In the northern cemetery of Roman London: excavations at Spitalfields Market, London E1, 1991-2007
London's Spitalfields Market was the location of one of the city's largest archaeological excavations, carried out by MOLA between 1991 and 2007. This book presents the archaeological and bioarchaeological evidence for Roman activity here, to the north-east of the urban settlement and the...
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
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| Weitere Verfasser: | , |
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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[London]
Museum of London Archaeology
[2020]
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| Schriftenreihe: | MOLA monograph
58 |
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | London's Spitalfields Market was the location of one of the city's largest archaeological excavations, carried out by MOLA between 1991 and 2007. This book presents the archaeological and bioarchaeological evidence for Roman activity here, to the north-east of the urban settlement and the site of a series of burial grounds on the east side of Ermine Street. Burial began here c AD 120 and continued into the 4th century AD. Excavation revealed a number of ditched enclosures, some used for the interment of 169 inhumations and five cremation burials, some for other purposes. Among the early burials men outnumbered women by five to one, but by the later 3rd and 4th centuries AD a more even sex ratio prevailed. Subadults were well represented, with one area apparently set aside for the burial of neonates and children. The cemetery attracted some particularly wealthy 4th-century AD burials, including at least two in stone sarcophagi, one of which contained an inner, decorated, lead coffin enclosing a young woman. She had been anointed with imported resins and buried in fine clothing, with unusual glassware and jet items. Some burial rites and grave goods are more familiar from Continental cemeteries, emphasising the cosmopolitan and mobile nature of London's population. |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 206-216 |
| Beschreibung: | xv, 221 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9781907586514 |
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| 520 | 3 | |a London's Spitalfields Market was the location of one of the city's largest archaeological excavations, carried out by MOLA between 1991 and 2007. This book presents the archaeological and bioarchaeological evidence for Roman activity here, to the north-east of the urban settlement and the site of a series of burial grounds on the east side of Ermine Street. Burial began here c AD 120 and continued into the 4th century AD. Excavation revealed a number of ditched enclosures, some used for the interment of 169 inhumations and five cremation burials, some for other purposes. Among the early burials men outnumbered women by five to one, but by the later 3rd and 4th centuries AD a more even sex ratio prevailed. Subadults were well represented, with one area apparently set aside for the burial of neonates and children. The cemetery attracted some particularly wealthy 4th-century AD burials, including at least two in stone sarcophagi, one of which contained an inner, decorated, lead coffin enclosing a young woman. She had been anointed with imported resins and buried in fine clothing, with unusual glassware and jet items. Some burial rites and grave goods are more familiar from Continental cemeteries, emphasising the cosmopolitan and mobile nature of London's population. | |
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| adam_text | CONTENTS List of figures.............................................................................. ix List of tables ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ....................................................................... xiii Summary ................................................................................... xiv Acknowledgements Introduction The archaeological sequence 1 2 1.1 ..............................................................xv The cemeteries of Roman London.............................. 1 1.2 The Spitalfields Market project.......................................3 1.3 Circumstances of excavation...................................... 3 1.4 Organisation of the report ......................................... 6 1.5 Textual and graphical conventions............................. 7 1.6 Dating and phasing the burials and the impact of truncation................................................................. 9 Dating and phasing ..................................................... 9 Post-Roman impacts 9 .................................................. 2.1 Geologyand natural topography (period 1)................... 12 2.2 The origin and development of the cemetery, .·· AD 70/120-250 (period 2) .........................................12 Introduction.................................................................... 12 South-western enclosure : a ?non-burial area (OA2) . . 13 The southern burial ground (OA3, S2—S5, S7, S8) . . 15 The western burial ground (OA4, Rl, R2, S6, S9) ... 24 North-western
