 41 Foucault, Michel xxv Fourier, Frangois 368 France, Anatole 310
423 INDEX Frank-Kamenetskii, Izrail G. Franklin, Benjamin 124 Frazer, James 5,248,254 Freidenberg, Ol ga M. xxii xxii, 163138 Freyer, Hans 300 Frobenius, Leo 264,266 Gauss, Johann 280,286 Geiger, Lazar xxii, 23,100,122,154-161,386 Gestalt psychology, Gestalt theory xvi-xviii, xx, 62-66,139 Gibson, James J. xviii Gnedich, Petr 305-306025 Goethe, Johann 94,100,129-131,149,189, 224,279,280-281,286,293,294 Grillparzer, Franz 99,214 Gruppe, Otto 252,253 Guericke, Otto von 369 Guizot, Francois 240 Haller, Albrecht von 127,129 Hartmann, Nikolai 137,300,389 Haym, Rudolf 387 Hegel, Georg 2 8-2 9,35-36, 40, 98-99, 104106, no, 115,123,125,130,145.147,151. 190,192-201,208-210, 216,224,225, 280,283,287,293-294,306,309,362, 374.382, 388-389 Heidegger, Martin 212,213 Heine, Heinrich 199,293-294 Helvetius, Claude 121,198 Heraclitus 134,221,390-391, 392-393, 394 Herbart, Johann 139 Herder, Johann 280 Herodotus 160-161,385 Hertel, Johannes 391-392 Hesiod 165 Hippolytus 390 Hobbes, Thomas 124 Hochheimer, Wolfgang 88-91 Homer 155,156,157,161,188,224,385, 394 Husserl, Edmund x, xvi-xviii, xx, 132,187, 190, 213 Jacobi, Carl 199 Jaensch, Erich 182-18315 James, William 371-372 Jeans, James 127-128 Kant, Immanuel xix, 115,121,127,128-129, 132, 137.146, 186,191-192,209,213,223, 235, 256,366 Kapp, Ernst 119-120 Kautsky, Karl 171 Koffka, Kurt xvii, 55,57-58,75-76 Köhler, Wolfgang x, xvii, 50-59, 65, 66-69, 71-73,114,117-118,145-146, 219 Kroner, Richard 347152 Kiilpe, Oswald 182 La Mettrie, Julien 198 Lang, Andrew 254 Laplace, Pierre-Simon 186,193,201 Lasalle, Ferdinand 328026 Lask, Emil 140,190
Lazarus, Moritz 292,296-297 Le Bon 292,298 Leibnitz, Gottfried 140,192-198 Lenin, Vladimir I. xxv, 31,36,104-105,126, 136,140-141,152,169,170,188,189,198, 200,202,203,215-216,235,243, 283, 307, 310. 330, 334032,336, 341, 342, 345. 349-350,355n65,369,370,383,386387, 396, 397 Leont ev, Aleksei N. Leucippus 175 xxi Levy-Bruhl, Lucien 5,171,272,292,300-302, 305,383,386 Liebert, Albert x Lindworsky. Johannes 69-70 Lobachevsky, Nikolai I. 226,227 Locke, John 134,139,192 Lorentz, Hendrik 280 Lucretius 198 Lumholtz, Carl S. 237,383 Luria, Aleksandr R. xxi, 92-93n62 Mach, Ernst 127,136,138,142 Marbe, Karl 182 Marr, Nikolai la. xii-xiv, xix, xxi-xxv, 25, 157.163, 375-397 Marx, Karl xviii, xxiv-xxvi, 6, 7-10,14,1819,22,24-34,37,38,41,59,61, 62,65, 71, 81-83,99,103-106,109,112-113,119, 125,126,144,145,151-153,169-170,171, 173,176, 179,195,197,198,200,203, 210, 212-217,220,222-224,228-229, 234,238-239, 243,258-261,271,274-
INDEX 424 Marx, Karl (cont.) 276, 285-286,288, 291293,296,304,308-320,322,325-330, 334-336, 338, 339-346,3481153,354356,358-363,364,365-67,370,374, 377,382,383,385-385,386,389,396, 397 Mauss, Marcel 275 McDougall, William 79n5o Medvedev, Pavel N. xxi Megrelidze, Iosif V. xü, xiii xxix Megrelidze, Konstantin R. ix-xxvii, xxixxxxi Meshchaninov, Ivan I. xi, xxiii, 250,259,261 Michelson, Albert 280,370 Mignet, Francois 240 Mikhailovskii, Nikolai K. 298 Minkovsky, Hermann 280 Mises, Richard von 203 Morgan, Lloyd 45 Morley, Edward 280, 370 Natorp, Paul 127,137,190,242,347,389 Nemesiues of Emsa 212 Nietzsche, Friedrich 128-129041 Newton, Isaac 280, 281 Noire, Ludwig xix-xx, 37,100,120 Novalis (Georg Philipp Friedrich Freiherr von Hardenberg) 100 Orbeliani, Saba 158 0rsted, Hans Christian Ovid 157,162 Owen, Robert 368 370 Palaeontology, semantic xxi-xxv, 