Development of emotion recognition: gaze patterns and recognition accuracy when looking at emotional faces ; an eye tracking study
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| Language: | English |
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2014
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Development of emotion recognition |b gaze patterns and recognition accuracy when looking at emotional faces ; an eye tracking study |c vorgelegt von Alexandra Iwanski |
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| adam_text | Titel: Development of emotion recognition
Autor: Iwanski, Alexandra
Jahr: 2014
Content
I. Preface............................................................................................................................20
II. Theory............................................................................................................................21
1. Emotional development..................................................................................................21
1.1 Definition emotion.................................................................................................................21
1.2 Development of discrete emotions.........................................................................................22
1.2.1 Differential Emotions Theory........................................................................................23
1.2.2 Differentiation theories..................................................................................................24
1.2.3 Internalization model......................................................................................................25
1.3 Development of emotion recognition....................................................................................26
1.3.1 Definition of emotion recognition..................................................................................26
1.3.2 Development of emotion recognition in childhood........................................................26
1.3.3 Development of emotion recognition in adulthood........................................................32
1.3.4 Sex differences in emotion recognition..........................................................................40
1.3.5 Research methods in the field of emotion recognition...................................................43
1.3.6 Face perception and emotion recognition......................................................................44
1.3.7 Eye-tracking studies in the field of emotion recognition...............................................48
1.4 Asymmetries in emotional expressions..................................................................................52
1.5 Development of emotion regulation......................................................................................56
1.5.1 Definition emotion regulation........................................................................................56
1.5.2 Emotion regulation strategies.........................................................................................56
1.5.3 Development of emotion regulation...............................................................................57
1.5.3.1 Development of emotion regulation in infancy..............................................................58
1.5.3.2 Development of emotion regulation in childhood..........................................................60
1.5.3.3 Development of emotion regulation in adolescence......................................................61
1.5.3.4 Development of emotion regulation in adulthood..........................................................62
1.5.4 Sex differences in emotion regulation............................................................................65
2. Empathy and sympathy..................................................................................................66
2.1 Definition of empathy and sympathy.....................................................................................66
2.2 Development of empathy and sympathy................................................................................67
3. Attachment.....................................................................................................................68
3.1 Definition attachment.............................................................................................................68
3.2 Development of attachment...................................................................................................69
4. Mood and anxiety...........................................................................................................70
5. The role of oxytocin in emotional and social processes...........................72
6. Integration...................-............77
7. Aims and research questions of the present study..........................80
III. Methods..........................82
1. Sample and data collection....................................82
2. Research methods......................................84
2.1 Emotion perception...................................84
2.1.1 Emotion Recognition Test.......................................................84
2.1.2 Emotion Observation Test............................................................85
2.1.3 Eye-tracking...........................86
2.1.4 Pattern recognition as cognitive ability..........................................................................88
2.1.5.1 Mosaik-Test ................................................................................................................88
2.1.5.2 Bildkonzepte and Bilder erganzen ..........................................................................89
2.1.5.3 Matrizen-Test ..............................................................................................................89
2.2 Emotion regulation.................................................................................................................89
2.3 Attachment.............................................................................................................................90
2.3.1 Attachment-Strategy-Representation Questionnaire......................................................90
2.3.2 Attachment-Style Questionnaire....................................................................................90
2.4 Socio-Emotional Information Processing..............................................................................90
2.5 Mood ...................................................................................................................................91
2.5.1 Implicit Positive And Negative Affect Test...................................................................91
2.5.2 Explicit Mood Questionnaire.........................................................................................92
2.6 Anxiety...................................................................................................................................92
2.7 Appraisal of Emotional Intensity Test...................................................................................92
2.8 Genetic anaylsis.....................................................................................................................93
3. Procedure........................................................................................................................94
IV. Results............................................................................................................................95
1. Descriptive statistics.........................................................................................................
1.1 Descriptive statistics of emotion recognition.........................................................................95
1.1.1 Descriptive statistics of emotion recognition accuracy..................................................95
1.1.2 Descriptive statistics of emotion recognition speed..................................................... 97
1.1.3 Descriptive statistics of emotion recognition bias scores.......................................... 99
1.2 Descriptive statistics of gaze behavior in the Emotion Recognition Test............................103
1.2.1 Descriptive statistics of gaze behavior: Fixation count..........................................103
1.2.2 Descriptive statistics of gaze behavior: Fixation duration......................................................105
1.2.3 Descriptive statistics of gaze behavior: Time to first fixation..........................................108
1.2.4 Descriptive statistics of gaze behavior: First fixation duration......................111
1.2.5 Descriptive statistics of gaze behavior: Fixations before.............................................114
1.2.6 Descriptive statistics of gaze behavior: Visit count.....................................................117
1.2.7 Descriptive statistics of gaze behavior: Visit duration.................................................119
1.3 Descriptive statistics of gaze behavior in the Emotion Observation Test............................122
1.3.1 Descriptive statistics of gaze behavior: Fixation count................................................122
1.3.2 Descriptive statistics of gaze behavior: Fixation duration...........................................125
1.3.3 Descriptive statistics of gaze behavior: Time to first fixation......................................127
