Safeguarding freshwater organisms from chemicals: from the application of evolutionary concepts in ecotoxicology to large-scale risk assessment of chemicals
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Thesis Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Leipzig
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ
2014
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| Series: | PhD dissertation
2014,8 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | VII, 177 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Leihgabe der ,
Senckenberg Gesellschaftj
v fur Naiuribrschung ,• ^
Safeguarding Freshwater
Organisms From Chemicals
From the Application of Evolutionary Concepts in
Ecotoxicology to Large-Scale Risk Assessment of Chemicals n
by
Egina Malaj
from Tirana, Albania
Accepted dissertation thesis for the partial fulfilment of the requirements for a
Doctor of Natural Sciences
Fachbereich 7: Natur- unci Umweltwissenschaften
Universitat Koblenz-Landau
Thesis, examiners:
Prof Dr Ralf B Schafer, University of Koblenz-Landau
Dr Peter von der Ohe Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig
Date of the oral examination: November 14, 2014
Contents
Acknowledgements i
Summary iii a 1 Introduction and Objectives - 1
1 1 Chemical pollution in freshwater ecosystems 1
1 2 Chemical R isk Assessment 2
1 3 Predicting the sensitivity of species using i- volutionary concepts 5
1 4 Large-scale assessment of freshwater ecosystems 6
1 5 Co-occurrence of stressors 7
1 6 Objectives and structure of the thesis 8
2 Physiological Sensitivity of Freshwater Macroinvertebrates to Heavy
Metals 15
2 1 Abstract 17
2 2 Introduction 17
2 3 Methods : 19
231 Database Compilation 19
2 3fe Normalization of the toxicity data 21
233 Calculation of physiological sensitivity to heavy metals 22
234 Statistical Analysis 22
2 4 Results 23
241 Normalization of the toxicity data 23
242 Relationship of physiological sensitivity for different heavy metals 24
243 Physiological sensitivity to heavy metals (Smetai) 25
2 5 Discussion 32
251 Similarities in the physiological sensitivity of heavy metals 32
252 Physiological sensitivity to heavy metals (Smeui) 32
253 Application of physiological sensitivity to heavy metals in ecological
risk assessment 33
3 Evolutionary Patterns and Physicochemical Properties Explain Macroin-
vertebrate Sensitivity to Heavy Metals 39
3 1 Abstract 41
3 2 Introduction 41
3 3 Methods 42
331 Data Mining 42
332 Construction of the phylogenetic tree 43
333 Phylogenetic bilinear models 43
3 4 Results • 47
341 Sensitivity to heavy metals 47
342 Phylogenetic Tree 48
343 Bilinear Models 48
35- Discussion 49
351 Influence of inter-species variation 50
352 Influence of physicochemical properties 50
353 Influence of molecular information 51
354 Implications for ecological risk assessment 51
4 Organic Chemicals Jeopardize the Health of Freshwater Ecosystems on
the Continental Scale 57
4 1 Abstract 59
4 2 Introduction 59
4 3 Methods 60
431 Data mining 60
432 Threshold selection 61
433 Chemical risk calculation 61
434 Acute-Risk Chemicals 62
435 Temporal Variation 62
436 Land Use Practices 62
437 Ecological status 62
4 4 Results and Discussion 63
441 Chemical Risk 63
442 Contributors to chemical risk 65
443 Chemical risk and land use 66
444 Underestimation of chemical risk 67
445 Ecological status and the relationship with chemical risk 67
446 Conclusions and prospective 69
5 How Much do Organic Toxicants Contribute to Multiple Stress in Fresh
water Ecosystems? 75
,51 Abstract 77
52 Introduction 77
5 3 Methods 79
531 General rationale 79
532 Stream network including stream typology and ecoregion 79
533 Stream order 79
534 Habitat degradation and risk thresholds 80
535 Invasive species and risk thresholds 80
536 Nutrients and risk thresholds 80
537 Organic toxicants and risk thresholds 81
538 Combination of data sets 81
539 Data analysis 82
5 4 Results 82
541 Frequency of stressors in the sampling sites and joint occurrences 82
542 Association among stressors and with stream type and order 83
5 5 Discussion 83
551 Stressor occurrence and caveats 83
552R elevance of stressors and management of multiple stress 85
vi
6 General Discussion 95
6 1 Tools in ecotoxicology 95
611 Sensitivity to heavy metals: Applications and limitations 95
612 Evolutionary patterns explain sensitivity to heavy metals 96
6 2 Likelihood, of effects from organic chemicals : 97
621 Effect thresholds 97
622 How much complexity is feasible? 97
623 Minimum Risk from Chemicals 98
624 Ecological status of freshwater 98
625 Multiple stressors in freshwater 99