179-182, 235-238,288-291, 364,378-396 Palante, Georges 292 Parkinson, Richard 231 Pavlov, Ivan P. 42 Pearson, Karl 242 Pindar 155,156,385 Planck, Max 397 Plato 10,157,175,192,389 Pliny 160 Plekhanov, Georgii V. xxiv-xxv, 282 Pokrovskii, Mikhail N. 397 Post, Albert 248 Potebnia, Aleksandr A. 238 Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph 324-325,328026 Puchta, Georg 296 Pythagoras 134,160,394 Ratzel, Friedrich 257 Reicheobach, Haos 212 Ricardo, David 112 Rickert, Heiorich 132,190,347 Riemaoo, Bernhard 226,280 Rousseau, Jeao-Jacques 234016 Rozen, Viktor R. 376 Russell, Bertrand 227 Saint-Simon, Claude 368 Saussure, Ferdinand de 303,305 Savigny, Friedrich Carl von 296 Schelling, Friedrich 110,280,293-294,296 Schiller, Johann 371 Schmidt, Wilhelm 264-265
Schomburgk, Moritz 150 Schopenhauer, Arthur xix, xxv, 137,142,193 Schuppe, Ernst 190 Sextus Empiricus 391 Shakespeare, William 109,294 Shpet, Gustav G. 238 Sighele, Scipio 297,298 Simmel, Georg 113,347 Smith, Adam 109,112,330 Sombart, Werner 299-300 Spencer, Herbert 13-14,44,248,298 Spinoza, Baruch xix, 190,192-199,209,294 Stalin, Iosif V. xii, xxiv, 397 Stammler, Rudolf 347 Staudinger, Franz 347 Steinthai, Heyman 296-297 Stephenson, George 281 Strassen, Otto 61 Steinen, Karl von 166,234-235,263,286, 382 Stendahl, Haymann 189,286 Stirner, Max 216,325,362 Tarde, Gabriel 113, 297,298,347 Thales of Miletus 389-390,394 Theocritus 155 Thierry, Jacques 240 Thiers, Marie 240 Thorndike, Edward L. 42,48-50,53,60,114, 176 Trcmaux, Paul 276
425 INDEX Tsagareli, Aleksandr 158 Tylor, Edward Burnett 5,143-144,248,254 Tymianskii, Grigorii S. xi Vaihinger, Hans 127,132,242,371 Vedas 154,156,391-395 Rigveda 154,385,391 Veselovskii, Aleksandr N. 376 Vico, Giambattista 18,174,286 Virgil 155.354 Voloshinov, Valentin N. xxi Voltaire (Francois-Marie Arouet) 175,188, 199, 249,393 Vorländer, Karl 347 Vygotskii, Lev S. xxi Ward, Lester F. 113, 347 Watson, John 42 Weber, Max 242 Wertheimer, Max x, xvii, 58,139,230 Wesselski, Albert 289-290 Windelband, Wilhelm 190,347 Worms, Rene 298 Wundt, Wilhelm 109,138,172,254,297 Würzburg school 182,187 Xenophanes 162 Ziegler, Heinrich Bayerlache Staatebibllothak | München j 45
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Contents Introduction: Konstantin Megrelidze and His Fundamental Problems of the Sociology of Thinking Craig Brandist Acknowledgement XXVIII From the Editor of the Russian Edition XXIX ix Fundamental Problems of the Sociology of Thinking Foreword 3 General Exposition of the Question of Thinking A Critique of Naturalistic Precepts (§ § 1-3) 8 8 PART 1 1 Material Conditions and Social Preconditions Necessary for the Rise of the Human Level of Consciousness 18 Working Life Activity (§ 4) 18 Relations of Consumption and Production (§5) 20 Labour and the Product of Labour (§ § 6, 7) 24 The Product of Labour: Material Mediator of Social Relations (§8) 29 Labour and Society: Mutual Dependence (§ 9) 34 2 From the Animal Level of Consciousness to Human Thinking 40 The Biological Roots of Consciousness (§10) 40 Instincts and Reflex Responses (§ § n, 12) 42 The Intellectual Activity of Animals (§ 13) 48 Shortcomings of Physiological Psychology and Classical Psychology (§14) 59 On Gestalt Psychology (§ 15) 62 The Manifestation of Consciousness in Animals (§§16,17) 66 Distinguishing Characteristics of Human Consciousness (§ 18) 71 Interaction in the Animal World and Social Interaction (§19) 78 The Ideational Content of Consciousness (§ 20) 85 The Essential Particularities of Human Consciousness (§ 21) 91 Preliminary Results (§ 22) 94