1.3.4 Descriptive statistics of gaze behavior: First fixation duration....................................130
1.3.5 Descriptive statistics of gaze behavior: Fixations before.............................................133
1.3.6 Descriptive statistics of gaze behavior: Visit count.....................................................136
1.3.7 Descriptive statistics of gaze behavior: Visit duration.................................................139
1.4 Descriptive statistics of emotion regulation.........................................................................141
1.5 Descriptive statistics of attachment......................................................................................144
1.6 Descriptive statistics of socio-emotional information processing.......................................145
1.7 Descriptive statistics of mood..............................................................................................145
1.8 Descriptive statistics of pattern recognition.........................................................................146
1.9 Descriptive statistics of anxiety...........................................................................................147
1.10Descriptive statistics of appraisal of emotional intensities..................................................148
2. Intercorrelations...........................................................................................................149
2.1 Intercorrelations of emotion recognition variables..............................................................149
2.1.1 Intercorrelations: Emotion recognition accuracy.........................................................149
2.1.2 Intercorrelations: Emotion recognition speed..............................................................151
2.1.3 Intercorrelations: Emotion recognition bias scores......................................................152
2.2 Intercorrelations of gaze behavior variables in the Emotion Recognition Test...................153
2.3 Intercorrelations of gaze behavior variables in the Emotion Observation Test...................156
2.4 Intercorrelations of emotion regulation variables................................................................160
2.5 Intercorrelations of attachment variables.............................................................................161
2.6 Intercorrelations of socio-emotional information processing variables...............................162
2.7 Intercorrelations of mood variables.....................................................................................163
3. Age, gender, and genetic differences...........................................................................164
3.1 Age, gender, and genetic differences in emotion recognition accuracy...............................164
3.1.1 Age differences in emotion recognition accuracy........................................................164
3.1.1.1 Age differences in emotion recognition accuracy when recognizing emotional
expressions posed by children......................................................................................165
3.1.1.2 Age differences in emotion recognition accuracy when recognizing emotional
expressions posed by adults.........................................................................................167
3.1.1.3 Age differences in emotion recognition accuracy when recognizing low intense
emotional expressions..................................168
3.1.1.4 Age differences in emotion recognition accuracy when recognizing high intense
emotional expressions................................169
3.1.2 Gender differences in emotion recognition accuracy...................................................171
3.1.3 Genetic differences in emotion recognition accuracy.................................................. 171
3.1.3.1 Genetic differences of rs53576 in emotion recognition accuracy................................171
3.1.3.1.1 Genetic differences of rs53576 in emotion recognition accuracy when recognizing
emotional expressions posed by children.......................172
3.1.3.1.2 Genetic differences of rs53576 in emotion recognition accuracy when recognizing
emotional expressions posed by adults........................................................................ 173
3.1.3.1.3 Genetic differences of rs53576 in emotion recognition accuracy when recognizing
low intense emotional expressions...............................................................................174
3.1.3.1.4 Genetic differences of rs53576 in emotion recognition accuracy when recognizing
high intense emotional expressions..............................................................................175
3.1.3.2 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in emotion recognition accuracy............................ 176
3.2 Age, gender, and genetic differences in emotion recognition speed....................................177
3.2.1 Age differences in emotion recognition speed............................................................. 177
3.2.1.1 Age differences in emotion recognition speed when recognizing emotional
expressions posed by children......................................................................................178
3.2.1.2 Age differences in emotion recognition speed when recognizing emotional
expressions posed by adults.........................................................................................179
3.2.1.3 Age differences in emotion recognition speed when recognizing low intense
emotional expressions..................................................................................................181
3.2.1.4 Age differences in emotion recognition speed when recognizing high intense
emotional expressions..................................................................................................182
3.2.2 Gender differences in emotion recognition speed........................................................183
3.2.2.1 Gender differences in emotion recognition speed when recognizing emotional
expressions posed by children......................................................................................184
3.2.2.2 Gender differences in emotion recognition speed when recognizing emotional
expressions posed by adults.......................................185
3.2.2.3 Gender differences in emotion recognition speed when recognizing low intense
emotional expressions.............................................186
3.2.2.4 Gender differences in emotion recognition speed when recognizing high intense
emotional expressions...................................................186
3.2.3 Genetic differences in emotion recognition speed........................187
3.2.3.1 Genetic differences of rs53576 in emotion recognition speed........................... 187
3.2.3.1.1 Genetic differences of rs53576 in emotion recognition speed when recognizing
emotional expressions posed by children................................188
3.2.3.1.2 Genetic differences of rs53576 in emotion recognition speed when recognizing
emotional expressions posed by adults........................................................................189
3.2.3.1.3 Genetic differences of rs53576 in emotion recognition speed when recognizing low
intense emotional expressions......................................................................................190
3.2.3.1.4 Genetic differences of rs53576 in emotion recognition speed when recognizing high
intense emotional expressions......................................................................................191
3.2.4 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in emotion recognition speed.................................192
3.3 Age, gender, and genetic differences in emotion recognition bias scores...........................192
3.2.5 Age differences in emotion recognition bias scores.....................................................192
3.3.1.1 Age differences: Joy bias.............................................................................................192
3.3.1.2 Age differences: Fear bias............................................................................................193
3.3.1.3 Age differences: Sadness bias......................................................................................193
3.3.1.4 Age differences: Anger bias.........................................................................................194
3.3.1.5 Age differences: Neutral bias.......................................................................................195
3.3.1.6 Age differences: Surprise bias......................................................................................196
3.3.1.7 Age differences: Unspecific bias..................................................................................197
3.3.1.8 Age differences: Aggregated bias scores.....................................................................198
3.2.6 Gender differences in emotion recognition bias scores................................................199
3.3.2.1 Gender differences: Joy bias........................................................................................199
3.3.2.2 Gender differences: Fear bias.......................................................................................200
3.3.2.3 Gender differences: Sadness bias.................................................................................200
3.3.2.4 Gender differences: Anger bias....................................................................................201
