Verfügbarkeit: Agriculture, fertilizers and the environment

Agriculture, fertilizers and the environment:

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Hauptverfasser:	Laegreid, Marit (VerfasserIn), Bøckman, Oluf C. (VerfasserIn), Kaarstad, Ola (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Wallingford [u.a.] CABI Publ. [u.a.] 1999
Schlagworte:	Engrais et amendements - Aspect de l'environnement Umweltschutz Düngemittel Landwirtschaft
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	XXIV, 294 S. Ill., graph. Darst.
ISBN:	0851993583

Internformat

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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	AGRICULTURE, FERTILIZERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT M. LAEGREID, O.C. B0CKMAN AND O. KAARSTAD 2005 A 11897 NORSK HYDRO ASA PORSGRUNN NORWAY SUB GOTTINGEN 7 217 869 300 CAB I PUBLISHING IN ASSOCIATION WITH NORSK HYDRO ASA CONTENTS PREFACE IX ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS XI UNITS AND ABBREVIATIONS XIII GLOSSARY XV LIST OF FIGURES, TABLES AND BOXES XX FIGURES XX TABLES XXII BOXES XXIII 1 INTRODUCTION 1 PART I GLOBAL FOOD PRODUCTION AND CHALLENGES 5 2 THE BASIS FOR FOOD PRODUCTION * PLANT NUTRIENTS 7 2.1 FOOD AND PLANT NUTRIENTS 7 2.2 PLANT NUTRIENT DEMAND 7 2.3 BALANCED CROP NUTRITION 11 2.4 NUTRIENT SOURCES 13 2.4.1 NUTRIENTS FROM SOIL RESERVES 13 2.4.2 NUTRIENTS FROM ORGANIC MANURES 14 2.4.3 BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION 16 2.4.4 AERIAL DEPOSITION 18 2.4.5 MINERAL FERTILIZERS 18 2.4.6 BIOFERTILIZERS AND GROWTH ENHANCERS 24 3 THE GLOBAL CHALLENGE - TO FEED THE PEOPLE 25 3.1 POPULATION GROWTH AND FOOD AVAILABILITY 25 3.1.1 POPULATION GROWTH 25 3.1.2 FOOD SUPPLY 27 3-1-3 FOOD PRODUCTION IN DIFFERENT REGIONS 27 3.1.4 FOOD FROM THE OCEAN 29 3.1.5 FUTURE PROSPECTS 31 VI AGRICULTURE, FERTILIZERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT 3.2 SUSTAINABLE FOOD PRODUCTION - CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES 31 3.2.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW 31 3.2.2 SOIL PRODUCTIVITY AND LAND AVAILABILITY 32 3.2.3 FORESTS AND DEFORESTATION 38 3.2.4 FRESHWATER AND IRRIGATION 39 3-2.5 FERTILIZER USE AND DEMAND 43 3.2.6 PLANT BREEDING 51 3.2.7 CROP LOSSES 55 3-2.8 AGRICULTURE WITHOUT FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES - ORGANIC AGRICULTURE 60 3.2.9 WEATHER AND CLIMATE * THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT, THE OZONE LAYER AND AGRICULTURE 65 3.2.10 POLICY AND ECONOMY 68 PART II SOIL PRODUCTIVITY, FERTILIZER USE AND THE ENVIRONMENT 77 4 CONCERNS RELATED TO FERTILIZER USE 79 4.1 INTRODUCTION 79 4.2 SOIL: THE ESSENTIAL RESOURCE 87 4.2.1 SOIL FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT 87 4.2.2 NUTRIENTS IN SOIL 90 4.2.3 SOIL ORGANIC MATTER 97 4.2.4 FERTILIZERS AND SOIL LIFE 100 4.3 SOIL DEGRADATION 104 4.3-1 SOIL EROSION 105 4.3.2 SOIL MINING 108 4.3.3 SOIL ACIDIFICATION 110 4.3.4 OTHER FORMS OF DEGRADATION 111 4.4 NITROGEN 113 4.4.