VI CONTENTS 3 Material Culture and Thinking 97 Labour Activity and Thinking (§ § 23,24) 97 The Materialisation of Ideas in the Process of Labour Activity and the Acquisition of Ideational Content by Things (§ 25) 102 Embodied Reason and Its Social Significance (§26) 106 The Qualitative Particularity of Social Relations (§27) 112 The Instrument of Labour - the Hand - Reason (§ § 28,29) 115 The Cognitive Significance of Mediated Activity (§§30, 31) 124 The Tale of How ‘the Transcendental Is Made Immanent’ and ‘the Immanent Is Made Transcendental’ (§32) 132 4 The Problem of Perception in the Field of Marxist Philosophy 134 The Perspective of Classical Psychology and Philosophy (§33) 134 Sensation Is Not the Basic Mental Atom (§ 34) 138 Sensation Is Not a Symbol, but the Reflection of Reality (§ § 35,36) 139 The Relational Dependence of Sense Data (§ § 37-42) 143 From the History of the Perception of Colours (§§41, 42) 154 The Marxist Perspective on the Question of Sensory Perception (§43) 169 5 The Question of a Subject’s Self-Awareness 173 Objects Are Perceived Primarily according to Their Social Significance (§44) 173 Self-Awareness Is Historically a Much Later Phenomenon Than the Perception of Objects of Activity (§ 45) 173 An Individual Subject’s Perception Was Historically Preceded by the Perception of the Collective Subject (§46) 175 PART 2 6 The Rise of the Idea 178 Comprehension. The Concept (§ 48) 179 The Concept and the Notion [predstavlenie] (§49) 182 The Particular and the General (§50) 188 The Doctrine of Existence and Concept (§ 51) 190 The Doctrine of the
Concept in the Empiricists and in Kant (§ 52) 191 The Place of the Concept in the System of Rationalist Views (§ § 53, 54) 192 Chance and Necessity (§ 55) 201 Three Pictures of the World (§56) 206
CONTENTS Concept and Reality (§ 57) 208 The Self-Contained Structure (§58) 217 Self-Contained Structure and the Concrete Concept (§§59,60) On Mathematical Concepts (§ § 61,62) 224 Generalisation and General Concepts (§ 63) 234 The Formation of Concepts (§ § 64, 65) 238 VII 219 7 The Sociogenesis of Ideas 245 The Social Character of Individual Thinking (§ 66) 245 On the Question of Parallelisms and Convergences (§67) 248 The Theory of Dispersion (§ 68) 249 The Theory of Borrowing (§ 69) 251 The Theory of the Identity of the Human Mind (§70) 254 The Geographical Theory (§71) 257 Shortcomings of the Existing Hypotheses (§72) 258 Questions of Parallelisms in the Marxist Interpretation (§73) 259 On the Origin of the Tinderbox (§ 74) 263 Parallelisms in the Sphere of Calculating Time (§ 75) 269 Convergences in the Realm of Types of Thinking (§76) 272 Social Existence and Social Consciousness (§77) 274 The Individual and Society (§ § 78,79) 277 The Social Genesis of Ideas (§80) 282 8 The Process of the Social Circulation of Ideas 285 The Propagation of Ideas (§ 81) 285 Social Circulation of the Products of Mental Creativity (§ 82) 288 On Popular Creativity (§83) 289 On Borrowing (§ 84) 293 Social Consciousness (§ 85) 296 The Composition and Content of Social Consciousness (§ § 86,87) 300 9 The Social Implementation of Ideas 308 The Material Support of Ideas (§§88,89) 308 Needs and Interests (§ 90) 311 The Construction of Social Interests (§ 91) 313 The Domination of Fetishistic Relations (§ 92) 318 Surplus Product and Private Property (§ 93) 321 Proprietary Alienation and Its