6 3 Future challenges 100
A Supplementary information for: Physiological Sensitivity of Freshwater
Macroinvertebrates to Heavy Metals 107
A l Supplementary Methods : 107
A11 Normalization of the toxicity data 107
A 2 Supplementary Figures 108
A 3 Supplementary Tables 110
j,
B Supplementary information for: Evolutionary Patterns and Physico-
chemical Properties Explain Macroinvertebrate Sensitivity to Heavy
Metals 119
B l Supplementary Methods 119
Bll Physicochemical properties 119
B 2 Supplementary Figures 121
B 3 Supplementary Tables 122
C Supplementary information for: Organic chemicals jeopardize the health
of freshwater ecosystems on the continental scale 129
C l Supplementary Methods 129
Cll Chemical data 129
Cl2 Concentrations for acute and chronic exposure 130
Cl3 Toxicity data 131
Cl4 Threshold selection for the assessment of chemical risk 132
Cl5 Likelihood definition 133
Cl6 Suitability of reported limits of quantification for chemical risk as
sessment - 133
Cl7 Influence of acute-risk chemicals (ARCs) on chemical risk 133
C 2 Supplementary Discussion 134
C21 Influence of hydrophobic compounds on chemical risk 134
C 3 Supplementary Figures 136
C 4 Supplementary Tables • 140
D Supplementary information for: How Much do Organic Toxicants Con
tribute to Multiple Stress in Freshwater Ecosystems? 159
D l Supplementary Figures 161
D 2 Supplementary Tables 165
vii
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| spelling | Malaj, Egina 1985- Verfasser (DE-588)1067876405 aut Safeguarding freshwater organisms from chemicals from the application of evolutionary concepts in ecotoxicology to large-scale risk assessment of chemicals by Egina Malaj Leipzig Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ 2014 VII, 177 S. graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier PhD dissertation 2014,8 Zugl.: Koblenz-Landau, Univ., Diss., 2014 Umweltchemikalie (DE-588)4117281-4 gnd rswk-swf Umweltüberwachung (DE-588)4278451-7 gnd rswk-swf Süßwasser (DE-588)4058507-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Umweltchemikalie (DE-588)4117281-4 s Süßwasser (DE-588)4058507-4 s Umweltüberwachung (DE-588)4278451-7 s DE-604 PhD dissertation 2014,8 (DE-604)BV035421074 2014,8 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027860016&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Malaj, Egina 1985- Safeguarding freshwater organisms from chemicals from the application of evolutionary concepts in ecotoxicology to large-scale risk assessment of chemicals PhD dissertation Umweltchemikalie (DE-588)4117281-4 gnd Umweltüberwachung (DE-588)4278451-7 gnd Süßwasser (DE-588)4058507-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4117281-4 (DE-588)4278451-7 (DE-588)4058507-4 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Safeguarding freshwater organisms from chemicals from the application of evolutionary concepts in ecotoxicology to large-scale risk assessment of chemicals |
| title_auth | Safeguarding freshwater organisms from chemicals from the application of evolutionary concepts in ecotoxicology to large-scale risk assessment of chemicals |
| title_exact_search | Safeguarding freshwater organisms from chemicals from the application of evolutionary concepts in ecotoxicology to large-scale risk assessment of chemicals |
| title_full | Safeguarding freshwater organisms from chemicals from the application of evolutionary concepts in ecotoxicology to large-scale risk assessment of chemicals by Egina Malaj |
| title_fullStr | Safeguarding freshwater organisms from chemicals from the application of evolutionary concepts in ecotoxicology to large-scale risk assessment of chemicals by Egina Malaj |
| title_full_unstemmed | Safeguarding freshwater organisms from chemicals from the application of evolutionary concepts in ecotoxicology to large-scale risk assessment of chemicals by Egina Malaj |
| title_short | Safeguarding freshwater organisms from chemicals |
| title_sort | safeguarding freshwater organisms from chemicals from the application of evolutionary concepts in ecotoxicology to large scale risk assessment of chemicals |
| title_sub | from the application of evolutionary concepts in ecotoxicology to large-scale risk assessment of chemicals |
| topic | Umweltchemikalie (DE-588)4117281-4 gnd Umweltüberwachung (DE-588)4278451-7 gnd Süßwasser (DE-588)4058507-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Umweltchemikalie Umweltüberwachung Süßwasser Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027860016&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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