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW 113 4.4.2 NITROGEN: CHEMISTRY AND FORMS 114 4.4.3 NITROGEN FIXATION 117 4.4.4 MICROBIAL CONVERSIONS OF FIXED N 118 4.4.5 HUMAN IMPACTS ON THE NITROGEN CYCLE 120 4.4.6. NITROGEN IN SOIL - SOURCES AND UTILIZATION BY PLANTS 121 4.4.7 NITROGEN LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURE 128 4.4.8 ATMOSPHERIC EMISSION AND DEPOSITION OF AMMONIA AND NITROGEN OXIDES 139 4.4.9 MANAGEMENT PRACTICES TO IMPROVE NUE AND MINIMIZE LOSSES 144 4.4.10 NITRATE AND HEALTH 147 4.5 PHOSPHORUS 150 4.5-1 GENERAL OVERVIEW 150 4.5.2 PHOSPHORUS IN SOIL AND AVAILABILITY TO PLANTS 150 4.5-3 PHOSPHATE LOSSES 156 4.5.4 AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT TO REDUCE LOSSES 157 CONTENTS VII 4.6 THE REMAINING NUTRIENTS - POTASSIUM, SULPHUR, MAGNESIUM, CALCIUM, MICRONUTRIENTS 157 4.6.1 POTASSIUM 158 4.6.2 SULPHUR 160 4.6.3 CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM L6L 4.6.4 THE MICRONUTRIENTS 163 4.7 OTHER ELEMENTS IN FERTILIZERS 166 4.7.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW 166 4.7.2 CADMIUM 168 4.7.3 RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS 171 4.7.4 OTHER ELEMENTS 173 4.8 EUTROPHICATION OF FRESH AND MARINE WATERS 174 4.8.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW 174 4.8.2 NUTRIENT SOURCES AND TRANSPORT 176 4.8.3 EUTROPHICATION OF FRESH WATERS 179 4.8.4 EUTROPHICATION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT 180 FOOD QUALITY, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SUSTAINABILITY ASPECTS OF FERTILIZER USE IN AGRICULTURE 183 5.1 PRODUCE QUALITY 183 5.1.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW 183 5.1.2 NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCE QUALITY 184 5.1.3 PRODUCE QUALITY AND HUMAN AND ANIMAL HEALTH 189 5.2 NUTRIENTS AND PLANT DISEASES 191 5.2.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW 191 5.2.2 PRIMARY AND SECONDARY NUTRIENTS 192 5.2.3 MICRONUTRIENTS 193 5.2.4 OTHER FACTORS 194 5-3 BIODIVERSITY IN INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE 194 5.4 ENERGY USE IN AGRICULTURE 197 5.4.1 FARM WORK AND ENERGY 197 5.4.2 USE OF NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY 199 5.4.3 ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN AGRICULTURE 200 5.5 FERTILIZER PRODUCTION - EMISSIONS AND USE OF ENERGY AND RESOURCES 201 5.5.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW 201 5.5-2 MINING ACTIVITIES 201 5-5.3 ENERGY AND RAW MATERIAL USE IN FERTILIZER PRODUCTION 202 5.5.4 EMISSIONS FROM PRODUCTION 204 5.5-5 SOLID WASTE 206 5.5-6 SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 207 5.6 NON-RENEWABLE NUTRIENT AND ENERGY RESOURCES 208 5.6.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW 208 5-6.2 MINERAL RESOURCES 209 5.6.3 ENERGY - FOSSIL FUELS 211 5.7 LIFE-CYCLE ANALYSIS FOR FOOD PRODUCTION 213 VIII AGRICULTURE, FERTILIZERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT PART HI PRODUCTIVITY AND SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGES 217 6 WORLD CEREAL PRODUCTION - CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES 219 6.1 WHEAT 219 6.1.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW 219 6.1.2 YIELD AND MAJOR CONSTRAINTS 221 6.1.3 FUTURE CHALLENGES 223 6.2 RICE 224 6.2.