Liquidation (§ § 94, 95) 325 The Concept of the Collective Social Field of History (§ § 96,97) Class Interests (§ 98) 339 332
VIII CONTENTS Ideas Are Derivatives of Social Interests (§ § 99, 100) 342 The Character of Conformity to the Laws of History in an Antagonistic Society (§§101,102) 346 The Social Implementation of Ideas (§ § 103-106) 353 Class Consciousness (§107) 360 Ideological Changes and Social Changes (§ 108) 363 10 Testing Ideas in the Process of Their Implementation 365 What Is an Experience (§109) 365 Testing Ideas by Experience, Practice (§ § 110-113) 366 Pragmatism and Marxism (§ 114) 370 A Thesis on Practice in Its General Philosophical Meaning (§ 115) Concluding Observations (§116) 373 372 Supplement: Nikolai Iakovlevich Marr and the Philosophy of Marxism (1935) 375 Translated by Craig Brandist Glossary of Names 398 References 413 Index 422
References The following bibliography refers both to the editorial apparatus and Megrelidze’s ori ginal text. In the case of references to Marx and Engels, Megrelidze uses a variety of editions available at the time. Where the original passage cited has been found the translation and reference refers to the latest, and still incomplete English language edi tion. Where this has not been possible the text cited by Megreidze has been provided. There are cases in which Megrelidze’s references are incorrect or incomplete and it has been necessary to provide an annotation where this is needed. Alpatov, V.M. Istorlia odnogo mifa:Marr i Marrizm. Second edition. Moscow: urss. Andree, Richard 1878, ‘Über den Farbensinn der Naturvölker’, Zeitschriftfiir Ethnologie, 10:323-34. Ash, Mitchell G. 1998. Gestalt Psychology in German Culture 189 0-19 67: Holism and the Questfor Objectivity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bastian, Adolf i860, Der Mensch in der Geschichte, Leipzig: Wigand. Bastian, Adolf 1893, Kontroversen in der Ethnologie, Berlin: Weidmann. Becher, Erich 1911, Gehirn und Seele, Heidelberg: C. Winter. Bekhterev, Vladimir 1921, Kollektivnala Refleksologiia, Petrograd: Kolos. Beloch, Karl Julius 1924, Griechische Geschichte, Strassburg: Trübner. Bhaskar, Roy 1998 [1979], The Possibility of Naturalism: A Philosophical Critique of the Contemporary Human Sciences, London: Routledge. Bogdanov, A.A. 2010 [1910], Padnle vellkogofetishizma, Moscow: urss. Brandist, Craig 2011, ‘Semantic Palaeontology and the Passage from Myth to Science and Poetry: The Work of Izrail' Frank-
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414 REFERENCES Cherchi, Marcello and H. Paul Manning 2002, Disciplines and Nations: Niko Marr vs. His Georgian Students on Tblisi State University and the Japhetidology/Caucasology Schism. (= Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies number 1603). Dilthey, Wilhelm 1922, Einleitung in die Geisteswissenschaften, Berlin: Teubner. Dilthey, Wilhelm 1927, DerAuftiau dergeschichtlichen Welt in den Geisteswissenschaften, Leipzig: Teubner. Driesch, H. 1903, Die Seele als elementarer Naturfaktor, Leipzig: Engelmann. Driesch, H. 1905, Der Vitalismus als Geschichte und als Lehre, Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth. Driesch, H. 1921, Philosophie des Organischen, Leipzig: Engelmann. Dzhioev, O.1.1980a, ‘Net v mire bogatsva, ravnogo chelovecheskoi zhizni .’, Literaturnaia Gruziia, 12:174-82. Dzhioev, 