Possibilities for the realisation of ecological sustainable tourism concepts in protected areas in Cameroon:
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| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Remagen
Kessel
2003
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| Ausgabe: | 1. ed. |
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXI, 265 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 393563840X |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Possibilities for the realisation of ecological sustainable tourism concepts in protected areas in Cameroon |c submitted by Sébastien Luc Kamga Kamden |
| 250 | |a 1. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Remagen |b Kessel |c 2003 | |
| 300 | |a XXI, 265 S. |b graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 502 | |a Zugl.: Göttingen, Univ., Diss., 2003 | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Titel: Possibilities for the realisation of ecological sustainable tourism concepts in protected areas in C
Autor: Kamga Kamdem, Sébastien Luc
Jahr: 2003
_Contents
CONTENTS
Abstract.v
Acknowledgments.vi
List of tables.xv
List of figures.xvii
Acronyms and abbreviations.xix
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.1
1.1 Problem statement.1
1.2 Research questions.3
1.3 Research objectives.3
7.4 Plan of the report.4
CHAPTER 2: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK.5
2.1 Definition of concepts.5
2.1.1 Sustainable development.5
2.1.2 Tourism and tourist.6
2.1.3 Mass tourism and alternative tourism.12
2.1.4 Nature tourism and ecotourism.13
2.1.5 Sustainable tourism and principles.15
2.1.6 Protected areas.17
2.1.7 Tourism potentialities.19
2.1.8 Tourism demand factors.21
2.2 Stakeholders and participation.24
2.2.1 Different intervening parties, interests and potential conflicts of use.24
2.2.2 Participation of local people.26
2.2.3 Participation of other stakeholders.30
2.3 Tourism impacts.30
2.3.1 Socio-cultural impacts.31
2.3.2 Socio-economic impacts.32
2.3.3 Ecological impacts.34
2.4 Conclusion.35
Possibilities for the realisation of ecological sustainable tourism concepts m protected areas in Cameroon
CHAPTER 3: PROCEEDING AND MRTHODOLOGY.37
3.1 Study framework.37
3.2 Choice of the study cases.39
3.3 Study period.40
3.4 Research material.40
3.5 Data collection.40
3.5.1 Secondary data.40
3.5.2 Primary data.41
3.6 Data analysis.44
3.7 Constraints and study limitations.45
CHAPTER 4: NATIONAL CONTEXT FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM.47
4.1 General presentation of Cameroon_47
4.1.1 Economical and socio-political situation.47
4.1.2 Natural conditions.49
4.2 Nature management policies and protected areas.»_51
4.2.1 National policy of natural resource management.51
4.2.2 Legal framework.55
4.2.3 Institutional framework and different stakeholders.57
4.2.4 Protected areas.59
4.2.5 Constraints and conflicts of protected area management.62
4.3 Tourism policies and tourism development in Cameroon.64
4.3.1 National policy.64
4.3.2 Legal framework.65
4.3.3 Institutions and stakeholders.66
4.3.4 Tourism attractions and supply.69
4.3.5 Tourist demand.71
4.3.6 Impacts of tourism.74
4.3.7 Constraints for the tourism development.76
4.4 Conclusion.78
_Contents
CHAPTER 5: WAZA NATIONAL PARK.79
5.1 Socio-political framework.79
5.1.1 General presentation and legal framework.79
5.1.2 Institutional framework and stakeholders.81
5.1.3 Political stability and security.84
5.1.4 Socio-political constraints.84
5.1.5 Summary.85
5.2 Socio-cultural framework.86
5.2.1 Social conditions and use exigencies of natural resources.86
5.2.2 Socio-cultural tourist potential.87
5.2.3 Acceptance and participation in the tourism development.87
5.2.4 Social constraints to the tourism development and park conservation.88
5.2.5 Summary.89
5.3 Natural framework.89
5.3.1 Natural tourist potential.89
5.3.2 Natural constraints.92
5.3.3 Summary.92
5.4 Tourism supply and supporting factors.92
5.4.1 Differents suppliers and offers.92
5.4.2 Infrastructures and facilities.93
5.4.3 Accessibility.94
5.4.4 Constraints in the supply field.94
5.4.5 Summary.95
5.5 Tourism demand.96
5.5.1 Evolution of the demand.96