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW 224 6.2.2 YIELD AND MAJOR CONSTRAINTS 226 6.2.3 SUSTAINABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS 228 6.2.4 FUTURE CHALLENGES 228 6.3 MAIZE 229 6.3-1 GENERAL OVERVIEW 229 6.3-2 MAIZE IN VARIOUS CLIMATES 231 6.3-3 YIELD AND MAJOR CONSTRAINTS 231 6.3-4 SOIL FERTILITY AND FERTILIZER USE 232 6.3.5 FUTURE CHALLENGES 233 6.4 SUMMARY 233 7 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY IN VARIOUS REGIONS * CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES 235 7.1 NORTH AMERICA - CANADA AND THE USA 235 7.2 LATIN AMERICA 238 7.3 WESTERN EUROPE 243 7.4 CENTRAL EUROPE AND THE FORMER SOVIET UNION 246 7.5 SOUTH AND SOUTH-EAST ASIA 249 7.6 OCEANIA - AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND 254 7.7 AFRICA 256 8 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 263 REFERENCES 267 INDEX 287
any_adam_object	1
author	Laegreid, Marit Bøckman, Oluf C. Kaarstad, Ola
author_facet	Laegreid, Marit Bøckman, Oluf C. Kaarstad, Ola
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dewey-tens	630 - Agriculture and related technologies
discipline	Agrar-/Forst-/Ernährungs-/Haushaltswissenschaft / Gartenbau Geographie
format	Book
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spelling	Laegreid, Marit Verfasser aut Agriculture, fertilizers and the environment M. Laegreid, O. C. Bøckman and O. Kaarstad Wallingford [u.a.] CABI Publ. [u.a.] 1999 XXIV, 294 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Engrais et amendements - Aspect de l'environnement ram Umweltschutz (DE-588)4061644-7 gnd rswk-swf Düngemittel (DE-588)4131714-2 gnd rswk-swf Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 gnd rswk-swf Düngemittel (DE-588)4131714-2 s Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 s Umweltschutz (DE-588)4061644-7 s DE-604 Bøckman, Oluf C. Verfasser aut Kaarstad, Ola Verfasser aut GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009057550&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Laegreid, Marit Bøckman, Oluf C. Kaarstad, Ola Agriculture, fertilizers and the environment Engrais et amendements - Aspect de l'environnement ram Umweltschutz (DE-588)4061644-7 gnd Düngemittel (DE-588)4131714-2 gnd Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4061644-7 (DE-588)4131714-2 (DE-588)4034402-2
title	Agriculture, fertilizers and the environment
title_auth	Agriculture, fertilizers and the environment
title_exact_search	Agriculture, fertilizers and the environment
title_full	Agriculture, fertilizers and the environment M. Laegreid, O. C. Bøckman and O. Kaarstad
title_fullStr	Agriculture, fertilizers and the environment M. Laegreid, O. C. Bøckman and O. Kaarstad
title_full_unstemmed	Agriculture, fertilizers and the environment M. Laegreid, O. C. Bøckman and O. Kaarstad
title_short	Agriculture, fertilizers and the environment
title_sort	agriculture fertilizers and the environment
topic	Engrais et amendements - Aspect de l'environnement ram Umweltschutz (DE-588)4061644-7 gnd Düngemittel (DE-588)4131714-2 gnd Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 gnd
topic_facet	Engrais et amendements - Aspect de l'environnement Umweltschutz Düngemittel Landwirtschaft
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009057550&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT laegreidmarit agriculturefertilizersandtheenvironment AT bøckmanolufc agriculturefertilizersandtheenvironment AT kaarstadola agriculturefertilizersandtheenvironment

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