Modele w filozoficznych koncepcjach nauki: = Scientific models in the philosophical conceptions of science
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
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Warszawa
Wydawnictwo Instytutu Filozofii i Socjologii PAN
2017
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| Beschreibung: | 182 Seiten 21 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788376831435 |
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| 246 | 1 | 1 | |a Scientific models in the philosophical conceptions of science |
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| 546 | |a Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache: Scientific models in the philosophical conceptions of science | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804178481284644866 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Spis tresci
Modele w nauce — wprowadzenie do problematyki............ 7
Znaczenie problematyki modelt.......................... 7
Cele i stawiane zagadnienia............................ 17
1 * Modele jako analogie - problematyka odkrycia w nauce.... 23
1.1 Od analogii pomi^dzy modelami do analogii jako
reprezentacji rzeczywistosci poprzez modele - zaryso-
wanie problemu.................................... 23
1.2 Instrumentalna rola modeli w Pierre’a Duhema kon-
cepcji nauki...................................... 27
1.2.1 Uzycie modeli a rodzaje umyslowosci......... 28
1.2.2 Funkcje modeli wedlug Duhema................ 31
1.3 Koncepcja modeli Maksa Blacka...................... 39
1.3.1 Modele w skali i modele analogowe - funkcja
zast^pczych przedmiotów poznania............. 41
1.3.2 Modele matematyczne......................... 45
1.3.3 Modele teoretyczne.......................... 46
1.3.4 Funkcje modeli wedlug Blacka................ 48
1.4 Mary Hesse koncepcja modeli a rodzaje analogii. 52
1.4.1 Funkcje modeli analogowych wedlug Hesse... 60
2. Modele reprezentujqce rzeczywistosc - problematyka struk-
tury wiedzy naukowej oraz operacji poznawczych........... 67
2.1 Modele teoretyczne - wprowadzenie.................. 68
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Indeks nazwisk
Achinstein, Peter 9, 14, 21, 67,
68, 69-75, 76, 77-81, 116,
146, 158
Arrow, Kenneth 45
Bailer-Jones, Daniela 10, 14, 16,
19, 24, 26, 54, 57, 68, 102,
103, 113, 143, 145, 150, 158
Balzer, Wolfgang 105
Barberousse, Anouk 16
Barbour, Ian 14, 70, 143
Bigaj, Tomasz 32
Black, Max 14, 24, 26, 39, 40-51,
64, 68, 69, 143, 146, 147
Bohr, Niels 24, 26, 40, 73, 77,
149, 152
Bovens, Luc 101, 102, 112
Braithwaite, Richard 64
Bridgeman, Percy Williams 62
Bueno, Octávio 21
Callender, Craig 16, 143
Campbell, Norman 26, 32, 48,
151
Carnap, Rudolf 17
Cartwright, Nancy 10, 16, 21,
39, 67, 80, 87-104, 111, 113,
114, 117, 132, 143, 145, 158,
164
Chakravartty, Anjan 75, 162
Cohen, Jonathan 16, 143
Contessa, Gabriele 16, 164
Crick, Francis 8
Czarnocka, Malgorzata 24, 60,
65, 130, 135, 138
da Costa, Newton 16, 129, 143,
164
Duhem, Pierre 14, 17, 26-40, 48,
79, 143, 146, 147, 149, 150
Eilstein, Helena 151
Faraday, Michel 31