5.5.2 Typology of visitors.97
5.5.3 Motivations and activities of visitors.100
5.5.4 Appreciation of tourism development by the visitors.101
5.5.5 Difficulties of visitors.102
5.5.6 Potential visitors.102
5.5.7 Summary.103
5.6 Tourism impacts.104
5.6.1 Socio-cultural and socio-economic impacts.104
5.6.2 Ecological impacts.107
5.6.3 Summary.108
5.7 Conclusion_.109
Possibilities for the realisation of ecological sustainable tourism concepts in protected areas in Cameroon
CHAPTER 6: BENOUE NATIONAL PARK.111
6.1 Socio-political framework.111
6.1.1 General presentation and legal framework.111
6.1.2 Institutional framework and stakeholeders.111
6.1.3 Political stability and security.114
6.1.4 Socio-political constraints.114
6.1.5 Summary.116
6.2 Socio-cultural framework.116
6.2.1 Social conditions and use exigencies of natural resources.116
6.2.2 Socio-cultural tourist potential.117
6.2.3 Acceptance and participation in the tourism development.117
6.2.4 Social constraints to the tourism development and park conservation. 118
6.2.5 Summary.119
6.3 Natural framework.119
6.3.1 Natural tourist potential.119
6.3.2 Natural constraints.121
6.3.3 Summary.121
6.4 Tourism supply and supporting factors.122
6.4.1 Differents suppliers and offers.122
6.4.2 Infrastructures and facilities.123
6.4.3 Accessibility.124
6.4.4 Constraints in the supply field.124
6.4.5 Summary.125
6.5 Tourism demand.125
6.5.1 Evolution of the demand.125
6.5.2 Typology of visitors.127
6.5.3 Motivations and activities of visitors.127
6.5.4 Appreciation of tourism development by the visitors.128
6.5.5 Potential visitors.128
6.5.6 Summary.128
6.6 Tourism impacts.129
6.6.1 Socio-cultural and socio-economic impacts.129
6.6.2 Ecological impacts.133
6.6.3 Summary.134
6.7 Conclusion.135
_Contents
CHAPTER 7: CAMPO-MAAN NATIONAL PARK.137
7.1 Socio-political framework.137
7.1.1 General presentation and legal framework.137
7.1.2 Institutional framework and stakeholders.139
7.1.3 Political stability and security.141
7.1.4 Socio-political constraints.142
7.1.5 Summary.143
7.2 Socio-cultural framework.143
7.2.1 Social conditions and use exigencies of natural resources.143
7.2.2 Socio-cultural tourist potential.144
7.2.3 Acceptance and participation in the tourism development.144
7.2.4 Social constraints to the tourism development and park conservation. 145
7.2.5 Summary.145
7.3 Natural framework.145
7.3.1 Natural tourist potential.145
7.3.2 Natural constraints.149
7.3.3 Summary.149
7.4 Tourism supply and supporting factors.150
7.4.1 Differents suppliers and offers.150
7.4.2 Infrastructures and facilities.151
7.4.3 Accessibility.152
7.4.4 Constraints in the supply field.152
7.4.5 Summary.153
7.5 Tourism demand.153
7.5.1 Evolution of the demand.154
7.5.2 Typology of visitors.154
7.5.3 Motivations and activities of visitors.157
7.5.4 Appreciation of tourism development by the visitors.159
7.5.5 Difficulties of visitors.160
7.5.6 Potential visitors.160
7.5.7 Summary.161
7.6 Tourism impacts.161
7.6.1 Socio-cultural and socio-economic impacts.161
7.6.2 Ecological impacts.165
7.6.3 Summary.166
7.7 Conclusion.166
Possiblities for the realisation of ecological sustainable tourism concepts in protected areas in Cameroon
CHAPTER 8: KORUP NATIONAL PARK.167
8.1 Socio-political framework.167
8.1.1 General presentation and legal framework.167
8.1.2 Institutional framework and stakeholeders.169
8.1.3 Political stability and security.171
8.1.4 Socio-political constraints.171
8.1.5 Summary.172
8.2 Socio-cultural framework.172
8.2.1 Social conditions and use exigencies of natural resources.172
8.2.2 Socio-cultural tourist potential.173
8.2.3 Acceptance and participation in the tourism development.173
8.2.4 Social constraints to the tourism development and park conservation. 174
8.2.5 Summary.174
8.3 Natural framework.175
8.3.1 Natural tourist potential.175
8.3.2 Natural constraints.178
8.3.3 Summarise.178
8.4 Tourism supply and supporting factors.179
8.4.1 Differents suppliers and offers.179
8.4.2 Infrastructures and facilities.179
8.4.3 Accessibility.181
8.4.4 Constraints in the supply field.181
8.4.5 Summary.181
8.5 Tourism demand.182
8.5.1 Evolution of the demand.182
