The basics of speech communication:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boston, Mass. [u.a.]
Allyn & Bacon
2003
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVI, 256 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0205335284 |
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024675589 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804148749762560000 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface
xv
1
Why Study Communication?
1
Why Study Communication?
2
Definition of Communication
3
Models
of Communication
4
Essential Components of Communication
6
1.
Source
7
2.
Message
7
3.
Channel
7
4.
Receiver
8
5.
Feedback
8
6.
Environment
8
7.
Context
9
8.
Interference
9
Communication in Context
11
1. Intrapersonal
Communication
11
2.
Interpersonal Communication
11
3.
Group Communication
12
4.
Public Communication
12
5.
Mass Communication
13
Principies
of Communication
13
1.
Communication Is Constant
13
2.
Communication Is TVansactional
14
3.
Communication Is a Process
15
4.
Communication Is Irreversible
16
5.
Communication Is Learned
16
Summary
17
For More Information
18
iii
ÍV
Contenii www.ablongman.comlmdtan
Review Questions
18
Works Cited
19
2
Perception and Listening
20
Why Don t We
AU
See Things the Same Way?
23
Perception and Awareness
24
Perceptual Differences
28
Self-Concept
31
Eyes, Ears, Heart
37
Importance of Listening
37
Kinds of Listening
38
Stages o/ Listening
39
Barriers to Listening
40
1.
Lack of Interest
42
2.
Dislike the Speaker, Disregard the Message
42
3.
Can t See the Forest Through the Trees
42
4.
Faking Attention
42
Improving Listening Skitls
43
Summary
44
For More Information
44
Review Questions
45
Cited
45
3 Verbat
Communication
46
is Language?
47
Principles of Verbal Communication
48
1 ■
Language Has Rules
48
2.
Our Reality Is Shaped by Our Language
50
3.
Language Is Arbitrary and Symbolic
52
4.
Language Is Abstract
53
5.
Language Organizes and Classifies Reality
54
Contents
Language as an
Obstade
to Communication
55
1.
Speech Is Not like Written Language
55
2.
Slang
56
3.
Jargon
57
4.
Sexist and Racist Language
57
5.
SmallTalk
59
6.
Cliché
59
7.
Profanity
61
8.
Euphemisms
62
9.
Doublespeak
62
Barriers to Communication
62
1.
Bypassing
62
2.
Indiscrimination
63
3.
Polarization
63
Improving
Verbat
Communication
64
1.
Actively Listen to the Speaker
64
2.
Check Your Understanding
64
3.
Define Your Terms
65
4.
Use Concrete Words
65
5.
Know the Difference Between Objectivity
and Subjectivity
65
Summary
66
For More Information
66
Review Questions
67
Works Cited
67
4
Nonverbal Communication
69
Wftef
Js
Nonverbal Communication?
70
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
70
1.
Nonverbal Communication Is Fluid
70
2.
Nonverbal Communication Is Fast
71
3.
Nonverbal Communication Can Add to or Replace
Verbal Communication
71
4.
Nonverbal Communication Is Universal
73
5.
Nonverbal Communication Is Confusing
and Contextual
74
VÍ
Contents
www.ablongman.com/mckan
6. Nonverbal
Communication
Can Be Intentional
or Unintentional
75
Types of Nonverbal Communication
75
1.
Space
75
2.
Time
78
3.
Physical Characteristics
80
4.
Body Movements
80
5.
Touch
81
6.
Paralanguage
81
7.
Artifacts
83
8.
Environment
83
Improving Your Understanding
85
1.
Watch Reactions
85
2.
Enroll an Observer
85
3.
Focus on a Specific Type of
Nonverbal Communication
85
Summary
85
For More Information
86
Review Questions
86
Works Cited
86
5
Intercultural Communication
88
Definition of Intercultural Communication
90
History of the Study of Intercultural Communication
91
1.
The Burgeoning Period in the Study of
Intercultural Communication
91
2.
The Study of Intercultural Communication in
the
1960s 93
3.
The Study of Intercultural Communication in
the
1970s 93
4.
The Study of Intercultural Communication in
the
1980s 94
5.
The Study of Intercultural Communication in
the
1990s 94
6.
The Study of Intercultural
Communication:
2001
and Beyond
94
Characteristics of Intercultural Communication
95
Contents
VU
1.
Cultures
Share a Common Experience of History and
Tradition that We Learn
96
2.
Rites of Initiation, For Example, Serve this Purpose of
Socialization into the Community
96
3.
We Share Cultures
98
4.
Cultures Share Common Values and Principles
100
5.
Communities Share a Common Purpose and a Sense
of Mission
101
6.
Cultures Have Common Symbols, Boundaries, Status,
Language, and Rituals
101
7.
Our Cultures Are Always Changing
102
8.
Our Cultures Are Complex
102
Co-cultures
102
Barriers to Intercultural Communication
103
1.
Language
103
2.
The Nature of Perception
105
3.