Feher, Marta 24
French, Steven 16, 129, 143, 164
Freudenthal, Hans 19
Frigg, Roman 16, 143, 162
Gelfert, Axel 164
Giedymin, Jerzy 151
Giere, Ronald 10, 15, 21, 42, 62,
68, 75, 94-96, 105-130, 140,
142, 144, 145
Indeks nazwisk
177
Hacking, Ian 105
Harré, Rom 14, 24, 26, 64, 143
Hartmann, Stephan 16, 101,
702, 772
Herfel, William 07
Hesse, Mary 14, 24, 26, 28, 32,
39, 40, 48, 52-65, 69, 79,
143, 146, 147, 149-151
Hoefer, Carl 707, 702, 772
Hughes, Richard I. G. 162
Humphreys, Paul 165
Hutten, Ernest 64
Imbert, Cyrille 165
James, William 124
Johnson, Mark 14, 147
Jones, Martin 39
Kaluszynska, Elzbieta 10
Klein, Ursula 67
Knuuttila, Tarja 76, 164
Kopczyñski, Wojciech 121, 162
Krajewski, Wladyslaw 97
Krause, Décio 27
Krosniak, Marek 70
Krzeszowski Tomasz P. 147
Kubicki, Robert 86
Kulvicki, John 162
LakofF, George 14, 147
Leatherdale, William 24
Lerner, Daniel 45
Losee, John 32
Ludwig, Pascal 7 6
Mach, Emst 34
Magnani, Lorenzo 70, 705, 737,
149
Maki, Uskali 762
Martin-Soskice, Janet 24
Maxwell, James 25, 31, 46, 113,
150
McMullin, Ernán 64
Mellor, David 32
Morgan, Mary 76, 50, 777, 144,
150
Morrison, Margaret 10, 76, 27,
39, 67, 68, 80, SO, 707, 777,
144, 145, 150
Moulines, Carlos U. 105
Nagel, Ernest 14, 24, 26, 64, 150,
757
Nersessian, Nancy 76, 70, 70S,
737, 144, 740, 150
Newton, Isaac 52, 113, 114, 117
Newton-Smith, William 60
Niiniluoto, Illkka 07
Nowaczyk, Adam 10
Ortony, Andrew 52
Popper, Karl 28, 139, 153, 154
Portides, Demetris 76, 150
Post, Heinz 78, 79
178
Modele w fllozoficznych koncepcjach nauki
Przel^cki, Marian 10, 62
Putnam, Hilary 124
Quine, Willard von Orman 68,
139
Rassalski, Bozydar 151
Redhead, Michael 14, 67-71, 72,
73, 74, 76-83, 116, 158
Reinchenbach, Hans 23
Rothbart, Daniel 50
Russell, Bertrand 140
Sady, Wojciech 140
Sellars, Wilfried 95
Shorn ar, Towfic 97
Sneed, Joseph 105
Staal, Frits 64
Stegm uller, Wolfgang 105
Suarez, Mauricio 16, 2/, 68, 97,
130-142, 144
Suppes, Patrick 18, 19, 64, 112
Suszko, Roman 10
Swoyer, Chris 132
Tarski, Alfred 39, 64, 86 115,
116, 138, 144
Teller, Paul 114
Thagard, Paul 19, 108, 13U 144,
149
Thomson, William (Lord Kelvin)
31,32, 35, 151, 152
Thomson-Jones, Martin 162
Toon, Adam 162
Trautman, Andrzej 159
van der Waals, Johannes D. 38, 58
van Fraassen, Bas 16, 89, 99, 143
van Rootselaar, Bob 64
Vorms, Marion 162
Vosniadou, Stella 52
Watson, James 8
Wiener, Philip 28, 29
Wolehski, Jan 164
Wojcicki, Ryszard 10, 67, 84, 85,
86,97
Zeidler, Pawel 14, 84-86, 112
Abstract
Scientific Models in the Philosophical
Conceptions of Sciences
This book investigates the main 20th and 21st-century philosophi-
cal conceptions of science, in which models are a founding category.
The category of model is more and more often alleged in philosophy
as — it is claimed - models are significant and effective tools of science,
or because by applying the category of semantic models science can
be explained on a non-reconstructive basis. The category of model is
considered the very basis or, at least, a main tool of substituting neo-
positivistic and even some post-neopositivistic views on science.