3.3.2.5 Gender differences: Neutral bias..................................................................................201
3.3.2.6 Gender differences: Surprise bias.................................................................................202
3.3.2.7 Gender differences: Unspecific bias.............................................................................203
3.3.2.8 Gender differences: Aggregated bias scores................................................................203
3.2.7 Genetic differences in emotion recognition bias scores...............................................204
3.2.7.1 Genetic differences of rs53576 in emotion recognition bias scores.............................204
3.3.3.1.1 Genetic differences of rs53576: Joy bias.....................................................................204
3.3.3.1.2 Genetic differences of rs53576: Fear bias....................................................................205
3.3.3.1.3 Genetic differences of rs53576: Sadness bias..............................................................206
3.3.3.1.4 Genetic differences of rs53576: Anger bias.................................................................207
3.3.3.1.5 Genetic differences of rs53576: Neutral bias...............................................................208
3.3.3.1.6 Genetic differences of rs53576: Surprise bias..............................................................208
3.3.3.1.7 Genetic differences of rs53576: Unspecific bias..........................................................209
3.3.3.1.8 Genetic differences of rs53576: Aggregated bias scores.............................................210
3.2.8 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in emotion recognition bias scores.........................211
3.3.4.1 Genetic differences of rs2254298: Joy bias.................................211
3.3.4.2 Genetic differences of rs2254298: Fear bias..................................212
3.3.4.3 Genetic differences of rs2254298: Sadness bias...............................213
3.3.4.4 Genetic differences of rs2254298: Anger bias..............................214
3.3.4.5 Genetic differences of rs2254298: Neutral bias.............................215
3.3.4.6 Genetic differences of rs2254298: Surprise bias............................215
3.3.4.7 Genetic differences of rs2254298: Unspecific bias...........................216
3.3.4.8 Genetic differences of rs2254298: Aggregated bias scores...................217
3.4 Age, gender, and genetic differences in gaze behavior in the Emotion Recognition Test... 218
3.4.1 Age, gender, and genetic differences in gaze behavior in the ERT: Fixation count... 218
3.4.1.1 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at emotional expressions in the
ERT: Fixation count.....................................................................................................218
3.4.1.1.1 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at happy facial expressions in the
ERT: Fixation count.....................................................................................................219
3.4.1.1.2 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at fearful facial expressions in the
ERT: Fixation count.....................................................................................................221
3.4.1.1.3 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at sad facial expressions in the ERT.
Fixation count...............................................................................................................222
3.4.1.1.4 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at angry facial expressions in the
ERT: Fixation count.....................................................................................................223
3.4.1.1.5 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at neutral facial expressions in the
ERT: Fixation count................................................................................................... 225
3.4.1.2 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at emotional expressions in the
ERT..............................................................................................................................226
3.4.1.2.1 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at happy facial expressions in the
ERT..............................................................................................................................226
3.4.1.2.2 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at fearful facial expressions in the
ERT.
.227
3.4.1.2.3 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at sad facial expressions in the
ERT..............................................................................................................................228
3.4.1.2.4 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at angry facial expressions in the
ERT..............................................................................................................................229
3.4.1.2.5 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at neutral facial expressions in
the ERT 229
3.4.1.3 Genetic differences in gaze behavior: Fixation count................................230
3.4.1.3.1 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial
expressions in the ERT: Fixation count......................................................................230
3.4.1.3.2 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at happy facial
expressions in the ERT: Fixation count..........................231
3.4.1.3.3 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at fearful facial
expressions in the ERT: Fixation count.......................................................................232
3.4.1.3.4 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at sad facial e
xpressions in the ERT: Fixation count.........................................................................233
3.4.1.3.5 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at angry facial
expressions in the ERT: Fixation count.......................................................................234
3.4.1.3.6 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at neutral facial
expressions in the ERT: Fixation count.......................................................................235
3.4.1.4 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial
expressions in the ERT: Fixation count.......................................................................236
3.4.1.4.1 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at happy facial
expressions in the ERT: Fixation count.......................................................................237
3.4.1.4.2 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at fearful facial
expressions in the ERT: Fixation count.......................................................................238
3.4.1.4.3 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at sad facial
expressions in the ERT: Fixation count.......................................................................239
3.4.1.4.4 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at angry facial
expressions in the ERT: Fixation count.......................................................................240
3.4.1.4.5 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at neutral facial
expressions in the ERT: Fixation count.......................................................................241
3.4.2 Age, gender, and genetic differences in gaze behavior in the ERT: Fixation
duration........................................................................................................................241
3.4.2.1 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial expressions in the
ERT: Fixation duration.................................................................................................241
3.4.2.1.1 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at happy facial expressions in the
ERT: Fixation duration.................................................................................................242
3.4.2.1.2 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at fearful facial expressions in the
ERT: Fixation duration.................................................................................................243
3.4.2.1.3 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at sad facial expressions in the ERT:
Fixation duration..........................................................................................................244
3.4.2.1.4 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at angry facial expressions in the
ERT: Fixation duration.................................................................................................245
3.4.2.1.5 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at neutral facial expressions in the
ERT: Fixation duration.................................................................................................246
3.4.2.2 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial expressions
in the ERT....................................................................................................................247
3.4.2.2.1 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at happy facial expressions in the
ERT..............................................................................................................................247
3.4.2.2.2 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at fearful facial expressions in the
ERT.