0.1.1980a, ‘Net v mire bogatsva, ravnogo chelovecheskoi zhizni .’, Literaturnaia Gruziia, 1980b, ‘Aktual'nost’ sotsiologii myshleniia K.R. Megrelidze’, Ellosof- skaia i sotsiologicheskaia mysl', 2:86-93. Dummett, Michael 1993, Origins of Analytical Philosophy, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Durkheim, Emile 1902, La division du travail social, Paris: F. Alcan. Durkheim, Emile 1914, Noyye idei v sotsiologii, Book 2, St. Petersburg: Obrazovanie. Durkheim, Smile and Marcel Mauss 1913, Lesformes elementaires de la vie religieuse et le Systeme totemique en Australie, Paris: F. Alcan. Dzeims, V. [James, William] 1910, Pragmatizm. St. Petersburg: Shipovnik. Engel's, Fridrikh [Engels, Friedrich], 1931, Lludwig Feuerbach I konets klassicheskol nemetskoifilosofii, Moscow: Gos-
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Index The index mainly shows the names of persons mentioned in the text, with the exception of cer tain texts and themes not mentioned in Megrelidze’s extensive table of contents. Abaev, Vasilii I. 162 Ach, Narziß 182 Alexander the Great 292 Anaxagoras 121,390,393-394 Anaximenes 389-390,393,394 Aristotle 109,121,123,124,175,190,192,193, 209,256,281,389,394 Augustine 198 Avenarius, Richard 127,136,138 Avesta 385,391-395 Bacon, Francis 101,257 Bakhtin, Mikhail M. xii, xxi Balzac, Honore de 282 Baratynsky, Yevgeny 284 Bashindzagian, Leon G. xi, xiii, 241 Bastian, Adolf 248,257 Bauer, Bruno 212 Becher, Erich 44 Bekhterev, Vladimir M. 297,298 Berkeley, George 132,136 Bhaskar, Roy xvi Bible, The 154,385,395 Boas, Franz 231, 248 Böhme, Jakob 293-294 Bogdanov, Aleksandr A. xxiv, XXV, 275 Boltzmann, Ludwig 204-205 Bolzano, Bernard 132, 227 Bonaparte, Napoleon 292 Bosman, Willem 270 Braun, Julius 252 Brett, William 150 Bühler, Karl 49,73-74 Bukharin, Nikolai I. xiv Calvin, John 198 Carlyle, Thomas 292 Carnot, Nicholas 85,204 Cassirer, Ernst 127,152,255 Chikobava, Arnold S. xiii Cicero 123,160 Clausius, Rudolf 204 Cohen, Hermann 127,132,137,190,242,347, 348,352 Colebrook, Henry 156 Columbus, Christopher 281,350 Cooley, Charles 113 Cooper, James F. 144-145 Croce, Benedetto 212 Cunow, Heinrich 144 DAeth, Frederic 215 Dal', Vladimir I. 161, 241 Darwin, Charles 44,116,121, 203 Deborin, Abram M. xi Democritus 160 De Roberti, Evgenii 113-114 Descamps, Paul 215 Descartes, Rene 135 Diderot, Denis 198 Diogenes Laertius 390 d’Holbach, Baron (Paul-Henri Thiry) 98 Dilthey, Wilhelm 300 Dondua,
Karpez D. xiii Dräghicescu, Dimitrie 113,292 Durkheim, Emile 5,113,256,275,292,298, 300-303,305 Ebbinghaus, Hermann 138 Edinger, Ludwig 75 Ehrenreich, Paul 251 Einstein, Albert 280 Empedocles 160,390,394 Engels, Friedrich xviii-xix, xxiv-xxvi, 3,6, 36,62, ɪoɪ, 103,122-123, 144, 149, 170, 198,200,203,207,212,221,228,231,233, 240,243,292,314, 320,328n26, 334, 340,341,345.350,351-352.356, 367. 368,382,384,396,397 Euclid 281 Feuerbach, Ludwig 19,112-113,126, 143, 169170, 171, 354-355 Fichte, Johann G. 173,193,213,296,378 Forel, Auguste 41 Foucault, Michel xxv Fourier, Frangois 368 France, Anatole 310
