Investigations on vegetation, land use and degradation in the area of the Ndoto Mountain Range: a complex approach to state the role of mountainous regions in the drylands of Northern Kenya
Gespeichert in:
Hauptverfasser: | , |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English German |
Veröffentlicht: |
Trier
Geographische Ges.
1999
|
Schriftenreihe: | Materialien zur Ostafrika-Forschung
21 |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in dt. Sprache |
Beschreibung: | XI, 289 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. Kt.-Beil. |
ISBN: | 3921599458 |
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245 | 1 | 0 | |a Investigations on vegetation, land use and degradation in the area of the Ndoto Mountain Range |b a complex approach to state the role of mountainous regions in the drylands of Northern Kenya |c Regine Sigmund und Peter Lentes |
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adam_text | Titel: Investigations on vegetation, land use and degradation in the area of the Ndoto Mountain Range
Autor: Sigmund, Regine
Jahr: 1999
V
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE........................................................................................................................I
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.......................................................................................II
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG..............................................................................................III
INDEX.............................................................................................................................V
INDEX OF ILLUSTRATIONS_____________________________________________________________________________VIII
INDEX OF THE APPENDIX.....................................................................................XI
INDEX
1 INTRODUCTION_________________________________________________________________________________________________1
1.1 The nature of the actual problems..................................................................1
1.2 Scope and structure of the study.....................................................................3
1.3 Reflections on the term of sustainability in the context
of human-environmental systems...................................................................6
2 THE GEOGRAPHICAL AREA OF STUDY.....................................................7
2.1 Physical features of the study area.................................................................8
2.1.1 Geomorphoiogy and geology................................................................8
2.1.2 Climate................................................................................................13
2.1.3 Eco-climatic zones..............................................................................19
2.1.4 Hydrography........................................................................................22
2.1.5 Soils.....................................................................................................23
2.2 Socio-economic and cultural aspects...........................................................25
2.2.1 Pastoral groups: Social structures of the Samburu, Rendille
and Ariaal pastoralists.........................................................................25
2.2.1.1 The segmentaiy descent system.......................................................28
2.2.1.2 The age-set system...........................................................................28
2.2.1.3 Settlements.......................................................................................30
2.2.1.4 Women...............................................................................................32
2.2.2 The Dorobo of Northern Kenya..........................................................33
2.2.2.1 A life as hunters and gatherers - Everyday life of a Dorobo family
before .............................................................................................35
2.2.2.2 The Dorobo under Administration...................................................38
2.2.2.3 The Dorobo at the end of the 20lh century........................................39
2.2.3 Land tenure and land use systems.......................................................40
MATERIAL AND METHODS.......................................................................41
3.1 Empirical methods....................................................................................41
3.1.1 Air photo interpretation and mapping.................................................41
3.1.2 GIS......................................................................................................46
3.1.3 Vegetation surveys and processing of the vegetation table.................48
3.1.4 Soil surveys.........................................................................................50
3.1.5 Field methods for the assessment of degradation...............................51
3.2 Participatory methods................................................................................54
3.2.1 Semi-structured interviews..................................................................54
3.2.2 Air photo interpretation with the local population..............................55
3.2.3 Seminars and workshops.....................................................................56
3.3 Analytical methods and evaluation............................................................59
3.3.1 Soil physical methods..........................................................................59
3.3.2 Soil chemical methods........................................................................59
3.3.2.1 Soil acidity....................................................................................60
3 3.2.2 Exchangeable and soluble cations and Cation Exchange Capacity
(CEC)............................................................................................60
3.3.2.3 Organic carbon and nitrogen analyses...........................................61
THE NDOTO RANGE FOREST RESERVE: LEGISLATION AND
BACKGROUND HISTORY............................................................................64
4.1 The status of Forest Reserves in Kenya.....................................................64
