Verfügbarkeit: Intellectual property law in practice

Intellectual property law in practice:

Gespeichert in:

Bibliographische Detailangaben
Hauptverfasser:	Hays, Thomas E. (VerfasserIn), Milne, Claire C. (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Edinburgh Thomson/Green 2004
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	LX, 543 S.
ISBN:	041401474X

Internformat

MARC


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245	1	0	\|a Intellectual property law in practice \|c by Thomas E. Hays & Claire C. Milne
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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	CONTENTS PAGE FOREWORD VII PREFACE IX TABLE OF CASES XXI TABLE OF DECISIONS OF THE ECJ AND THE COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE . . XXXIII TABLE OF DECISIONS EFTA COURT OF JUSTICE XXXIX TABLE OF DECISIONS OF THE EU COMMISSION XXXIX TABLE OF DECISIONS OF THE ENLARGED BOARD OF APPEAL AND THE TECHNICAL BOARD OF APPEAL XLI TABLE OF NATIONAL CASES XLIII TABLE OF STATUTES XLV TABLE OF STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS LI TABLE OF NATIONAL LEGISLATION LIII TABLE OF EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND TREATIES LV TABLE OF RULES AND REGULATIONS MI TABLE OF EUROPEAN DIRECTIVES LVIII TABLE OF EUROPEAN REGULATIONS LIX CHAPTER 1 * INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITIONS ... 1 AN OVERVIEW 1 SUMMARY OF THE MAIN FORMS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 5 PATENTS 5 TRADE MARKS 6 COPYRIGHT 7 DATABASE RIGHT 10 DESIGN RIGHTS 10 CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION AND TRADE SECRETS 14 CONFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENTS 14 PLANT VARIETY RIGHTS 15 CHAPTER 2 * A SHORT HISTORY OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN SCOTLAND AND ENGLAND ... 17 COPYRIGHT 17 THE CROWN AND THE STATIONERS 17 THE STATUTE OF ANNE 19 LITERARY PROPERTY AND THE COURTS * THE LONDON BOOK- SELLERS AND COPYRIGHT MONOPOLIES 19 THE SCOTTISH COURTS AND THE END OF THE DEBATE 21 PATENTS 24 THE ORIGINS 24 THE STATUTE OF MONOPOLIES 25 THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND PATENTS 25 REGISTERED TRADE MARKS 27 XII CONTENTS CHAPTER 3 * PATENTS 29 INTRODUCTION 29 INDUCEMENT FOR DISCLOSURE 29 HISTORY OF PATENTS 30 PATENT LEGISLATION 31 PATENTABLE SUBJECT MATTER 32 TERM OF PROTECTION 33 NATURE OF THE PATENT RIGHT 33 TYPES OF PATENTS 33 UNPATENTABLE SUBJECT MATTER 34 NOVELTY 36 NOVELTY GENERALLY 36 PRIOR ART GENERALLY 36 DISCLOSURE AND PRIOR USE 37 INVENTIVE STEP 39 OBVIOUSNESS AND PERSON SKILLED IN THE ART 40 TEST FOR INVENTIVE STEP 41 INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION 41 MEDICAL TREATMENTS 42 WHETHER A MEDICAL TREATMENT 43 OWNERSHIP 44 RIGHTS BEFORE FILING 44 FIRST-TO-FILE 44 WHEN TO FILE 44 CERTAINTY 44 THE US SYSTEM 45 RIGHTS WHILE PENDING 45 RIGHTS OF INVENTORS 46 APPLICANTS OTHER THAN INVENTORS 46 EMPLOYEE INVENTIONS 47 DISPUTES AS TO OWNERSHIP 48 