423 INDEX Frank-Kamenetskii, Izrail' G. Franklin, Benjamin 124 Frazer, James 5,248,254 Freidenberg, Ol'ga M. xxii xxii, 163138 Freyer, Hans 300 Frobenius, Leo 264,266 Gauss, Johann 280,286 Geiger, Lazar xxii, 23,100,122,154-161,386 Gestalt psychology, Gestalt theory xvi-xviii, xx, 62-66,139 Gibson, James J. xviii Gnedich, Petr 305-306025 Goethe, Johann 94,100,129-131,149,189, 224,279,280-281,286,293,294 Grillparzer, Franz 99,214 Gruppe, Otto 252,253 Guericke, Otto von 369 Guizot, Francois 240 Haller, Albrecht von 127,129 Hartmann, Nikolai 137,300,389 Haym, Rudolf 387 Hegel, Georg 2 8-2 9,35-36, 40, 98-99, 104106, no, 115,123,125,130,145.147,151. 190,192-201,208-210, 216,224,225, 280,283,287,293-294,306,309,362, 374.382, 388-389 Heidegger, Martin 212,213 Heine, Heinrich 199,293-294 Helvetius, Claude 121,198 Heraclitus 134,221,390-391, 392-393, 394 Herbart, Johann 139 Herder, Johann 280 Herodotus 160-161,385 Hertel, Johannes 391-392 Hesiod 165 Hippolytus 390 Hobbes, Thomas 124 Hochheimer, Wolfgang 88-91 Homer 155,156,157,161,188,224,385, 394 Husserl, Edmund x, xvi-xviii, xx, 132,187, 190, 213 Jacobi, Carl 199 Jaensch, Erich 182-18315 James, William 371-372 Jeans, James 127-128 Kant, Immanuel xix, 115,121,127,128-129, 132, 137.146, 186,191-192,209,213,223, 235, 256,366 Kapp, Ernst 119-120 Kautsky, Karl 171 Koffka, Kurt xvii, 55,57-58,75-76 Köhler, Wolfgang x, xvii, 50-59, 65, 66-69, 71-73,114,117-118,145-146, 219 Kroner, Richard 347152 Kiilpe, Oswald 182 La Mettrie, Julien 198 Lang, Andrew 254 Laplace, Pierre-Simon 186,193,201 Lasalle, Ferdinand 328026 Lask, Emil 140,190
Lazarus, Moritz 292,296-297 Le Bon 292,298 Leibnitz, Gottfried 140,192-198 Lenin, Vladimir I. xxv, 31,36,104-105,126, 136,140-141,152,169,170,188,189,198, 200,202,203,215-216,235,243, 283, 307, 310. 330, 334032,336, 341, 342, 345. 349-350,355n65,369,370,383,386387, 396, 397 Leont'ev, Aleksei N. Leucippus 175 xxi Levy-Bruhl, Lucien 5,171,272,292,300-302, 305,383,386 Liebert, Albert x Lindworsky. Johannes 69-70 Lobachevsky, Nikolai I. 226,227 Locke, John 134,139,192 Lorentz, Hendrik 280 Lucretius 198 Lumholtz, Carl S. 237,383 Luria, Aleksandr R. xxi, 92-93n62 Mach, Ernst 127,136,138,142 Marbe, Karl 182 Marr, Nikolai la. xii-xiv, xix, xxi-xxv, 25, 157.163, 375-397 Marx, Karl xviii, xxiv-xxvi, 6, 7-10,14,1819,22,24-34,37,38,41,59,61, 62,65, 71, 81-83,99,103-106,109,112-113,119, 125,126,144,145,151-153,169-170,171, 173,176, 179,195,197,198,200,203, 210, 212-217,220,222-224,228-229, 234,238-239, 243,258-261,271,274-
INDEX 424 Marx, Karl (cont.) 276, 285-286,288, 291293,296,304,308-320,322,325-330, 334-336, 338, 339-346,3481153,354356,358-363,364,365-67,370,374, 377,382,383,385-385,386,389,396, 397 Mauss, Marcel 275 McDougall, William 79n5o Medvedev, Pavel N. xxi Megrelidze, Iosif V. xü, xiii xxix Megrelidze, Konstantin R. ix-xxvii, xxixxxxi Meshchaninov, Ivan I. xi, xxiii, 250,259,261 Michelson, Albert 280,370 Mignet, Francois 240 Mikhailovskii, Nikolai K. 298 Minkovsky, Hermann 280 Mises, Richard von 203 Morgan, Lloyd 45 Morley, Edward 280, 370 Natorp, Paul 127,137,190,242,347,389 Nemesiues of Emsa 212 Nietzsche, Friedrich 128-129041 Newton, Isaac 280, 281 Noire, Ludwig xix-xx, 37,100,120 Novalis (Georg Philipp Friedrich Freiherr von Hardenberg) 100 Orbeliani, Saba 158 0rsted, Hans Christian Ovid 157,162 Owen, Robert 368 370 Palaeontology, semantic xxi-xxv, 179-182, 235-238,288-291, 364,378-396 Palante, Georges 292 Parkinson, Richard 231 Pavlov, Ivan P. 42 Pearson, Karl 242 Pindar 155,156,385 Planck, Max 397 Plato 10,157,175,192,389 Pliny 160 Plekhanov, Georgii V. xxiv-xxv, 282 Pokrovskii, Mikhail N. 397 Post, Albert 248 Potebnia, Aleksandr A. 238 Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph 324-325,328026 Puchta, Georg 296 Pythagoras 134,160,394 Ratzel, Friedrich 257 Reicheobach, Haos 212 Ricardo, David 112 Rickert, Heiorich 132,190,347 Riemaoo, Bernhard 226,280 Rousseau, Jeao-Jacques 234016 Rozen, Viktor R. 376 Russell, Bertrand 227 Saint-Simon, Claude 368 Saussure, Ferdinand de 303,305 Savigny, Friedrich Carl von 296 Schelling, Friedrich 110,280,293-294,296 Schiller, Johann 371 Schmidt, Wilhelm 264-265