Ethnocentrism
108
Improving Intercultural Communication
109
Summary
110
For More Information
110
Review Questions
110
Works Cited 111
6 Intrapersonal
and
Interpersonal Communication
113
What Is
Intrapersonal
Communication?
115
What Is Interpersonal Communication?
117
Why Should We Engage in
Interpersonal Communication?
119
Maslow s Hierarchy
119
Schutz s Interpersonal Needs
121
Johari Window
122
Self-disdosure
123
Social Penetration Theory
125
vili
Contents www.ablonßman.com/mckan
How Do Relationships Develop?
128
Coming Together
128
Growing Apart
129
How Do We Manage Interpersonal Conflict?
130
Improving Interpersonal Communication
132
1.
Positivity
133
2.
Openness
133
3.
Assurances
133
4.
Networks
133
5.
Sharing Tasks
134
Summary
134
For More Information
134
Review Questions
135
Works Cited
135
7
Group Communication
137
I>pes of Groups
138
How Groups Meet Our Basic Needs
139
How Atony Members Does It Take to Make a Group?
140
Groups Play by Their Own Rules
141
Problem Solving in Groups
141
1.
Define the Problem
142
2.
Analyze the Problem
142
3.
Establish Criteria
143
4.
Consider Possible Solutions to the Problem
143
5.
Decide on a Solution
144
6.
Implement the Solution
145
7.
Follow up on the Solution
145
How Do Groups Develop?
145
Lifecydes of Groups
147
Why Do People Stay in a Group?
149
Group Members Have Roles to Play
149
Types of Roles
150
Contents
IX
Factors
that
Influence
Roles
150
When Groups Come Together Via Computers
151
Group Members as Leaders
153
How Does One Become a Leader?
154
Autocratic Leader
155
Democratic Leader
156
No Initiative or Laissez-Faire Leader
156
Leader as Technician
156
Leader as Conductor
157
Leader as Coach
157
Summary
158
For More Information
158
Review Questions
159
Works Cited
159
S
Communication at Work
161
What Do You Know Already?
164
What Do You Need to Know?
165
Making
Contad
165
You ve Got the Invitation to Interview!
165
Effective Communication in Interpersonal Interaction
171
Effective Communication in Teams and Groups
174
Effective Communication in Meetings
175
Effective Communication in Virtual Meetings
176
Summary
177
For More Information
177
Review Questions
178
Works Cited
179
9
Mass Communication
180
What Is Mass Communication?
181
Contents www.ablongman.com/mckan
Types of Mass Communication
182
The Development of Newspapers
182
Magazines
186
Books
186
Radio
187
Music
188
Photography
188
Billboards
189
Movies
190
Television
190
Videogames
191
Internet
192
Functions of Mass Communication
193
Effects of Mass Communication
193
Critical Analysis of Mass Communication
195
1.
What Is the Goal?
195
2.
Is the Problem as Important as It Is Portrayed?
196
3.
Is
Тћете
Enough Evidence Presented to Justify the Claim or
Main Point?
196
4.
What Has Not Been Said?
196
5.
Have Sources Been Provided?
196
6.
How Credible Are the Sources?
197
7.
Are the Arguments Logical?
197
8.
Has the Message Tried to Manipulate Me by Appealing to
Emotions or Needs I May Have?
197
Summary
198
For More Information
198
Review Questions
198
Works Cited
199
10
Speech Preparation
201
How to Choose a Topic
203
Factors in Choosing a Topic
203
Write General-Purpose and Thesis Statements
205
Finding Resources
206
Contents
XI
Planning
Your Investigation for Information
206
Searching for Information Via Electronic Sources
207
Getting to Work
209
Getting to Know Your Audience
210
Demographic Traits
210
Situational Traits
211
Organization
212
The Eleven Types of Speech
Strutíures
215
The five Parts of Any Speech
218
1.
Attention Statement
218
2.
Introduction
220
3.
Body
221
4.
Conclusion
222
5.
Residual Message
222
Consider Visual Aids as You Plan Your Speech
223
What the Audience Expects
223
Summary
224
For More Information
224
Review Questions
224
Works Cited
225
11
Speech Presentation
226
What Makes for a Good Delivery?
227
1.
The Delivery Should Create Common Ground
227
2.
The Delivery Should Not Distract From the Message
229
3.
The Delivery Should Help the Audience Listen, Understand,
Remember, and Act
229
4.
The Delivery, and the Speech Itself, Should
Be Flexible
230
Speaking Effectively
231
Speech Anxiety
233
Voice
235
Body
236
Presentational Methods
238
XU Contents www.ablongman.com/mclean
Practice and Preparation
239
Types of Visual Aids
240
Methods and Materials
241
Preparing Visual Aids
242
Using Visual Aids
242
Incorporating Ethics into Your Communication
243
Summary
244
For More Information
245
Review Questions
245
Works Cited
245
Index
247
|
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| title | The basics of speech communication |
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| title_full_unstemmed | The basics of speech communication Scott McLean |
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