RIGHTS OF JOINT INVENTORS 49 EXPLOITATION OF PATENTS 49 WORKING THE INVENTION 49 ASSIGNATIONS 49 ESTIMATING VALUE 50 LICENSING PATENTS 51 LICENCES OF RIGHT 51 COMPULSORY LICENCES 52 INFRINGEMENT AND REVOCATION 52 INFRINGING ACTS 53 CONTRIBUTORY INFRINGEMENT 53 GENERAL TEST FOR INFRINGEMENT 53 EXCEPTIONS TO INFRINGEMENT 54 REMEDIES FOR INFRINGEMENT 54 DAMAGES 55 REVOCATION 55 CHAPTER 4 * PATENT PROCEDURE 57 INTRODUCTION 57 PATENT SYSTEMS 57 PATENT PROCEDURE GENERALLY 58 CONTENTS XIII PATENT PROFESSIONALS 59 RULES OF THE PATENT OFFICE 59 PATENT RULES 60 IMPLEMENTING REGULATIONS 60 SEARCH PROCEDURE 60 GENERALLY 60 PURPOSE OF A SEARCH 61 CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM 61 PRIOR ART SEARCHES 62 AVOIDING PRIOR ART 62 PATENT OFFICE SEARCHES 63 THE PATENT APPLICATION 64 CONTENTS OF THE APPLICATION 64 FILING THE SPECIFICATION 65 THE DESCRIPTION 66 DESCRIPTION REQUIREMENTS 68 DRAWINGS 69 ACKNOWLEDGING PRIOR ART 71 CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION 71 SUFFICIENCY OF DISCLOSURE 72 IMPORTANCE 72 STANDARD FOR SUFFICIENCY 73 THE CLAIMS 74 REQUIREMENTS 74 DEFINING PROTECTION 75 BREVITY 75 SUPPORTED BY DISCLOSURE 76 WELL DRAFTED CLAIMS 76 AMENDED CLAIMS 77 UNITY OF INVENTION 78 NON-UNITARY APPLICATIONS 78 THE EXAMINATION PROCEDURE 78 PRIOR TO FULL PUBLICATION 78 AFTER PUBLICATION 79 PATENTABLE SUBJECT MATTER 79 EXAMINERS OBJECTIONS 80 BASIS OF OBJECTIONS 80 OBSERVATIONS AND OPPOSITION BY THIRD PARTIES, INVALIDITY 81 GENERALLY 81 OPPOSITION PROCEDURE 81 APPLICATIONS FOR REVOCATION 82 APPEALS 82 INVALIDITY DEFENCE 83 GRANT AND REFUSAL 83 GRANT OF A PATENT 83 REFUSAL OF THE APPLICATION 84 APPEAL PROCEDURE 84 BASIS FOR REVIEW IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 84 BASIS FOR REVIEW AT THE EPO 85 THE PATENT CO-OPERATION TREATY 86 GENERALLY 86 FUNCTIONS OF THE PCT 86 XIV CONTENTS CHAPTER 5 * REGISTERED TRADE MARKS * FUNCTION AND REGISTRATION 89 HISTORY AND FUNCTION 89 THE FUNCTION OF REGISTERED TRADE MARKS * CASE LAW . . 91 SOME PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS 96 HOW DO TRADE MARKS ARISE? 97 WHY REGISTER? 98 BACKGROUND TO THE TRADE MARKS ACT 1994. ...... 98 DEFINITION OF A REGISTERED TRADE MARK 100 A SIGN CAPABLE OF GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION 103 CAPABLE OF DISTINGUISHING 104 ABSOLUTE GROUNDS FOR REFUSAL OF REGISTRATION. . . 105 SIGNS WHICH CANNOT BE TRADE MARKS 107 TRADE MARKS WHICH REQUIRE TO HAVE ACQUIRED DISTINCTIVENESS 108 SIGNS AND TRADE MARKS THAT CANNOT BE REGISTERED IRRESPECTIVE OF DISTINCTIVENESS 109 RELATIVE GROUNDS FOR REFUSAL OF REGISTRATION 112 APPLYING FOR A REGISTERED TRADE MARK 114 USE CLASSES 115 STEPS FOR REGISTRATION 115 EXAMINATION 116 PUBLICATION 116 REGISTERED TRADE MARKS AS PROPERTY 116 CERTIFICATION MARKS 117 ASSIGNATIONS 117 LICENCES 119 HONEST CONCURRENT USE 120 INVALIDITY ACTIONS 121 ACTIONS FOR REVOCATION 122 NON-USE 122 COMMON OR GENERIC TRADE MARKS 123 COLLECTIVE MARKS 124 COMMUNITY TRADE MARKS 125 THE MADRID