.248
3.4.2.2.3 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at sad facial expressions in the
ERT..............................................................................................................................249
3.4.2.2.4 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at angry facial expressions in the
ERT..............................................................................................................................249
3.4.2.2.5 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at neutral expressions in the
ERT..............................................................................................................................250
3.4.2.3 Genetic differences in gaze behavior: Fixation duration..............................................251
3.4.2.3.1 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial
expressions in the ERT: Fixation duration...................................................................251
3.4.2.3.2 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at happy facial
expressions in the ERT: Fixation duration...................................................................252
3.4.2.3.3 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at fearful facial
expressions in the ERT: Fixation duration...................................................................253
3.4.2.3.4 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at sad facial
expressions in the ERT: Fixation duration...................................................................254
3.4.2.3.5 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at angry facial
expressions in the ERT: Fixation duration...................................................................255
3.4.2.3.6 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at neutral facial
expressions: Fixation duration.....................................................................................256
3.4.2.4 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at emotional
expressions in the ERT: Fixation duration...................................................................257
3.4.2.4.1 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at happy facial
expressions in the ERT: Fixation duration...................................................................258
3.4.2.4.2 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at fearful facial
expressions in the ERT: Fixation duration...................................................................259
3.4.2.4.3 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at sad facial
expressions in the ERT: Fixation duration...................................................................259
3.4.2.4.4 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at angry facial
expressions in the ERT: Fixation duration...................................................................260
3.4.2.4.5 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at neutral facial
expressions in the ERT: Fixation duration...................................................................261
3.4.3 Age, gender, and genetic differences in gaze behavior in the ERT: Time to first
fixation..................................................................................................................................................................................................................262
3.4.3.1 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial expressions in
the ERT: Time to first fixation............................................................................................................262
3.4.3.1.1 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at happy facial expressions in the
ERT: Time to first fixation..........................................................................................263
3.4.3.1.2 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at fearful facial expressions in the
ERT: Time to first fixation....................................................................................254
3.4.3.13 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at sad facial expressions in the ERT
Time to first fixation................................................266
3.4.3.1.4 Age dmerences in gaze behavior when looking at angry facial expressions in the
ERT: Time to first fixation.................................267
3.4.3.1.5 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at neutral facial expressions in the
ERT: Time to first fixation...........................................................................................268
3.4.3.2 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial expressions
in the ERT....................................................................................................................269
3.4.3.2.1 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at happy facial expressions in the
ERT: Time to first fixation...........................................................................................270
3.4.3.2.2 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at fearful facial expressions in
the ERT: Time to first fixation.....................................................................................270
3.4.3.2.3 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at sad facial expressions in the
ERT..............................................................................................................................271
3.4.3.2.4 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at angry facial expressions in the
ERT..............................................................................................................................272
3.4.3.2.5 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at neutral facial expressions in the
ERT..............................................................................................................................272
3.4.3.3 Genetic differences in gaze behavior: Time to first fixation........................................273
3.4.3.3.1 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial
expressions in the ERT: Time to first fixation.............................................................273
3.4.3.3.2 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at happy facial
expressions in the ERT: Time to first fixation.............................................................274
3.4.3.3.3 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at fearful facial
expressions in the ERT: Time to first fixation.............................................................275
3.4.3.3.4 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at sad facial
expressions in the ERT: Time to first fixation.............................................................276
3.4.3.3.5 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at angry facial
expressions in the ERT: Time to first fixation.............................................................277
3.4.3.3.6 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at neutral facial
expressions in the ERT: Time to first fixation.............................................................278
3.4.3.4 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial
expressions in the ERT: Time to first fixation.............................................................279
3.4.3.4.1 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at happy facial
expressions in the ERT: Time to first fixation.............................................................279
3.4.3.4.2 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at fearful facial
expressions in the ERT: Time to first fixation.............................................................280
3.4.3.4.3 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at sad facial
expressions in the ERT: Time to first fixation.............................................................281
3.4.3.4.4 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at angry facial
expressions in the ERT: Time to first fixation.............................................................282
3.4.3.4.5 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at neutral facial
expressions in the ERT: Time to first fixation.............................................................283
3.4.4 Age, gender, and genetic differences in gaze behavior in the ERT: First fixation
duration........................................................................................................................284
3.4.4.1 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial expressions in
the ERT: First fixation duration.......................284
3.4.4.1.1 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at happy facial expressions in the
ERT: First fixation duration.........................................................................................285
3.4.4.1.2 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at fearful facial expressions in the
ERT: First fixation duration.........................................................................................285
3.4.4.1.3 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at sad facial expressions in the ERT.
First fixation duration...................................................................................................286
3.4.4.1.4 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at angry facial expressions in the
ERT: First fixation duration.........................................................................................287
3.4.4.1.5 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at neutral facial expressions in the
ERT: First fixation duration.........................................................................................288
3.4.4.2 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial expressions
in the ERT....................................................................................................................289
3.4.4.2.1 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at happy facial expressions in the
ERT: First fixation duration.........................................................................................289
3.4.4.2.2 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at fearful facial expressions in the
ERT: First fixation duration.........................................................................................290
3.4.4.2.3 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at sad facial expressions in the.........