enclosure: a ?non-burial area (OA5, S10-S14) .............................................................. 28 The central burial ground (OA6)................................... 33 The northern burial ground (OA7, S15-S20)...............36 2.3 The late Roman cemetery, c AD 250-400 (period 3) . . 39 Introduction..................................................................... 39 South-western enclosure: a ?non-burial area (OA2 retained).................................................................. 39 The central/southern burial ground (OA3 retained) . . 39 The western burial ground (OA4 retained, S21—S23) . . 47 North-western enclosure: a ?non-burial area (OA5 retained, S24, S27)................................................ 49 The central burial ground (OA6 retained).....................50 The northern burial ground (OA7 retained)..................54 Funerary and burial practice З 3.1 A new north-eastern burial ground (OA8) 54 A new south-eastern burial ground (OA9) 56 Cremation........................................................................ 59 Pyre temperature and bone fragmentation ..................59 Pyre goods and debris......................................................60 Cremation burial 3.2 VI ............................................................ 60 Inhumation burial............................................................ 61
62 Grave shape and size Grave depth ..................................................................... 62 Grave alignment and orientation................................... 62 Corpse arrangement.........................................................63 Chalk burial..................................................................... 64 Unusual treatment of the body.................................... 66 Bone tumble and decay...................................................68 Other disturbance............................................................ 69 Containers for the body................................................... 69 Burial markers and monuments Informal burial Burial goods 4 .................................... 70 ............................................................... 71 3.3 Animal burials.................................................................. 71 3.4 Post-funeral activity......................................................... 72 4.1 Ceramic burial goods....................................................... 73 Overview ........................................................................ 74 Single vessels .................................................................. 74 Multiple vessels ............................................................... 74 Unguentaria..................................................................... 75 Reused vessels and seconds.............................................75 4.2 Non-ceramic burial goods .............................................75 Personal
adornment.........................................................75 Glass vessels ..................................................................... 79 Coins................................................................................. 81 Footwear...........................................................................82 Equipment........................................................................82 Coffin furnishing and corpse dressing...........................82 The people 5 4.3 Animal remains in inhumation graves...........................83 4.4 Ritual and religious aspects.............................................83 5.1 The cremation burials....................................................... 85 5.2 Inhumations...................................................................... 85 Demographic data............................................................85 Adult stature..................................................................... 88 Health and disease............................................................88 Congenital anomalies......................................................92 Infectious disease Spinal joint disease ............................................................ 94 .........................................................97 Extra-spinal joint disease .............................................. 100 Trauma.............................................................................101 Deficiency diseases .................................................... 110 Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) . . .
110 Circulatory disorders................................................. 110 Neoplastic disease....................................................... Ill vi і
Other pathological conditions Conclusions Catalogue of Roman burials Specialist appendices б 7 8 ................................ Ц2 Overview of the inhumed sample.......................... 112 6.1 Spitalfields within the‘northern cemetery’............. 115 6.2 The character of the Spitalfields burials................. 117 6.3 Questions of status and identity ............................. 119 7.1 introduction................................................................... 123 7.2 Burial catalogue............................................................ 123 8.1 Roman pottery ............................................................. 169 Methodology ................................................................169 Catalogue of selected, possible redeposited burial vessels........................................................................... 171 Decorated samian..........................................................172 Samian potters’ stamps .................................................173 Catalogue of the stamped mortaria ........................ 174 8.2 Glass from non-burial contexts................................. 175 8.3 Accessioned finds from non-burial contexts............... 177 Catalogue of probable redeposited burial goods 8.4 . . 177 Coins from Roman non-burial contexts..................... 178 Catalogue of Roman coins from non-burial contexts (periods 2 and 3 only).....................................179 8.5 Plant remains ................................................................ 180 Methodology