In the philosophical studies on models three stages can be discerned:
(1) since the 1960s, the notions of models were being constructed by
reference to the concepts of metaphor (Max Black), analogy (Mary
Hesse) or system of mathematical equations (Peter Achinstein, Rom
Harre). (2) Since the 1960s, the semantic conceptions of empirical sci-
ences have been developed. (3) Since mid-1980s, the main approach
to models has been changed. Firstly, much more attention has been
paid to the reconstruction of the practice of science and actual ways
of applying models within it. Formal semantic constructions, partially
normatively introduced to the philosophy of natural sciences, have lost
their prominence. It is mostly due to the naturalizing of the philoso-
phy of science. The descriptive approach follows the tradition initiated
by Duhem, Black, Hesse, Achinstein, and others. The other reason is
the rejection of the neopositivistic belief that logic is an appropriate
research tool for the phenomenon of science. Moreover, in the third
stage of the investigations problematics of models it is the issue of rep-
resentation which has become the centre of attention. The fundamen-
180
Modele w filozoficznych koncepcjach nauki
tal question of this stage is: “how do models represent reality?”. Apart
from representation, other functions are assigned to models such as
reasoning, explaining, knowledge organizing, clarifying, etc. Numer-
ous philosophers investigate the problem of models in this third men-
tioned way, among others Ronald Giere, Rom Harre, Bas van Fraassen,
Nancy Cartwright and a group of philosophers centred around her -
Daniela Bailer-Jones, Margaret Morrison, Mary S. Morgan, Mauricio
Suarez, Newton da Costa, Steven French, Roman Frigg.
The aim of this book is to consider the roles of models in contem-
porary scientific practice. To realize this aim I analyse and reconstruct
selected, most representative conceptions of science which regard the
roles of models as fundamental and non-eliminable. On this basis,
I propose a typology of models and indicate the relations of models
to some basic issues in the philosophy of science since the 1960s till
today. I demonstrate that the explications of models have altered fol-
lowing the change of issues considered central in the philosophy of
science - from issues concerning the development of science, espe-
cially scientific knowledge, to the issues of the cognitive representa-
tion of reality.
I show and justify how models - as grasped in the here analysed
conceptions - are effective and meaningful, and how these conceptions
give better ways of viewing science than those based on the linguistic
approach to it, i.e. the conceptions subordinated to the linguistic para-
digm. Especially important and of a great potential are those concep-
tions of science which treat models as non-linguistic objects, although
their nature is frequently not explicated in a satisfactory precise way.
I distinguish two main types of models; the criterion of distinguish-
ing is their functions in science: (1) in an earlier philosophy of science
(Duhem, Hesse, Black, Achinstein, among others) it has been claimed
- frequently implicitly - that models play the function of creating
knowledge (so they function in the so called context of discovery);
(2) since the 1980s it is believed that the main function of models is
the representing of reality.
Abstract
181
The diversity of the views on models (together with their classifica-
tions, definitions of models and concepts of science based on various
notions of models) causes a conceptual chaos. So, in order to achieve
the set goal, I have ordered the concepts of models, and revealed simi-
larities and differences between models of particular types. I have also
reduced the types of models and functions of models proposed in the
literature of the subject to the basic, most significant types.
I demonstrate that models are applied to cope with two main
problems and tasks of science: the forming of a new knowledge and
forming of the cognitive representations of reality. To realize the
first task analogue-models and models based on analogies are used,
whereas to realize the second task representationistic models are con-
structed.
The first chapter investigates analogue and metaphor-based models.
The connection between analogue models and the creating of a new
knowledge is also revealed: b ased on anticipated analogies between
models, new models are constructed and thus a new knowledge is cre-
ated. Therefore the introduction of the category of analogue models al-
lows to solve, in a new and non-traditional way, the problem of scien-
tific discovery. Some basic issues considered in this chapter have never
been discussed before. Among them is the following problem: cwhy do
analogue models effectively play the role of creating A new knowledge
and what legitimates their introduction to science?”.
In the second chapter, the conceptions of science including repre-
senting models are examined.