4.1.1 Forest types and area estimates...........................................................64
4.1.2 Management and legislation concerning Forest Reserves..................66
4 2 The Ndoto Range Forest Reserve..............................................................69
4.2.1 Size and forest cover: Comparison with other Forest Reserves in
Northern Kenya...................................................................................69
4.2.2 Trends and constraints in the realisation of protection measures........70
4.2.3 Forestry profile....................................................................................72
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION OF LAND USE SYSTEMS__________________________77
5.1 Pastoral animal husbandry and management strategies.............................77
5.1.1 Pastoral land use and migration patterns.............................................77
5.1.1.1 Grazing and migration patterns .....................................................78
5.1.1.2 Livestock .....................................................................................81
5.1.1.3 Indigenous perception of range suitability......................................83
5.1.1.4 Social organisation structures........................................................84
5.1.2 Changes in the traditional systems......................................................86
5.2 Other utilisation of vegetation and land.....................................................92
5.2.1 Wild food plants of the study area......................................................92
5.2.2 Medicinal plants, drugs and hunting poisons...................................102
5.2.3 Trees and tree products....................................................................................................111
5.2.4 Honey..........................................................................................................jjg
5.2.5 Agriculture....................................................................................................jj j
VII
6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION OF VEGETATION
PATTERNS AND RELATED SOIL PROPERTIES.............................................126
6.1 Floristics and phytogeography.................................................................126
6.2 Vegetation units and their formation........................................................128
6.2.1 Acacia tortilis-woodland/ bushland with Ditosperma eremophilnm. 129
6.2.2 Acacia tortilis-bushland with Indigofera spinosa.............................133
6.2.3 Riverine forests.................................................................................135
6.2.4 A cacia-Commiphora-bushland on the slopes of the
inselbergs and mountains..................................................................137
6.2.5 Acalypha-thicket...............................................................................139
6 .2.6 Montane bushed grasslands of the slopes.........................................142
6.2.7 (Marginal) Croton-forest...................................................................144
6.2.8 Forests with Juníperas procera.........................................................147
6.2.9 Podocarpus latifolius (milanjianus)-forests.......................................151
6.2.10 Grasslands of the higher altitudes (areas above 2000 m),
partly or completely surrounded by forest........................................155
6.2.11 Forest clearings................................................................................158
6.3 Vegetation and soil profiles....................................................................160
6.3.1 Profile 1: KARI-Station Ngurunit - Marmanet.................................161
6.3.2 Profile 2: Arsim - Suruan Plateau.....................................................166
6.3.3 Profile 3: Idealised cross-section through the different ecological
units of the Suruan Plateau................................................................169
6.4 Vegetation map.......................................................................................171
6.5 Vegetation table......................................................................................173
7 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION OF LAND DEGRADATION.....................175
7.1 Background and definitions....................................................................175
7.2 Degradation of vegetation and soils in exploited and secondary
vegetation units......................................................................................178
7.2.1 Degradation of the pediments and footslopes of the
Ndoto Mountains ..............................................................................179
7 2.2 Degradation on the slopes of the lower and medium altitude...........185
7.2 .2.1 Degradation of the Acucia rommzp/itTO-bushlands....................185
7 2.2.2 Degradation of -4in/v/ fe/-thickets. ......................................186
7.2.3 Degradation of montane grasslands.................. . . . .......................188
7 2 3 1 Montane bushed mass lands of the slopes.................................188
7 2 3 2 Grasslands of the higher altitudes (areas above 2000 m) 1°0
7.2 4 Degradation in the forest zone ........... .193
7.3 Hydrologieal situation ....... .......................194
7.4 Synthesis of the results ... . ... . ......... 199
VIII
8 CONDITION AND IMPORTANCE OF MONTANE FORESTS IN THE
DRYLANDS OF NORTHERN KENYA.........................................................201
8.1 Mathews Range..........................................................................................201
8.2 Mt. Kulal....................................................................................................205
8.3 Mt. Marsabit..............................................................................................209
8.4 Other forest areas.......................................................................................212
8.5 Importance ofthe montane forests and soils..............................................213
8.5.1 Watershed function...........................................................................213
8.5.2 Biodiversity and gene resource conservation...................................216