ERT..............................................................................................................................291
3.4.4.2.4 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at angry facial expressions in the
ERT..............................................................................................................................291
3.4.4.2.5 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at neutral facial expressions in the
ERT..............................................................................................................................292
3.4.4.3 Genetic differences in gaze behavior: First fixation duration......................................293
3.4.4.3.1 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial
expressions in the ERT: First fixation duration............................................................293
3.4.4.3.2 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at happy facial
expressions in the ERT: First fixation duration............................................................294
3.4.4.3.3 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at fearful facial
expressions in the ERT: Time to first fixation.............................................................294
3.4.4.3.4 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at sad facial
expressions in the ERT: First fixation duration............................................................295
3.4.4.3.5 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at angry facial
expressions in the ERT: First fixation duration......................................................................................296
3.4.4.3.6 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at neutral facial
expressions in the ERT: First fixation duration....................................................................................298
3.4.4.4 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial
expressions in the ERT: First fixation duration............................................................................299
3.4.4.4.1 Genetic diffemnces of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at happy facial
expressions in the ERT: First fixation duration..................................................299
3.4.4.4.2 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at fearful facial
expressions in the ERT: First fixation duration............................................................300
3.4.4.4.3 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at sad facial
expressions in the ERT: First fixation duration............................................................301
3.4.4.4.4 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at angry facial
expressions in the ERT: First fixation duration............................................................302
3.4.4.4.5 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at neutral facial
expressions in the ERT: First fixation duration............................................................303
3.4.5 Age, gender, and genetic differences in gaze behavior in the ERT: Fixations before. 304
3.4.5.1 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial expressions in
the ERT: Fixations before............................................................................................304
3.4.5.1.1 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at happy facial expressions in the
ERT: Fixations before..................................................................................................305
3.4.5.1.2 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at fearful facial expressions in the
ERT: Fixations before..................................................................................................306
3.4.5.1.3 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at sad facial expressions in the ERT:
Fixations before............................................................................................................306
3.4.5.1.4 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at angry facial expressions in the
ERT: Fixations before..................................................................................................307
3.4.5.1.5 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at neutral facial expressions in the
ERT: Fixations before..................................................................................................308
3.4.5.2 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial expressions
in the ERT....................................................................................................................309
3.4.5.2.1 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at happy facial expressions in the
ERT: Fixations before..................................................................................................310
3.4.5.2.2 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at fearful facial expressions in the
ERT: Fixations before..................................................................................................311
3.4.5.2.3 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at sad facial expressions in the
ERT..............................................................................................................................311
3.4.5.2.4 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at angry facial expressions in the
ERT..............................................................................................................................312
3.4.5.2.5 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at neutral facial expressions in the
ERT..............................................................................................................................313
3.4.5.3 Genetic differences in gaze behavior: Fixations before...............................................313
3.4.5.3.1 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial
expressions in the ERT: Fixations before.....................................................................314
3.4.5.3.2 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at happy facial
expressions in the ERT: Fixations before.....................................................................315
3.4.5.3.3 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at sad facial
expressions in the ERT: Fixations before.....................................................................317
3.4.5.3.4 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at angry facial
expressions in the ERT: Fixations before.....................................................................318
3.4.5.3.5 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at neutral facial
expressions in the ERT: Fixations before.....................................................................319
3.4.5.4 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial
expressions in the ERT: Fixations before.....................................................................320
3.4.5.4.1 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at happy facial
expressions in the ERT: Fixations before.....................................................................321
3.4.5.4.2 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at fearful facial
expressions in the ERT: Fixations before.....................................................................322
3.4.5.4.3 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at sad facial
expressions in the ERT: Fixations before.....................................................................323
3.4.5.4.4 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at angry facial
expressions in the ERT: Fixations before.....................................................................324
3.4.5.4.5 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at neutral facial
expressions in the ERT: Fixations before.....................................................................325
3.4.6 Age, gender, and genetic differences in gaze behavior in the ERT: Visit count.........326
3.4.6.1 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial expressions in
the ERT: Visit count.....................................................................................................326
3.4.6.1.1 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at happy facial expressions in the
ERT: Visit count...........................................................................................................327
3.4.6.1.2 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at fearful facial expressions in the
ERT: Visit count...........................................................................................................328
3.4.6.1.3 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at sad facial expressions in the ERT:
Visit count....................................................................................................................329
3.4.6.1.4 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at angry facial expressions in the
ERT: Visit count...........................................................................................................330
3.4.6.1.5 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at neutral facial expressions in the
ERT: Visit count...........................................................................................................331
3.4.6.2 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial expressions in
the ERT: Visit count...............................................332
3.4.6.2.1 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at happy facial expressions in the
ERT: Visit count..............................................................................................................................................................................333
3.4.6.2.2 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at fearful facial expressions in the
ERT: Visit count......................................................................................................................................................333
3.4.6.2.3 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at sad facial expressions in the
ERT: Visit count..........................................................................................................................334
3.4.6.2.4 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at angry facial expressions. Visit