In chapter 3 I comparatively analyse and systematize various func-
tions of models. First of all I investigate the following problem: are two
main types of models indicated in two first chapters and their func-
tions present in philosophical investigations exclude or rather comple-
ment each other. If they are complementary - what I attempt to prove
- then a fundamental need arises to unify these two main types of
models, treated till now as separated, in one all-embarrassing kind of
model.
182
Modele tu filozoficznych koncepcjach nauki
This task is important since in the contemporary philosophy of sci-
ence two main problems, i.e. of acquiring new knowledge (also called
the issue of scientific change or of science development) and the prob-
lem of representation of reality are regarded as separate and considered
in mutual isolation. However, it seems that in order to explain the core
of science, both of these issues should be merged - in the terms of the
unification of analogue and metaphoric models with the representing
ones). Only their connection can explain, or at least contribute to ex-
plain how the science is functioning.
Bayerische
Staatsbibliothek
München
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Mazurek, Mariusz |
| author_facet | Mazurek, Mariusz |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Mazurek, Mariusz |
| author_variant | m m mm |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044915863 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1043217894 (DE-599)BVBBV044915863 |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV044915863 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:04:39Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788376831435 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030309277 |
| oclc_num | 1043217894 |
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| owner | DE-12 |
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| physical | 182 Seiten 21 cm |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publishDateSearch | 2017 |
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| publisher | Wydawnictwo Instytutu Filozofii i Socjologii PAN |
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| spelling | Mazurek, Mariusz Verfasser aut Modele w filozoficznych koncepcjach nauki = Scientific models in the philosophical conceptions of science Mariusz Mazurek Scientific models in the philosophical conceptions of science Warszawa Wydawnictwo Instytutu Filozofii i Socjologii PAN 2017 182 Seiten 21 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache: Scientific models in the philosophical conceptions of science Philosophie (DE-588)4045791-6 gnd rswk-swf Wissenschaft (DE-588)4066562-8 gnd rswk-swf Nauka / filozofia Nauka / metodologia Wissenschaft (DE-588)4066562-8 s Philosophie (DE-588)4045791-6 s DE-604 Polska Akademia Nauk Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii Wydawnictwo pbl Digitalisierung BSB München 24 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030309277&sequence=000005&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 24 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030309277&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 24 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030309277&sequence=000007&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister Digitalisierung BSB München 24 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030309277&sequence=000008&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Mazurek, Mariusz Modele w filozoficznych koncepcjach nauki = Scientific models in the philosophical conceptions of science Philosophie (DE-588)4045791-6 gnd Wissenschaft (DE-588)4066562-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4045791-6 (DE-588)4066562-8 |
| title | Modele w filozoficznych koncepcjach nauki = Scientific models in the philosophical conceptions of science |
| title_alt | Scientific models in the philosophical conceptions of science |
| title_auth | Modele w filozoficznych koncepcjach nauki = Scientific models in the philosophical conceptions of science |
| title_exact_search | Modele w filozoficznych koncepcjach nauki = Scientific models in the philosophical conceptions of science |
| title_full | Modele w filozoficznych koncepcjach nauki = Scientific models in the philosophical conceptions of science Mariusz Mazurek |
| title_fullStr | Modele w filozoficznych koncepcjach nauki = Scientific models in the philosophical conceptions of science Mariusz Mazurek |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modele w filozoficznych koncepcjach nauki = Scientific models in the philosophical conceptions of science Mariusz Mazurek |
| title_short | Modele w filozoficznych koncepcjach nauki |
| title_sort | modele w filozoficznych koncepcjach nauki scientific models in the philosophical conceptions of science |
| title_sub | = Scientific models in the philosophical conceptions of science |
| topic | Philosophie (DE-588)4045791-6 gnd Wissenschaft (DE-588)4066562-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Philosophie Wissenschaft |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030309277&sequence=000005&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030309277&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030309277&sequence=000007&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030309277&sequence=000008&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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