Sustainable thermal storage systems: planning, design, and operations
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York [u.a.]
McGraw-Hill
2011
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Contributor biographical information Publisher description Table of contents only Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Includes bibliographical references (p. 283-285) and index |
| Physical Description: | XII, 308 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780071752978 0071752978 |
Staff View
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Sustainable thermal storage systems |b planning, design, and operations |c Lucas B. Hyman |
| 264 | 1 | |a New York [u.a.] |b McGraw-Hill |c 2011 | |
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| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references (p. 283-285) and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Heat storage | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Heat engineering | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Cogeneration of electric power and heat | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sustainable buildings |x Heating and ventilation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sustainable buildings |x Design and construction | |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Titel: Sustainable thermal storage systems
Autor: Hyman, Lucas B
Jahr: 2011
Contents
Preface ..................................................... xi
Overview ................................................... 1
Introduction ................................................. 1
Benefits of Thermal Storage ................................... 4
Reduced Utility-Bill Peak Demand ....................... 4
Improved Facility Plant Ef ficiencies ...................... 5
Reduced Energy Consumption .......................... 6
Lower Energy Costs .................................... 6
More Flexible Facility Plant Operations ................... 6
Added Backup Capacity ................................ 7
Smaller Facility Equipment Requirements ................. 7
Lower Facility Maintenance Costs ........................ 7
Potential Lower Capital Costs ........................... 7
Economic Benefits ...................................... 8
Environmental Benefits ................................. 8
Benefits to the Utility ................................... 8
Society Benefits ........................................ 9
Thermal Storage Basics ....................................... 9
Thermal Storage Media ................................. 10
Types of Thermal Storage Systems ....................... 12
Thermal Storage Operating Strategies .................... 13
Thermal Storage Economics ............................. 14
History ..................................................... 15
Key Issues Facing Industry Today .............................. 21
References .................................................. 23
Applicability of Thermal Storage Systems ..................... 25
Introduction ................................................. 25
Applicability of Thermal Storage Systems ....................... 25
Facility Loads ............................................... 27
Utility Rate Structures ........................................ 31
Electric Rate Schedules ................................. 34
Effect of Rate Structures on the Most Cost-Effective
Solution Chosen ..................................... 36
New Investment Required to Meet New or Expanding
Facility Loads ............................................. 36
Emergency Backup ........................................... 36
Fire Protection ............................................... 37
Combustion Turbine Inlet-Air Cooling .......................... 38
3 Types of Thermal Storage Systems ............................ 45
Sensible Thermal Storage Systems .............................. 47
Hot Water Thermal Storage Systems ...................... 48
Chilled Water Systems .................................. 51
Mass Storage Systems .................................. 54
Latent Thermal Storage ....................................... 55
Ice Systems ........................................... 55
Other Phase Change Materials ........................... 61
Seasonal Thermal Storage Systems ............................. 61
4 Sensible Thermal Storage Systems ............................ 63
Introduction ................................................. 63
Factors Affecting the Selection of Sensible Thermal
Storage Materials .................................... 64
Solid Sensible Thermal Storage Systems ......................... 64
Use of Building Mass for Thermal Storage ................. 64
Use of the Ground for Sensible Thermal Storage ........... 66
Gravel as a Sensible Thermal Storage ..................... 68
Liquid Sensible Thermal Storage Systems ....................... 68
Natural Storage Containers .............................. 70
Series or Labyrinth Tank Thermal Storage System .......... 70
Multiple Tank Empty Tank System ..................... 71
Membrane or Diaphragm Thermal Storage Systems ........ 73
Stratified Thermal Storage Systems ....................... 74
Sensible Water Thermal Storage System Needs ............. 75
Chilled Water Thermal Storage Systems ......................... 76
Vertical Thermal Stratification ........................... 76
Constant Chilled Water Rise ............................. 77
Separation of Chilled Water Supply and Return ............ 77
Variable-Flow Chilled Water Use ......................... 78
Maintaining Equivalent or Higher Coil Capacity ........... 78
Preventing Increased Supply Water Flow .................. 80
Stratification System Design Requirements ...................... 80
Proper Vertical Separation ............................... 80
Diffuser Design ........................................ 80
Reasonable Storage Time ................................ 81
Storage Below 39°F ..................................... 81
Typical Stratification Challenges ......................... 81
Good Stratified Storage System Characteristics ............. 82
Serendipity of a Good Chilled Water Thermal Storage System ...... 82
Reduced Chiller Energy Consumption .................... 82
Lower Pump Horsepower ............................... 82
Smaller Chilled Water Pumps and Pipes .................. 82
Uninsulated Chilled Water Pipe Potential ................. 82
Better System Balancing and Control ..................... 83
High Reliability and Emergency Cooling .................. 83
Lower Maintenance Cost ................................ 83