8.5.2 Typology of visitors.183
8.5.3 Motivations and activities of visitors.185
8.5.4 Appreciation of tourism development by the visitors.185
8.5.5 Difficulties of visitors.185
8.5.6 Potential visitors.185
8.5.7 Summary.185
8.6 Tourism impacts.187
8.6.1 Socio-cultural and socio-economic impacts.187
8.6.2 Ecological impacts.189
8.6.3 Summary.189
8.7 Conclusion.190
_Contents
CHAPTER 9: DISCUSSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.193
9.1 Potential for ecologically sustainable tourism development.193
9.1.1 Socio-political framework.193
9.1.2 Socio-cultural framework.195
9.1.3 Natural framework.198
9.1.4 Tourism supply and supporting factors.200
9.1.5 Tourism demand.203
9.2 Tourism impacts.207
9.2.1 Socio-cultural and socio-economic impacts.208
9.2.2 Ecological impacts.210
9.3 Indicators for ecologically sustainable tourism development.211
9.4 Critics of the research methodology and research needs.215
9.5 Final conclusion.217
CHAPTER 10: SUMMARY.220
10.1 Summary.220
10.2 Zusammenfassung.226
10.3 Resume.231
References.236
Appendices.245
Curriculum VKea.265
_Contents
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1: Traveller's classifications.10
Table 2.2: Ecotourism and common used terms.12
Table 2.3: Common definitions of ecotourism.14
Table 2.4: Management objectives and IUCN protected area categories.18
Table 2.5: Participation of other stakeholders in sustainable tourism.29
Table 2.6: Potential tourism impacts.31
Table 3.1: Worksheet for the SWOT anlysis.39
Table 3.2: Participation of local people to interviews.42
Table 4.1: Biological diversity in Cameroon.51
Table 4.2: Different types of State forests (protected areas) in Cameroon.60
Table 4.3: National parks in Cameroon.60
Table 4.4: Different types of tourist attractions in Cameroon.69
Table 4.5: Mode of travel.74
Table 5.1: Composition of the personal staff of Waza National Park.85
Table 5.2: Strengths and weaknesses in socio-political framework in WNP.85
Table 5.3: Population activities in the WNP and peripheral areas.86
Table 5.4: Opinion about the development of tourism in the Waza locality.88
Table 5.5: Strengths and weaknesses in socio-cultural framework.89
Table 5.6: Strengths and weaknesses in natural framework.92
Table 5.7: Strengths and weaknesses by the supply sector.95
Table 5.8: Visitor characteristics.98
Table 5.9: Source of information, motivations and activities of WNP visitors.100
Table 5.10: Satisfaction of WNP visitors.101
Table 5.11: Tourist difficulties in Cameroon.102
Table 5.12: Person to whom the visit of the WNP will be recommended.103
Table 5.13: Strengths and weaknesses by the demand side.103
Table 5.14: Evolution of the WNP revenue from 1994 to 2000.106
Table 5.15: Impacts of tourism in Waza.108
Table 6.1: Strengths and weaknesses in socio-political framework.116
Table 6.2: Opinion about the development of tourism in the Benoue locality.117
Table 6.3: Strengths and weaknesses in socio-cultural framework.119
Table 6.4: Natural tourist attractions in four villages around 6NP.120
Table 6.5: Strengths and weaknesses in natural framework.122
Table 6.6: Strengths and weaknesses by the supply sector.125
Table 6.7: Strengths and weaknesses by the demand side.128
Table 6.8: Perception of local people about the tourism impacts.129
XV
Possibles for the realisation of ecological sustainable tourism concepts in protected areas in Cameroon
Table 6.9: Employment in the tourism sector in the BNP and its peripheral zone129
Table 6.10: Revenues from wildlife management in the North Province.131
Table 6.11: Impacts of tourism in BNP area.134
Table 7.1: Strengths and weaknesses in socio-political framework.143
Table 7.2: Opinion about the development of tourism in Ebodje.144
Table 7.3: Strengths and weaknesses in socio-cultural framework.146
Table 7.4: Natural tourist attractions in some villages in the UTO area.147
Table 7.5: Lists of rare and endangered animal species.148
Table 7.6: Strengths and weaknesses in natural framework.149
Table 7.7: Tourist offers in Ebodje.150
Table 7.8: Accommodation capacity in the UTO area and Kribi.152
Table 7.9: Strengths and weaknesses by the supply sector.153
Table 7.10: Characteristics of visitors in Kribi.155