................................................................ 180 Results............................................................................ 183 8.6 The textiles from Bu90................................................. 183 Structural record .......................................................... 184 Context and find-spot ................................................. 187 Discussion.......................................................................187 8.7 8.8 Animal bone................................................................ 189 Methodology ............................................................. 189 Quantification............................................................. 189 Results......................................................................... 190 Human bone ............................................................. 190 ................................................................ 190 Inhumations................................................................ 190 Burnt bone French and German summaries Bibliography Index .................................................................................................... 203 .................................................................................................... 206 217
|
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS List of figures. ix List of tables ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . xiii Summary . xiv Acknowledgements Introduction The archaeological sequence 1 2 1.1 .xv The cemeteries of Roman London. 1 1.2 The Spitalfields Market project.3 1.3 Circumstances of excavation. 3 1.4 Organisation of the report . 6 1.5 Textual and graphical conventions. 7 1.6 Dating and phasing the burials and the impact of truncation. 9 Dating and phasing . 9 Post-Roman impacts 9 . 2.1 Geologyand natural topography (period 1). 12 2.2 The origin and development of the cemetery, .·· AD 70/120-250 (period 2) .12 Introduction. 12 South-western enclosure : a ?non-burial area (OA2) . . 13 The southern burial ground (OA3, S2—S5, S7, S8) . . 15 The western burial ground (OA4, Rl, R2, S6, S9) . 24 North-western
enclosure: a ?non-burial area (OA5, S10-S14) . 28 The central burial ground (OA6). 33 The northern burial ground (OA7, S15-S20).36 2.3 The late Roman cemetery, c AD 250-400 (period 3) . . 39 Introduction. 39 South-western enclosure: a ?non-burial area (OA2 retained). 39 The central/southern burial ground (OA3 retained) . . 39 The western burial ground (OA4 retained, S21—S23) . . 47 North-western enclosure: a ?non-burial area (OA5 retained, S24, S27). 49 The central burial ground (OA6 retained).50 The northern burial ground (OA7 retained).54 Funerary and burial practice З 3.1 A new north-eastern burial ground (OA8) 54 A new south-eastern burial ground (OA9) 56 Cremation. 59 Pyre temperature and bone fragmentation .59 Pyre goods and debris.60 Cremation burial 3.2 VI . 60 Inhumation burial. 61
62 Grave shape and size Grave depth . 62 Grave alignment and orientation. 62 Corpse arrangement.63 Chalk burial. 64 Unusual treatment of the body. 66 Bone tumble and decay.68 Other disturbance. 69 Containers for the body. 69 Burial markers and monuments Informal burial Burial goods 4 . 70 . 71 3.3 Animal burials. 71 3.4 Post-funeral activity. 72 4.1 Ceramic burial goods. 73 Overview . 74 Single vessels . 74 Multiple vessels . 74 Unguentaria. 75 Reused vessels and seconds.75 4.2 Non-ceramic burial goods .75 Personal
adornment.75 Glass vessels . 79 Coins. 81 Footwear.82 Equipment.82 Coffin furnishing and corpse dressing.82 The people 5 4.3 Animal remains in inhumation graves.83 4.4 Ritual and religious aspects.83 5.1 The cremation burials. 85 5.2 Inhumations. 85 Demographic data.85 Adult stature. 88 Health and disease.88 Congenital anomalies.92 Infectious disease Spinal joint disease . 94 .97 Extra-spinal joint disease . 100 Trauma.101 Deficiency diseases . 110 Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) . . .
110 Circulatory disorders. 110 Neoplastic disease. Ill vi і
Other pathological conditions Conclusions Catalogue of Roman burials Specialist appendices б 7 8 . Ц2 Overview of the inhumed sample. 112 6.1 Spitalfields within the‘northern cemetery’. 115 6.2 The character of the Spitalfields burials. 117 6.3 Questions of status and identity . 119 7.1 introduction. 123 7.2 Burial catalogue. 123 8.1 Roman pottery . 169 Methodology .169 Catalogue of selected, possible redeposited burial vessels. 171 Decorated samian.172 Samian potters’ stamps .173 Catalogue of the stamped mortaria . 174 8.2 Glass from non-burial contexts. 175 8.3 Accessioned finds from non-burial contexts. 177 Catalogue of probable redeposited burial goods 8.4 . . 177 Coins from Roman non-burial contexts. 178 Catalogue of Roman coins from non-burial contexts (periods 2 and 3 only).179 8.5 Plant remains . 180 Methodology