Schomburgk, Moritz 150 Schopenhauer, Arthur xix, xxv, 137,142,193 Schuppe, Ernst 190 Sextus Empiricus 391 Shakespeare, William 109,294 Shpet, Gustav G. 238 Sighele, Scipio 297,298 Simmel, Georg 113,347 Smith, Adam 109,112,330 Sombart, Werner 299-300 Spencer, Herbert 13-14,44,248,298 Spinoza, Baruch xix, 190,192-199,209,294 Stalin, Iosif V. xii, xxiv, 397 Stammler, Rudolf 347 Staudinger, Franz 347 Steinthai, Heyman 296-297 Stephenson, George 281 Strassen, Otto 61 Steinen, Karl von 166,234-235,263,286, 382 Stendahl, Haymann 189,286 Stirner, Max 216,325,362 Tarde, Gabriel 113, 297,298,347 Thales of Miletus 389-390,394 Theocritus 155 Thierry, Jacques 240 Thiers, Marie 240 Thorndike, Edward L. 42,48-50,53,60,114, 176 Trcmaux, Paul 276
425 INDEX Tsagareli, Aleksandr 158 Tylor, Edward Burnett 5,143-144,248,254 Tymianskii, Grigorii S. xi Vaihinger, Hans 127,132,242,371 Vedas 154,156,391-395 Rigveda 154,385,391 Veselovskii, Aleksandr N. 376 Vico, Giambattista 18,174,286 Virgil 155.354 Voloshinov, Valentin N. xxi Voltaire (Francois-Marie Arouet) 175,188, 199, 249,393 Vorländer, Karl 347 Vygotskii, Lev S. xxi Ward, Lester F. 113, 347 Watson, John 42 Weber, Max 242 Wertheimer, Max x, xvii, 58,139,230 Wesselski, Albert 289-290 Windelband, Wilhelm 190,347 Worms, Rene 298 Wundt, Wilhelm 109,138,172,254,297 Würzburg school 182,187 Xenophanes 162 Ziegler, Heinrich Bayerlache Staatebibllothak | München j 45 |
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| author | Megreliże, Kita 1900-1944 |
| author2 | Skinner, Jeffrey N. Brandist, Craig 1963- Megreliże, Kita, 1900-1944 |
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| index_date | 2024-07-03T21:42:08Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:48:07Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789004300088 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Megreliże, Kita 1900-1944 Verfasser aut Osnovye problemy sot͡siologii myshlenii͡a Fundamental problems of the sociology of thinking by Konstantin Megrelidze ; translated by Jeff Skinner ; edited, with an introduction and editorial apparatus, by Craig Brandist Leiden ; Boston Brill [2023] © 2023 XXXI, 425 Seiten 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Historical materialism book series volume 265 "Translated from: Konstantin Romanovich Megrelidze, Osnovnye problem sotsi ologii myshleniia / Ed. and foreword by A.T. Bochorishvili, 3rd edn, Moscow: urss, 2007, 488pp. (From the legacy of Soviet philosophical thought: social philosophy) "Written at the height of the purges, but unpublished for decades, Megrelidze's text is arguably the most significant, erudite and wide-ranging work of Marxist philosophy written in the USSR at the time. Discussing the emergence and development of human consciousness from the origins of humanity to the rise of capitalism, Megrelidze discusses the major achievements of contemporary cognitive science, sociology, philosophy and linguistics in the light of the works of Marx and Engels that were being published at the time. Far from the rigidities of official 'diamat', the book provides an insight into the important debates in Soviet