Table 7.11: Source of information, motivations and activities of Kribi visitors . 158
Table 7.12: Tourist difficulties in Cameroon.160
Table 7.13: Visitor expectations of the visit of CM-NP and stay in UTO villages 161
Table 7.14: Strengths and weaknesses by the demand side.161
Table 7.15: Perception of local people towards the tourism impacts .162
Table 7.16: Distribution of job occupation in tourism sector in Ebodje.162
TaWe 7.17: Tourism impacts.166
Table 8.1: Strengths and weaknesses in socio-political framework.172
Table 8.2: Strengths and weaknesses in socio-cultural framework.174
Table 8.3: Natural tourist attractions in KNP an surroundings.176
Table 8.4: Vegetation of Korup and surrounding areas.177
Table 8.5: Strengths and weaknesses in natural framework.178
Table 8.6: Accommodation capacity in Korup and Mundemba.180
Table 8.7: Strengths and weaknesses by the supply sector.181
Table 8.8: Strengths and weaknesses by the demand side.186
Table 8.9: Source of direct tourism revenue in KNP (1998 and 1999).188
Table 8.10: Tourism impacts in the Korup area.190
Table 8.11: Suggestions for sustainable development in KNP.191
Table 9.1: SWOT in the socio-political field.194
Table 9.2: SWOT in the socio-cultural field.196
Table 9.3: SWOT in the natural field.199
Table 9.4: SWOT in the supply field.201
Table 9.5: SWOT in the demand field.204
Table 9.6: Tourism impacts in the studied National Parks.207
Table 9.7: Indicators for sustainable tourism in a protected area.212
_Contorts
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1: Structure of the report.4
Figure 2.1: Mieczkowski's tourism classification.11
Figure 2.2: Ecotourism as a sustainable development concept.15
Figure 2.3: Systematic of tourism potentials.20
Figure 2.4: Analysis structure of tourism potentials.20
Figure 2.5a: Cycle of tourism development.23
Figure 2.5b: Cycle of sustainable tourism development.23
Figure 2.6: Different actors in the tourism development and protected area
management.25
Figure 3.1: Analysis model of ecological sustainable tourism potentials in a
protected area.38
Figure 4.1: Administrative management structure of wildlife and protected area. 57
Figure 4.2: Location map of national parks in Cameroon.61
Figure 4.3: Main tourist regions and organised tours in Cameroon .70
Figure 4.4a: Evolution of arrivals in tourism establishments (1976-97).72
Figure 4.4b: Distribution of arrivals per origin (1976-97).72
Figure 4.5a: Monthly distribution of arrivals (1977-85).73
Figure 4.5b: Monthly distribution of arrivals (1997).73
Figure 5.1: Map of the Waza National Park.80
Figure 5.2: Influential groups in the management of Waza National Park.81
Figure 5.3a: Evolution of arrivals in the Waza National Park (1966-2000).96
Figure 5.3b: Monthly distribution of arrivals in Waza (1999-2000).96
Figure 5.4: Evolution of arrivals in WNP (1994-2000).97
Figure 5.5: Visitors perception of the costs of tourist services and facilities.102
Figure 5.6: Distribution model of tourism revenues in the WNP area.105
Figure 6.1: Map of protected areas in the North Province-Cameroon.112
Figure 6.2: Evolution of arrivals in the Benoue National Park (1983-1997).126
Figure 6.3: Distribution of arrivals in BNP according to the nationality (1993/94)127
Figure 6.4: Distribution model of revenues generated by the wildlife management
in the BNP area.131
Figure 7.1: Map of the UTO Campo-Ma'an.138
Figure 7.2: Monthly distribution of arrivals in Kribi (1998-99).154
Figure 7.3: Size of travelling group.156
Figure 7.4a: Satisfaction of the principal motivation of Kribi visitors.159
Figure 7.4b: Willing to visit Kribi once more.159
Figure 7.5: Visitor's perception about the costs of tourist services and facilities 159
Possibilities for the realisation of ecological sustainable tourism concepts in protected areas in Cameroon
Figure 7.6: Distribution model of tourism revenues in Ebodje.163
Figure 8.1: Map of the Korup National Park.168
Figure 8.2a: Evolution of Korup arrivals (1986-1999).182
Figure 8.2b: Monthly distribution of arrivals in Kribi (1998-1999).182
Figure 8.3: Nationality of KNP visitors between (1991-999).183
Figure 8.4: Size of KNP visitors' group (1998 and 1999).184