. 180 Results. 183 8.6 The textiles from Bu90. 183 Structural record . 184 Context and find-spot . 187 Discussion.187 8.7 8.8 Animal bone. 189 Methodology . 189 Quantification. 189 Results. 190 Human bone . 190 . 190 Inhumations. 190 Burnt bone French and German summaries Bibliography Index . 203 . 206 217 |
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| isbn | 9781907586514 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032548510 |
| oclc_num | 1249668724 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | xv, 221 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20210506 gbd_4_2105 |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateSearch | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Museum of London Archaeology |
| record_format | marc |
| series | MOLA monograph |
| series2 | MOLA monograph |
| spelling | McKenzie, Malcolm Verfasser (DE-588)110347412X aut In the northern cemetery of Roman London excavations at Spitalfields Market, London E1, 1991-2007 Malcolm McKenzie and Christopher Thomas ; with Natasha Powers and Angela Wardle [London] Museum of London Archaeology [2020] © 2020 xv, 221 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier MOLA monograph 58 Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 206-216 London's Spitalfields Market was the location of one of the city's largest archaeological excavations, carried out by MOLA between 1991 and 2007. This book presents the archaeological and bioarchaeological evidence for Roman activity here, to the north-east of the urban settlement and the site of a series of burial grounds on the east side of Ermine Street. Burial began here c AD 120 and continued into the 4th century AD. Excavation revealed a number of ditched enclosures, some used for the interment of 169 inhumations and five cremation burials, some for other purposes. Among the early burials men outnumbered women by five to one, but by the later 3rd and 4th centuries AD a more even sex ratio prevailed. Subadults were well represented, with one area apparently set aside for the burial of neonates and children. The cemetery attracted some particularly wealthy 4th-century AD burials, including at least two in stone sarcophagi, one of which contained an inner, decorated, lead coffin enclosing a young woman. She had been anointed with imported resins and buried in fine clothing, with unusual glassware and jet items. Some burial rites and grave goods are more familiar from Continental cemeteries, emphasising the cosmopolitan and mobile nature of London's population. Gräberfeld (DE-588)4071980-7 gnd rswk-swf Römerzeit (DE-588)4076769-3 gnd rswk-swf Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd rswk-swf Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd rswk-swf London-Spitalfields (DE-588)4658127-3 gnd rswk-swf Gräber & Grabbauten (DE-2581)TH000008203 gbd Londinium [8 G3 UKG] (DE-2581)TH000004177 gbd London-Spitalfields (DE-588)4658127-3 g Gräberfeld (DE-588)4071980-7 s Römerzeit (DE-588)4076769-3 s Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 s Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 s DE-604 Thomas, Christopher 1963- Verfasser (DE-588)1097412563 aut Powers, Natasha (DE-588)1189219298 ctb Wardle, Angela (DE-588)1231259604 ctb MOLA monograph 58 (DE-604)BV043535216 58 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032548510&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | McKenzie, Malcolm Thomas, Christopher 1963- In the northern cemetery of Roman London excavations at Spitalfields Market, London E1, 1991-2007 MOLA monograph Gräberfeld (DE-588)4071980-7 gnd Römerzeit (DE-588)4076769-3 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4071980-7 (DE-588)4076769-3 (DE-588)4129464-6 (DE-588)4071507-3 (DE-588)4658127-3 |
| title | In the northern cemetery of Roman London excavations at Spitalfields Market, London E1, 1991-2007 |
| title_auth | In the northern cemetery of Roman London excavations at Spitalfields Market, London E1, 1991-2007 |
| title_exact_search | In the northern cemetery of Roman London excavations at Spitalfields Market, London E1, 1991-2007 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | In the northern cemetery of Roman London excavations at Spitalfields Market, London E1, 1991-2007 |
| title_full | In the northern cemetery of Roman London excavations at Spitalfields Market, London E1, 1991-2007 Malcolm McKenzie and Christopher Thomas ; with Natasha Powers and Angela Wardle |
| title_fullStr | In the northern cemetery of Roman London excavations at Spitalfields Market, London E1, 1991-2007 Malcolm McKenzie and Christopher Thomas ; with Natasha Powers and Angela Wardle |
| title_full_unstemmed | In the northern cemetery of Roman London excavations at Spitalfields Market, London E1, 1991-2007 Malcolm McKenzie and Christopher Thomas ; with Natasha Powers and Angela Wardle |
| title_short | In the northern cemetery of Roman London |
| title_sort | in the northern cemetery of roman london excavations at spitalfields market london e1 1991 2007 |
| title_sub | excavations at Spitalfields Market, London E1, 1991-2007 |
| topic | Gräberfeld (DE-588)4071980-7 gnd Römerzeit (DE-588)4076769-3 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Gräberfeld Römerzeit Ausgrabung Funde London-Spitalfields |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032548510&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV043535216 |
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