Operational Flexibility .................................. 83
Balancing Thermal and Electric Loads .................... 83
Dual-Use as Fire Protection .............................. 83
Water Treatment ....................................... 84
Reference ................................................... 84
5 Latent Thermal Storage Systems .............................. 85
Introduction ................................................. 85
Ice Thermal Storage Technologies .............................. 86
Ice-on-Coil ............................................ 86
Internal Melt Ice-on-Coil ................................ 89
External Melt Ice-on-Coil ............................... 90
Encapsulated Ice Storage ................................ 92
Ice Harvesters ......................................... 93
Ice Slurry ............................................. 94
Seasonal Ice Storage .................................... 95
Ice Storage: Secondary Coolants ......................... 95
Other Phase Change Materials and Applications ................. 96
Phase Change Below 32°F ............................... 99
Summary ................................................... 100
References .................................................. 100
6 Heating Thermal Storage Systems ............................. 101
Introduction................................................. 101
Solar Thermal Power Plants ................................... 102
Parabolic Troughs ...................................... 103
Solar Towers .......................................... 103
Dish/Engine Systems .................................. 103
Thermal Storage Options ............................... 103
Classification ................................................ 105
Storage Concepts ...................................... 105
Storage Media ......................................... 106
Sensible Heat Storage ......................................... 106
Liquid Media Storage .................................. 107
Solid Media Storage .................................... 111
Latent Heat Storage .......................................... 112
Chemical Thermal Storage .................................... 114
References .................................................. 114
7 Thermal Storage System Sizing ............................... 117
Introduction ................................................. 117
Determining or Estimating Facility Loads ....................... 118
Stratified CHW Thermal Storage ............................... 121
Füll Storage System Sizing .............................. 122
Partial Storage (Load Leveling) System Sizing ............. 127
Hot Water Storage Sizing ..................................... 129
Ice Storage System Sizing ..................................... 132
Summary ................................................... 139
8 Conducting a Thermal Storage Feasibility Study ............... 141
Introduction ................................................. 141
Developing Thermal Storage System Alternatives ................ 144
Estimating Energy Use and Cost ............................... 147
Estimating the Budget Construction Costs ....................... 148
Estimating Annual Maintenance Costs .......................... 149
Conducting Economic Analysis ................................ 150
LCC Process ........................................... 150
Making Recommendations .................................... 156
9 Thermal Storage Design Applications ......................... 157
Introduction ................................................. 157
Caution Hags (Lessons Learned) ......................... 160
Sensible Water Thermal Storage Systems ........................ 161
Single Tank Systems .................................... 162
Multiple Tank Systems .................................. 166
Diffuser Design ........................................ 167
Instrumentation and Control Requirements ............... 170
Additional Design Requirements ......................... 171
Chemically Modified CHW Storage Systems ............... 171
Ice Storage System Design .................................... 172
Expanding an Existing Thermal Storage System .................. 175
Multiple Tanks Hydraulically and Statically Balanced ....... 176
Multiple Tanks with Plate-and-Frame Exchangers .......... 176
Increasing the Thermal Storage Tank Height ............... 176
Modification of Coils, Circulation Piping Controls,
and Chillers ......................................... 177
Chemical Additive to Increase the Delta-T ................. 178
Conversion to Ice Storage ............................... 178
Hybrid Chilled Water-Ice Systems ........................ 179
10 Thermal Storage Tank Specifications .......................... 181
Introduction ................................................. 181
Aboveground Steel Thermal Storage Tank Specifications .......... 182
Part 1—Execution...................................... 182
Part 2—Products ....................................... 188
Part 3—Execution ...................................... 193
Above- or Belowground Concrete Thermal Storage
Tank Specifications ........................................ 199
Part 1—Execution ...................................... 200
Part 2—Material ....................................... 203
Reinforcing Steel ....................................... 204
Part 3—-Construction ................................... 207
11 Thermal Storage Operating and Control Strategies .............. 215
Introduction ................................................. 215
Operating Strategies .......................................... 216
Example Operating Strategy ............................. 219
Control Strategies ............................................ 220
Operating Modes ............................................ 221
Charging Thermal Storage Tank Only ..................... 221
Charging Thermal Storage Tank and Serving Facility
Cooling Loads ...................................... 222
Discharging from Thermal Storage Tank Only ............. 222
Discharge from Thermal Storage and Operate
Thermal Production Equipment to Meet the Facility
Thermal Load ....................................... 222
Operate Thermal Production Equipment Only to Meet
the Facility Thermal Load ............................. 222
12 Commissioning of Thermal Storage Systems ................... 223
Introduction ................................................. 223
Thermal Storage Owner Project Requirements ................... 224
OPR Design Considerations ............................. 225
Basis of Design ........................................ 226