Figure 8.5: Length of stay in Korup National Park (1998 and 1999).184
Figure 8.6: Distribution model of tourism revenues in Korup.188
Figure 9.1: Model of decision-making system for the protected area
management.198 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Kamga Kamdem, Sébastien Luc 1962- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)128441216 |
| author_facet | Kamga Kamdem, Sébastien Luc 1962- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Kamga Kamdem, Sébastien Luc 1962- |
| author_variant | k s l k ksl kslk |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV017672087 |
| classification_rvk | RS 46783 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)53425371 (DE-599)BVBBV017672087 |
| discipline | Geographie |
| edition | 1. ed. |
| format | Thesis Book |
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| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | Kamerun (DE-588)4029413-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Kamerun |
| id | DE-604.BV017672087 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-10T01:17:55Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 393563840X |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-010626650 |
| oclc_num | 53425371 |
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| physical | XXI, 265 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2003 |
| publishDateSearch | 2003 |
| publishDateSort | 2003 |
| publisher | Kessel |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Kamga Kamdem, Sébastien Luc 1962- Verfasser (DE-588)128441216 aut Possibilities for the realisation of ecological sustainable tourism concepts in protected areas in Cameroon submitted by Sébastien Luc Kamga Kamden 1. ed. Remagen Kessel 2003 XXI, 265 S. graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zugl.: Göttingen, Univ., Diss., 2003 Geschützte Natur (DE-588)4753984-7 gnd rswk-swf Sanfter Tourismus (DE-588)4199751-7 gnd rswk-swf Kamerun (DE-588)4029413-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Kamerun (DE-588)4029413-4 g Sanfter Tourismus (DE-588)4199751-7 s Geschützte Natur (DE-588)4753984-7 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010626650&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Kamga Kamdem, Sébastien Luc 1962- Possibilities for the realisation of ecological sustainable tourism concepts in protected areas in Cameroon Geschützte Natur (DE-588)4753984-7 gnd Sanfter Tourismus (DE-588)4199751-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4753984-7 (DE-588)4199751-7 (DE-588)4029413-4 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Possibilities for the realisation of ecological sustainable tourism concepts in protected areas in Cameroon |
| title_auth | Possibilities for the realisation of ecological sustainable tourism concepts in protected areas in Cameroon |
| title_exact_search | Possibilities for the realisation of ecological sustainable tourism concepts in protected areas in Cameroon |
| title_full | Possibilities for the realisation of ecological sustainable tourism concepts in protected areas in Cameroon submitted by Sébastien Luc Kamga Kamden |
| title_fullStr | Possibilities for the realisation of ecological sustainable tourism concepts in protected areas in Cameroon submitted by Sébastien Luc Kamga Kamden |
| title_full_unstemmed | Possibilities for the realisation of ecological sustainable tourism concepts in protected areas in Cameroon submitted by Sébastien Luc Kamga Kamden |
| title_short | Possibilities for the realisation of ecological sustainable tourism concepts in protected areas in Cameroon |
| title_sort | possibilities for the realisation of ecological sustainable tourism concepts in protected areas in cameroon |
| topic | Geschützte Natur (DE-588)4753984-7 gnd Sanfter Tourismus (DE-588)4199751-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschützte Natur Sanfter Tourismus Kamerun Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010626650&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kamgakamdemsebastienluc possibilitiesfortherealisationofecologicalsustainabletourismconceptsinprotectedareasincameroon |