C°Unt.............................................................................................................................335
3.4.6.2.5 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at neutral facial expressions- Visit
count..................335
3.4.6.3 Genetic differences in gaze behavior: Visit count..................................................................336
3.4.6.3.1 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial
expressions: Visit count
..............................................................................................336
3.4.6.3.2 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at happy facial
expressions in the ERT: Visit count.............................................................................337
3.4.6.3.3 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at fearful facial
expressions in the ERT: Visit count.............................................................................338
3.4.6.3.4 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at sad facial
expressions in the ERT: Visit count.............................................................................339
3.4.6.3.5 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at angry facial
expressions in the ERT: Visit count.............................................................................340
3.4.6.3.6 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at neutral facial
expressions in the ERT: Visit count.............................................................................341
3.4.6.4 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial
expressions in the ERT: Visit count.............................................................................342
3.4.6.4.1 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at happy facial
expressions in the ERT: Visit count.............................................................................343
3.4.6.4.2 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at fearful facial
expressions in the ERT: Visit count.............................................................................344
3.4.6.4.3 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at sad facial
expressions in the ERT: Visit count.............................................................................345
3.4.6.4.4 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at angry facial
expressions in the ERT: Visit count.............................................................................345
3.4.6.4.5 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at neutral facial
expressions in the ERT: Visit count.............................................................................346
3.4.7 Age, gender and genetic differences in gaze behavior in the ERT: Visit duration.....347
3.4.7.1 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial expressions in the
ERT: Visit duration......................................................................................................347
3.4.7.1.1 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at happy facial expressions in the
ERT: Visit duration......................................................................................................348
3.4.7.1.2 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at fearful facial expressions in the
ERT: Visit duration......................................................................................................349
3.4.7.1.3 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at sad facial expressions in the ERT:
Visit duration................................................................................................................350
3.4.7.1.4 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at angry facial expressions in the
ERT: Visit duration......................................................................................................351
3.4.7.1.5 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at neutral facial expressions in the
ERT: Visit duration......................................................................................................352
3.4.7.2 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial expressions
in the ERT: Visit Duration...........................................................................................353
3.4.7.2.1 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at happy facial expressions in the
ERT: Visit duration......................................................................................................353
3.4.7.2.2 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at fearful facial expressions in the
ERT: Visit duration......................................................................................................354
3.4.7.2.3 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at sad facial expressions in the
ERT: Visit duration..................................................355
3.4.7.2.4 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at angry facial expressions in the
ERT: Visit duration......................................................................................................356
3.4.7.2.5 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at neutral facial expressions: Visit
duration..............................................356
3.4.7.3 Genetic differences in gaze behavior: Visit duration...................................................357
3.4.7.3.1 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial
expressions in the ERT: Visit duration.........................................................................337
3.4.7.3.2 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at happy facial
expressions in the ERT: Visit duration.........................................................................358
3.4.7.3.3 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at fearful facial
expressions in the ERT: Visit duration.........................................................................359
3.4.7.3.4 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at sad facial
expressions in the ERT: Visit duration.........................................................................360
3.4.7.3.5 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at angry facial
expressions in the ERT: Visit duration.........................................................................361
3.4.7.3.6 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at neutral facial
expressions in the ERT: Visit duration.........................................................................362
3.4.7.4 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial
expressions in the ERT: Visit duration.........................................................................363
3.4.7.4.1 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at happy facial
expressions in the ERT: Visit duration.........................................................................364
3.4.7.4.2 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at fearful facial
expressions in the ERT: Visit duration.........................................................................365
3.4.7.4.3 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at sad facial
expressions in the ERT: Visit duration.........................................................................366
3.4.7.4.4 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at angry facial
expressions in the ERT: Visit duration.........................................................................366
3.4.7.4.5 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at neutral facial
expressions in the ERT: Visit duration........................367
3.5 Age, gender, and genetic differences in gaze behavior in the Emotion Observation Test... 368
3.5.1 Age, gender, and genetic differences in gaze behavior in the EOT: Fixation count... 368
3.5.1.1 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial expressions in the
EOT: Fixation count.............368
3.5.1.2 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial expressions in the
EOT.......................369
3.5.1.3 Genetic differences in gaze behavior: Fixation count............................. 370
3.5.1.3.1 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial
expressions in the EOT: Fixation count..................370
3.5.1.3.2 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial
expressions in the EOT: Fixation count.......................................................................371
3.5.2 Age, gender and genetic differences in gaze behavior in the EOT: Fixation duration. 372
3.5.2.1 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial expressions in the
EOT: Fixation duration................................................................................................372
3.5.2.2 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial expressions in the
EOT..............................................................................................................................373
3.5.2.3 Genetic differences in gaze behavior: Fixation duration..............................................373
3.5.2.3.1 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial
expressions in the EOT: Fixation duration...................................................................374
3.5.2.3.2 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial
expressions in the EOT: Fixation duration...................................................................374
3.5.3 Age, gender, and genetic differences in gaze behavior in the EOT: Time to first
fixation.........................................................................................................................374
3.5.3.1 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial expressions in the
EOT: Time to first fixation...........................................................................................374
3.5.3.2 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial expressions
in the EOT....................................................................................................................375
3.5.3.3 Genetic differences in gaze behavior: Time to first fixation........................................376
3.5.3.3.1 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial
expressions in the EOT: Time to first fixation.............................................................376
3.5.3.3.2 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial
expressions in the EOT: Time to first fixation.............................................................376