ASHRAE Standard 150—Method of Testing the Performance
of Cool Storage Systems .................................... 226
Summary ................................................... 229
13 Sustainable Thermal Storage Operations ....................... 231
Introduction ................................................. 231
Understanding the Thermal Storage Plant ....................... 232
Thermal Storage Data Gathering ............................... 233
Metering .............................................. 233
Monitoring ............................................ 234
Thermal Storage Data Analysis ................................ 234
Metrics ............................................... 235
Benchmarking ......................................... 236
Billing ...................................................... 236
Control Strategies ............................................ 237
Operator Training ............................................ 239
Maintenance ................................................ 239
Reserve Funds ............................................... 240
Let People Know the Great Results of Thermal Storage ............ 240
14 Chilled Water Thermal Storage Case Study ..................... 243
University Hospital .......................................... 243
Study Purpose ............................................... 243
Campus Overview ........................................... 244
Existing Cooling and Heating Systems .......................... 244
Existing Energy Costs ........................................ 246
Electricity Rate Schedule ...................................... 248
Existing Central Plant Cooling Load ............................ 248
Future Cooling Load ......................................... 249
Central Chiller Plant Alternatives .............................. 249
Alternative 1—Conventional Chilier Plant (Base Case) ...... 250
Alternative 2—Addition of Füll Storage CHW TES ......... 250
Alternative 3—Addition of Partial Storage CHW TES ....... 252
Alternative Summary ................................... 254
Modeling Process ............................................ 255
Budget Construction Cost Estimates ............................ 255
Alternative 1—Conventional Chiller Plant (Base Case) ...... 255
Alternative 2—Addition of Füll Storage CHW TES ......... 256
Alternative 3—Addition of Partial Storage CHW TES ....... 256
Economic Analysis ........................................... 256
Life-Cycle Costs ....................................... 257
Net Present Value Calculations .......................... 258
Lif e-Cycle-Cost Summary ............................... 258
Conclusions and Recommendations ............................ 258
15 Ice Thermal Storage Case Study ............................... 261
Study Objective .............................................. 261
Central Plant Facilities ........................................ 261
Chilier Plant ........................................... 261
Plant Controls or Metering .............................. 264
Cooling Loads ............................................... 264
Existing Cooling Loads ................................. 264
Future Cooling Loads .................................. 265
Implementing Ice TES at the Facility ............................ 266
Alternatives ........................................... 267
Ice TES System Site ..................................... 273
Utility Rate Structure ......................................... 274
Energy Analysis ............................................. 274
Energy Consumption and Cost .......................... 274
Budget Construction Costs .................................... 276
Life-Cycle-Cost Summary ..................................... 277
Conclusion .................................................. 277
Glossary .................................................... 279
Bibliography ................................................ 283
Index ...................................................... 287
|
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| spelling | Hyman, Lucas B. Verfasser (DE-588)1043134239 aut Sustainable thermal storage systems planning, design, and operations Lucas B. Hyman New York [u.a.] McGraw-Hill 2011 XII, 308 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references (p. 283-285) and index Heat storage Heat engineering Cogeneration of electric power and heat Sustainable buildings Heating and ventilation Sustainable buildings Design and construction Wärmespeicherung (DE-588)4188871-6 gnd rswk-swf Wärmespeicherung (DE-588)4188871-6 s DE-604 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy1205/2011275414-b.html Contributor biographical information http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy1205/2011275414-d.html Publisher description http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy1205/2011275414-t.html Table of contents only HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027295652&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Hyman, Lucas B. Sustainable thermal storage systems planning, design, and operations Heat storage Heat engineering Cogeneration of electric power and heat Sustainable buildings Heating and ventilation Sustainable buildings Design and construction Wärmespeicherung (DE-588)4188871-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4188871-6 |
| title | Sustainable thermal storage systems planning, design, and operations |
| title_auth | Sustainable thermal storage systems planning, design, and operations |
| title_exact_search | Sustainable thermal storage systems planning, design, and operations |
| title_full | Sustainable thermal storage systems planning, design, and operations Lucas B. Hyman |
| title_fullStr | Sustainable thermal storage systems planning, design, and operations Lucas B. Hyman |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sustainable thermal storage systems planning, design, and operations Lucas B. Hyman |
| title_short | Sustainable thermal storage systems |
| title_sort | sustainable thermal storage systems planning design and operations |
| title_sub | planning, design, and operations |
| topic | Heat storage Heat engineering Cogeneration of electric power and heat Sustainable buildings Heating and ventilation Sustainable buildings Design and construction Wärmespeicherung (DE-588)4188871-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Heat storage Heat engineering Cogeneration of electric power and heat Sustainable buildings Heating and ventilation Sustainable buildings Design and construction Wärmespeicherung |
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