8.5.3 Human uses and economic values.....................................................217
8.5.4 Other uses and functions of montane forests....................................219
8.6 Conservation status of montane forest areas..............................................219
9 SUGGESTIONS FOR LAND USE LANNING ACTIVITIES......................222
9.1 Water management and protection of the watersheds................................222
9.2 Management recommendations for the pastoral sector..............................225
9.3 General management of the Forest Reserve...............................................227
9.4 Agricultural sector......................................................................................228
9.4.1 Adapted crops....................................................................................229
9.4.2 Methods of soil and water conservation...........................................231
9.4.3 Suggestions on the use of traditional food plants..............................233
9.5 Promotion of local trees and shrubs...........................................................234
9.6 Outlook: Consideration of root causes in development and land use
planning strategies......................................................................................236
10 SUMMARY....................................................................................................238
11 REFERENCES...................................................................................................240
INDEX OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Maps
Map 1: General orientation..............................................................................................7
Map 2: Topographic map of the Ndoto Mountains.......................................................10
Map 3: Eco-climatic classification of the semiarid and arid rangelands of Kenya.......21
Map 4: Distribution of the Dorobo groups in Northern Kenya.....................................33
Map 5: The natural grazing potentials in SW Marsabit District....................................79
Map 6: Ndoto Range Forest Reserve - Catchment areas of Ngurunit- and
Saangani River..........................................................................................................................j 97
Map 7: Vegetation map of the southern Mathews Range.......................................203
Map 8: Part of the vegetation map of south-western Marsabit District -
The Mt. Kulal region..........................................................................................................................206
Map 9: Directions of sub-surface water flow......................................................................................215
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spelling | Sigmund, Regine Verfasser aut Investigations on vegetation, land use and degradation in the area of the Ndoto Mountain Range a complex approach to state the role of mountainous regions in the drylands of Northern Kenya Regine Sigmund und Peter Lentes Trier Geographische Ges. 1999 XI, 289 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. Kt.-Beil. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Materialien zur Ostafrika-Forschung 21 Zsfassung in dt. Sprache Degradation (DE-588)4200268-0 gnd rswk-swf Vegetation (DE-588)4187458-4 gnd rswk-swf Landnutzung (DE-588)4259046-2 gnd rswk-swf Kenia Nord (DE-588)4123499-6 gnd rswk-swf Kenia Nord (DE-588)4123499-6 g Degradation (DE-588)4200268-0 s DE-604 Landnutzung (DE-588)4259046-2 s Vegetation (DE-588)4187458-4 s Lentes, Peter Verfasser aut Materialien zur Ostafrika-Forschung 21 (DE-604)BV000005669 21 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008839326&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Sigmund, Regine Lentes, Peter Investigations on vegetation, land use and degradation in the area of the Ndoto Mountain Range a complex approach to state the role of mountainous regions in the drylands of Northern Kenya Materialien zur Ostafrika-Forschung Degradation (DE-588)4200268-0 gnd Vegetation (DE-588)4187458-4 gnd Landnutzung (DE-588)4259046-2 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4200268-0 (DE-588)4187458-4 (DE-588)4259046-2 (DE-588)4123499-6 |
title | Investigations on vegetation, land use and degradation in the area of the Ndoto Mountain Range a complex approach to state the role of mountainous regions in the drylands of Northern Kenya |
title_auth | Investigations on vegetation, land use and degradation in the area of the Ndoto Mountain Range a complex approach to state the role of mountainous regions in the drylands of Northern Kenya |
title_exact_search | Investigations on vegetation, land use and degradation in the area of the Ndoto Mountain Range a complex approach to state the role of mountainous regions in the drylands of Northern Kenya |
title_full | Investigations on vegetation, land use and degradation in the area of the Ndoto Mountain Range a complex approach to state the role of mountainous regions in the drylands of Northern Kenya Regine Sigmund und Peter Lentes |
title_fullStr | Investigations on vegetation, land use and degradation in the area of the Ndoto Mountain Range a complex approach to state the role of mountainous regions in the drylands of Northern Kenya Regine Sigmund und Peter Lentes |
title_full_unstemmed | Investigations on vegetation, land use and degradation in the area of the Ndoto Mountain Range a complex approach to state the role of mountainous regions in the drylands of Northern Kenya Regine Sigmund und Peter Lentes |
title_short | Investigations on vegetation, land use and degradation in the area of the Ndoto Mountain Range |
title_sort | investigations on vegetation land use and degradation in the area of the ndoto mountain range a complex approach to state the role of mountainous regions in the drylands of northern kenya |
title_sub | a complex approach to state the role of mountainous regions in the drylands of Northern Kenya |
topic | Degradation (DE-588)4200268-0 gnd Vegetation (DE-588)4187458-4 gnd Landnutzung (DE-588)4259046-2 gnd |
topic_facet | Degradation Vegetation Landnutzung Kenia Nord |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008839326&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
volume_link | (DE-604)BV000005669 |
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