3.5.4 Age, gender, and genetic differences in gaze behavior in the EOT: First fixation
duration........................................................................................................................377
3.5.4.1 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial expressions in the
EOT: First fixation duration.........................................................................................377
3.5.4.2 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial expressions
in the EOT....................................................................................................................378
3.5.4.3 Genetic differences in gaze behavior: First fixation duration......................................378
3.5.4.3.1 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial
expressions in the EOT: First fixation duration...........................................................378
3.5.4.3.2 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial
expressions in the EOT: First fixation duration...........................................................379
3.5.5 Age, gender and genetic differences in gaze behavior in the EOT: Fixations before.. 380
3.5.5.1 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial expressions in
the EOT: Fixations before............................................................................................380
3.5.5.2 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial expressions
in the EOT....................................................................................................................381
3.5.5.3 Genetic differences in gaze behavior: Fixations before...............................................381
3.5.5.3.1 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial
expressions in the EOT: Fixations before....................................................................382
3.5.5.3.2 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial
expressions in the EOT: Fixations before....................................................................382
3.5.6 Age, gender and genetic differences in gaze behavior in the EOT: Visit count..........382
3.5.6.1 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial expressions in the
EOT: Visit Count.........................................................................................................382
3.5.6.2 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial expressions
in the EOT: Visit Count...............................................................................................383
3.5.6.3 Genetic differences in gaze behavior. Visit count........................................................384
3.5.6.3.1 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial
expressions in the EOT: Visit count.............................................................................384
3.5.6.3.2 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial
expressions in the EOT: Visit count.............................................................................384
3.5.7 Age, gender, and genetic differences in gaze behavior in the EOT: Visit duration .... 385
3.5.7.1 Age differences in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial expressions in
the EOT: Visit duration................................................................................................385
3.5.7.2 Gender differences in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial expressions
in the EOT: Visit duration............................................................................................386
3.5.7.3 Genetic differences in gaze behavior : Visit duration..................................................387
3.5.7.3.1 Genetic differences of rs53576 in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial
expressions in the EOT: Visit duration........................................................................387
3.5.7.3.2 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in gaze behavior when looking at emotional facial
expressions in the EOT: Visit duration........................................................................388
3.6 Age, gender, and genetic differences in emotion regulation................................................388
3.6.1 Age effects in experienced emotionality......................................................................388
3.6.2 Gender effects in experienced emotionality.................................................................390
3.6.3 Genetic differences in experienced emotionality.........................................................390
3.6.3.1 Genetic differences of rs53576 in experienced emotionality.......................................390
3.6.3.2 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in experienced emotionality...................................391
3.6.4 Relations between experienced emotionality and regulation strategy use 392
3.6.5 Age, gender, and genetic differences in emotion regulation strategies....................... 393
3.6.5.1 Age differences in emotion regulation strategies......................................................................393
3.6.4.1.1 Age differences in emotion regulation strategies: Adpative regulation............... 393
3.6.4.1.2 Age differences in emotion regulation strategies: Social support seeking...................394
3.6.4.1.3 Age differences in emotion regulation strategies: Passivity........................................................395
3.6.4.1.4 Age differences in emotion regulation strategies: Avoidance............................. 397
3.6.4.1.5 Age differences in emotion regulation strategies: Expressive suppression..................398
3.6.4.1.6 Age differences in emotion regulation strategies: Dysfunctional rumination..............400
3.6.4.1.7 Age differences in emotion regulation strategies: Deregulation................................401
3.6.5.2 Gender differences in emotion regulation strategies....................................................403
3.6.4.2.1 Gender differences in emotion regulation strategies: Adaptive regulation..................403
3.6.4.2.2 Gender differences in emotion regulation strategies: Social support seeking..............404
3.6.4.2.3 Gender differences in emotion regulation strategies: Passivity...................................405
3.6.4.2.4 Gender differences in emotion regulation strategies: Avoidance.................................406
3.6.4.2.5 Gender differences in emotion regulation strategies: Expressive suppression.............407
3.6.4.2.6 Gender differences in emotion regulation strategies: Dysfunctional rumination.........407
3.6.4.2.7 Gender differences in emotion regulation strategies: Dysregulation...........................408
3.6.5.3 Genetic differences in emotion regulation strategies...................................................409
3.6.5.3.1 Genetic differences of rs53576 in emotion regulation strategies.................................409
3.6.5.3.1.1 Genetic differences of rs53576: Adaptive regulation..............................................409
3.6.5.3.1.2 Genetic differences of rs53576: Social support seeking..........................................410
3.6.5.3.1.3 Genetic differences of rs53576: Passivity...............................................................411
3.6.5.3.1.4 Genetic differences of rs53576: Avoidance............................................................412
3.6.5.3.1.5 Genetic differences of rs53576: Expressive suppression........................................413
3.6.5.3.1.6 Genetic differences of rs53576: Dysfunctional rumination.....................................414
3.6.5.3.1.7 Genetic differences of rs53576: Dysregulation.......................................................415
3.6.5.3.2 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in emotion regulation strategies.............................416
3.6.5.3.2.1 Genetic differences of rs2254298: Adaptive regulation..........................................416
3.6.5.3.2.2 Genetic differences of rs2254298: Social support seeking......................................417
3.6.5.3.2.3 Genetic differences of rs2254298: Passivity...........................................................418
3.6.5.3.2.4 Genetic differences of rs2254298: Avoidance........................................................419
3.6.5.3.2.5 Genetic differences of rs2254298: Expressive suppression....................................419
3.6.5.3.2.6 Genetic differences of rs2254298: Dysfunctional rumination.................................420
3.6.5.3.2.7 Genetic differences of rs2254298: Dysregulation...................................................421
3.7 Age, gender, and genetic differences in attachment............................................................422
3.7.1 Age differences in attachment......................................................................................422
3.7.2 Gender differences in attachment.................................................................................424
3.7.3 Genetic differences in attachment................................................................................424
3.7.3.1 Genetic differences of rs53576 in attachment..............................................................425
3.7.3.2 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in attachment..........................................................425
3.8 Age, gender, and genetic differences in socio-emotional information processing..............426
3.8.1 Age differences in socio-emotional information processing........................................426
3.8.2 Gender differences in socio-emotional processing......................................................427
3.8.3 Genetic differences in socio-emotional information processing..................................427
3.8.3.1 Genetic differences of rs53576 in socio-emotional information processing................428
3.8.3.2 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in socio-emotional information processing............429
3.9 Age, gender and genetic differences in mood...........................429
3.9.1 Age, gender and genetic differences in explicit mood....................429
3.9.1.1 Age differences in explicit mood.................................................................................429
3.9.1.2 Gender differences in explicit mood............................................................................430