intellectual life that led to the works of figures such as Vygotsky and the 'Bakhtin Circle'"-- Wissenssoziologie (DE-588)4066615-3 gnd rswk-swf Marxismus (DE-588)4037764-7 gnd rswk-swf Historischer Materialismus (DE-588)4025131-7 gnd rswk-swf Denken (DE-588)4011450-8 gnd rswk-swf Denkform (DE-588)4113286-5 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf Knowledge, Sociology of Thought and thinking Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Wissenssoziologie (DE-588)4066615-3 s Denken (DE-588)4011450-8 s Denkform (DE-588)4113286-5 s Historischer Materialismus (DE-588)4025131-7 s Marxismus (DE-588)4037764-7 s DE-604 Skinner, Jeffrey N. (DE-588)1161009701 trl Brandist, Craig 1963- (DE-588)173049370 edt win Megreliże, Kita, 1900-1944 Osnovnye problemy sot͡siologii myshlenii͡a Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-90-04-52590-0 Historical materialism book series volume 265 (DE-604)BV019343535 265 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034126343&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034126343&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034126343&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister |
| spellingShingle | Megreliże, Kita 1900-1944 Fundamental problems of the sociology of thinking Historical materialism book series Wissenssoziologie (DE-588)4066615-3 gnd Marxismus (DE-588)4037764-7 gnd Historischer Materialismus (DE-588)4025131-7 gnd Denken (DE-588)4011450-8 gnd Denkform (DE-588)4113286-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4066615-3 (DE-588)4037764-7 (DE-588)4025131-7 (DE-588)4011450-8 (DE-588)4113286-5 (DE-588)4077548-3 |
| title | Fundamental problems of the sociology of thinking |
| title_alt | Osnovye problemy sot͡siologii myshlenii͡a Osnovnye problemy sot͡siologii myshlenii͡a |
| title_auth | Fundamental problems of the sociology of thinking |
| title_exact_search | Fundamental problems of the sociology of thinking |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Fundamental problems of the sociology of thinking |
| title_full | Fundamental problems of the sociology of thinking by Konstantin Megrelidze ; translated by Jeff Skinner ; edited, with an introduction and editorial apparatus, by Craig Brandist |
| title_fullStr | Fundamental problems of the sociology of thinking by Konstantin Megrelidze ; translated by Jeff Skinner ; edited, with an introduction and editorial apparatus, by Craig Brandist |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fundamental problems of the sociology of thinking by Konstantin Megrelidze ; translated by Jeff Skinner ; edited, with an introduction and editorial apparatus, by Craig Brandist |
| title_short | Fundamental problems of the sociology of thinking |
| title_sort | fundamental problems of the sociology of thinking |
| topic | Wissenssoziologie (DE-588)4066615-3 gnd Marxismus (DE-588)4037764-7 gnd Historischer Materialismus (DE-588)4025131-7 gnd Denken (DE-588)4011450-8 gnd Denkform (DE-588)4113286-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Wissenssoziologie Marxismus Historischer Materialismus Denken Denkform Sowjetunion |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034126343&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034126343&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034126343&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV019343535 |
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