3.9.1.3 Genetic differences in explicit mood............................................................................431
3.9.1.3.1 Genetic differences of rs53576 in explicit mood.........................................................431
3.9.1.3.2 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in explicit mood.....................................................432
3.9.2 Age, gender, and genetic differences in implicit mood...............................................432
3.9.2.1 Age differences in implicit mood.................................................................................433
3.9.2.2 Gender differences in implicit mood............................................................................433
3.9.3 Genetic differences in implicit mood...........................................................................434
3.9.5.1 Genetic differences of rs53576 in implicit mood.........................................................434
3.9.5.2 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in implicit mood.....................................................435
3.10Age, gender, and genetic differences in state and trait anxiety............................................435
3.10.1 Age differences in state and trait anxiety.....................................................................435
3.10.2 Gender differences in state and trait anxiety................................................................436
3.10.5 Genetic differences in state and trait anxiety...............................................................436
3.10.5.1 Genetic differences of rs53576 in state and trait anxiety.............................................436
3.10.5.2 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in state and trait anxiety.........................................437
3.11. 1 Age differences in perception of emotional intensities................................................438
3.11.2 Gender differences in perception of emotional intensities...........................................440
3.11.3 Genetic differences in perception of emotional intensities..........................................440
3.11.3.1 Genetic differences of rs53576 in perception of emotional intensities........................440
3.11.3.2 Genetic differences of rs2254298 in perception of emotional intensities....................442
3.11.4 Mirroring effect on the perception of emotional intensities.........................................443
4. Correlational analyses..........................................446
4.1.1 Correlations between emotion recognition accuracy, emotion recognition speed, and
emotion recognition bias...........................................446
4.2 Correlations between emotion recognition accuracy and gaze behavior...................... 449
4.2.1 Recognition accuracy and gaze behavior when recognizing joy............................... 449
4.2.2 Recognition accuracy and gaze behavior when recognizing fear................................456
4.2.1 Recognition accuracy and gaze behavior when recognizing sadness.............. 461
4.2.4 Recognition accuracy and gaze behavior when recognizing anger..............................467
4.2.5 Recognition accuracy and gaze behavior when recognizing neutral facial
expressions..........................................473
4.3 Correlations between emotion recognition accuracy and emotion regulation.....................479
4.4 Correlations between emotion recognition accuracy and attachment..................................482
4.5 Correlations between emotion recognition accuracy and socio-emotional-information
processing.....................................................................................................................483
4.6 Correlations between emotion recognition accuracy and mood..........................................483
4.7 Correlations between emotion recognition accuracy and pattern recognition.....................484
4.8 Correlations between emotion recognition accuracy and anxiety........................................485
5. Prediction of emotion recognition accuracy.................................................................485
V. Discussion....................................................................................................................487
1. Discussion of sample and methodological approach....................................................487
2. Discussion of results.....................................................................................................490
2.1 Are there developmental changes in emotion recognition from childhood to old age?.......491
2.2 Are there age-differences in gaze behavior while looking at emotional facial
expressions?.................................................................................................................497
2.3 Are there gender differences in emotion recognition accuracy and gaze behavior?............499
2.4 Are there molecular genetic differences (influencing the oxytocin level) in emotion
recognition and gaze behavior?....................................................................................503
2.5 Is the participants gaze behavior related to their emotion recognition accuracy, and are
there emotion-specific differences?..............................................................................506
2.6 Are there associations of emotion regulation, attachment, empathy and sympathy,
explicit or implicit mood, state or trait anxiety, or pattern recognition to emotion
recognition accuracy?...................................................................................................508
3. Limitations, research perspective, and conclusions.....................................................511
VI. Literature......................................................................................................................512
VII. List of figures and tables..............................................................................................531
VIII. Appendix......................................................................................................................550
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Iwanski, Alexandra |
| author_GND | (DE-588)105366351X |
| author_facet | Iwanski, Alexandra |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Iwanski, Alexandra |
| author_variant | a i ai |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV042626710 |
| classification_rvk | CQ 5200 |
| classification_tum | PSY 205f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)888459238 (DE-599)BSZ433877901 |
| dewey-full | 152.14 |
| dewey-hundreds | 100 - Philosophy & psychology |
| dewey-ones | 152 - Perception, movement, emotions & drives |
| dewey-raw | 152.14 |
| dewey-search | 152.14 |
| dewey-sort | 3152.14 |
| dewey-tens | 150 - Psychology |
| discipline | Psychologie |
| format | Thesis Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| id | DE-604.BV042626710 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T07:06:13Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028059350 |
| oclc_num | 888459238 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-824 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-12 DE-188 DE-739 DE-29T DE-384 |
| owner_facet | DE-824 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-12 DE-188 DE-739 DE-29T DE-384 |
| physical | 551 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateSearch | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Iwanski, Alexandra Verfasser (DE-588)105366351X aut Development of emotion recognition gaze patterns and recognition accuracy when looking at emotional faces ; an eye tracking study vorgelegt von Alexandra Iwanski 2014 551 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Wuppertal, Univ., Diss., 2014 Interpersonale Wahrnehmung (DE-588)4072903-5 gnd rswk-swf Interaktion (DE-588)4027266-7 gnd rswk-swf Affektive Entwicklung (DE-588)4141552-8 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Interpersonale Wahrnehmung (DE-588)4072903-5 s Affektive Entwicklung (DE-588)4141552-8 s Interaktion (DE-588)4027266-7 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028059350&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Iwanski, Alexandra Development of emotion recognition gaze patterns and recognition accuracy when looking at emotional faces ; an eye tracking study Interpersonale Wahrnehmung (DE-588)4072903-5 gnd Interaktion (DE-588)4027266-7 gnd Affektive Entwicklung (DE-588)4141552-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4072903-5 (DE-588)4027266-7 (DE-588)4141552-8 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Development of emotion recognition gaze patterns and recognition accuracy when looking at emotional faces ; an eye tracking study |
| title_auth | Development of emotion recognition gaze patterns and recognition accuracy when looking at emotional faces ; an eye tracking study |
| title_exact_search | Development of emotion recognition gaze patterns and recognition accuracy when looking at emotional faces ; an eye tracking study |
| title_full | Development of emotion recognition gaze patterns and recognition accuracy when looking at emotional faces ; an eye tracking study vorgelegt von Alexandra Iwanski |
| title_fullStr | Development of emotion recognition gaze patterns and recognition accuracy when looking at emotional faces ; an eye tracking study vorgelegt von Alexandra Iwanski |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of emotion recognition gaze patterns and recognition accuracy when looking at emotional faces ; an eye tracking study vorgelegt von Alexandra Iwanski |
| title_short | Development of emotion recognition |
| title_sort | development of emotion recognition gaze patterns and recognition accuracy when looking at emotional faces an eye tracking study |
| title_sub | gaze patterns and recognition accuracy when looking at emotional faces ; an eye tracking study |
| topic | Interpersonale Wahrnehmung (DE-588)4072903-5 gnd Interaktion (DE-588)4027266-7 gnd Affektive Entwicklung (DE-588)4141552-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Interpersonale Wahrnehmung Interaktion Affektive Entwicklung Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028059350&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT iwanskialexandra developmentofemotionrecognitiongazepatternsandrecognitionaccuracywhenlookingatemotionalfacesaneyetrackingstudy |