PROTOCOL 126 CHAPTER 6 * REGISTERED TRADE MARKS * INFRINGEMENT 128 INTRODUCTION 128 TRADE MARK USE 129 LEGISLATIVE PROVISIONS 132 SECTION 10(1) 134 SECTION 10(2) 134 SECTION 10(3) 134 DEFENCES TO INFRINGEMENT 136 USE BY A PERSON OF HIS OWN NAME OR ADDRESS 137 USE OF INDICATIONS CONCERNING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GOODS 137 INTENDED PURPOSE 138 COMPARATIVE ADVERTISING 138 GROUNDLESS THREATS OF INFRINGEMENT 141 REMEDIES 141 PARALLEL IMPORTS 141 CONTENTS XV CHAPTER 7 * PASSING OFF 142 INTRODUCTION 142 A SHORT HISTORY 142 PASSING OFF AFTER THE TRADE MARKS ACT 1994 145 THE BASIS FOR THE PASSING OFF ACTION 146 THE TEST FOR PASSING OFF 150 THE SEMINAL CASE LAWFROM ADVOCAAT TO JIF LEMONS! 150 GOODWILL 153 GOODWILL BELONGING TO MORE THAN ONE PARTY 153 GOODWILL BELONGING TO GROUPS OF COMPANIES 154 DURATION OF GOODWILL 155 LOCAL AND FOREIGN GOODWILL 156 PERSONAL NAMES 157 MISREPRESENTATION 159 LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION 159 COMMON FIELD OF ACTIVITY 160 DAMAGE 161 REMEDIES 162 DAMAGES AND ACCOUNTING 164 DOMAIN NAMES AND PASSING OFF 164 INTRODUCTION 164 WHAT IS A DOMAIN NAME? 165 WHY DO DOMAIN NAME DISPUTES ARISE? 166 LITIGATION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 167 THE INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE 170 CHAPTER 8 COPYRIGHT 172 INTRODUCTION 172 HISTORY OF COPYRIGHT PROTECTION 172 COMMERCIAL RIGHTS AND MORAL RIGHTS 173 COPYRIGHT SUBJECT MATTER 173 THE 1988 ACT 173 LITERARY WORKS 174 DRAMATIC WORKS 177 MUSICAL WORKS 178 ARTISTIC WORKS 179 COMPOSITE WORKS AND PERFORMANCES 181 SECONDARY COPYRIGHT SUBJECT MATTER 181 SOUND RECORDINGS 182 FILMS 183 SOUNDTRACKS OF FILMS 183 BROADCASTS AND CABLE CASTS 183 TYPOGRAPHICAL ARRANGEMENTS 184 AUTHORSHIP, OWNERSHIP AND EXPLOITATION OF COPYRIGHT 185 AUTHORSHIP 185 OWNERSHIP 186 EXPLOITATION 187 TERM OF PROTECTION 189 INFRINGEMENT 191 GENERALLY 191 PRIMARY INFRINGEMENT 191 CONTRIBUTORY INFRINGEMENTS 194 XVI CONTENTS REMEDIES FOR INFRINGEMENT 194 DEFENCES TO INFRINGEMENT 195 DIGITAL WORKS 196 COMPUTERS AND COPYRIGHT GENERALLY 196 COMPUTERISED AUTHORSHIP 196 CONTRIBUTORY INFRINGEMENT AND SERVICE PROVIDER LIABILITY 197 NEW FORMS OF COMPUTER-RELATED SUBJECT MATTER 198 EU HARMONISATION 199 SPECIFIC SUBJECT MATTER 199 HARMONISATION DIRECTIVES 199 INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION 200 THE BERNE CONVENTION 200 THE UNITED STATES 201 CHAPTER 9 * MORAL RIGHTS AND PERFORMERS RIGHTS 204 INTRODUCTION 204 WHAT COPYRIGHT PROTECTS 204 THE ARTIST S INTERESTS 204 MORAL RIGHTS 205 ISSUES OF PROTECTION 205 ARTISTIC RISKS 205 INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION 206 THE RIGHT OF ATTRIBUTION 207 FALSE ATTRIBUTION 211 THE INTEGRITY RIGHT 213 RIGHT TO PRIVACY IN PHOTOGRAPHS AND FILMS 215 PERFORMERS RIGHTS 216 THE NATURE OF RIGHTS 216 PROTECTION GIVEN 217 RECORDINGS 218 ECONOMIC RIGHTS OF PERFORMERS 219 MORAL RIGHTS OF PERFORMERS 220 INFRINGEMENT, DEFENCES AND REMEDIES 220 INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION 223 MORAL RIGHTS AND PERFORMERS RIGHTS IN THE UNITED STATES 225 CHAPTER 10 * INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS 227 INTRODUCTION 227 WHAT A DESIGN IS 227 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 227 FORMS OF DESIGN PROTECTION 228 RELATIONSHIP TO COPYRIGHT PROTECTION 228 RELATIONSHIP TO PATENT PROTECTION 230 UNREGISTERED UNITED KINGDOM DESIGNS 230 REQUIREMENTS FOR UNREGISTERED DESIGN PROTECTION .... 231 ORIGINALITY OF DESIGN 231 TANGIBLE FORM 232 A QUALIFYING PERSON 233 NOT EXCLUDED FROM PROTECTION 233 TERMS OF PROTECTION 235 CONTENTS XVII INFRINGEMENT 235 EXPLOITATION ISSUES 239 REGISTERED UNITED KINGDOM DESIGNS 241 ATTRIBUTES 241 RELATIONSHIP TO TRADE MARKS 241 REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTION 242 MULTIPLE APPLICATIONS, SETS AND MODIFICATIONS 246 TERM OF PROTECTION 247 INFRINGEMENT 247 SUMMARY OF THE DESIGN REGISTRATION PROCESS 249 EXPLOITATION ISSUES 250 UNREGISTERED COMMUNITY DESIGNS 250 BACKGROUND 250 REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTION 251 TERM OF PROTECTION 252 INFRINGEMENTS 253 RELATION TO OTHER DESIGN RIGHTS 253 REGISTERED COMMUNITY DESIGNS 254 THE COMMUNITY REGISTRATION SYSTEM GENERALLY 254 TERM OF PROTECTION 254 VALIDITY AND JURISDICTION 254 INFRINGEMENT AND JURISDICTION 255 LICENSING AND ASSIGNATIONS 256 INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION FOR DESIGN 256 COMMONWEALTH DESIGNS 256 INTERNATIONAL TREATIES 257 THE US SYSTEM 258 CHAPTER 11 * LAW OF CONFIDENTIALITY 260 INTRODUCTION 260 TRADE SECRETS 261 IS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION A FORM OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY? 262 BACKGROUND 264 BASIS OF THE OBLIGATION 265 BASIC PRINCIPLES 266 THE TEST IN COCO V CLARK 267 PUBLIC INTEREST AS A DEFENCE TO BREACH OF CONFIDENCE 281 WHEN DOES THE CONFIDENCE END? 283 RELATED ISSUES 284 CHAPTER 12 * FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS AND EXHAUSTION OF RIGHTS 285 INTRODUCTION 285 THE NEED FOR THE FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS 285 THE FREE MOVEMENT OF INTRA-MARKET GOODS 287 ARTICLES 28 AND 29 AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY. . . . 287 EXISTENCE AND EXERCISE: THE CONSTEN AND GRUNDIG CASE . . 287 SPECIFIC OBJECT OF RIGHTS 289 SPECIFIC SUBJECT MATTER OF RIGHTS 290 ESSENTIAL FUNCTION OF TRADE MARKS 293 DEROGATIONS AND ARTICLE 30 296 EXTRA-MARKET GOODS AND FREE MOVEMENT 298 GENERALLY 298 CONTENTS THE STATUS OF EXTRA-MARKET GOODS IN THE MARKET .... 298 COMMUNITY COMPETENCE AS TO EXTERNAL GOODS 300 EXHAUSTION OF RIGHTS 301 THE NEED FOR HARMONISATION 301 THE TRADEMARKS DIRECTIVE 303 THE NATURE OF DIRECTIVES 303 HARMONISATION 304 COMMUNITY EXHAUSTION OF TRADE MARKS 305 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS 306 THE MEANING OF CONSENT 308 ARTICLE 7(2) 310 OTHER PROVISIONS OF THE TRADEMARKS DIRECTIVE 311 EXHAUSTION OF PATENTS, COPYRIGHTS AND DESIGN RIGHTS 313 CHAPTER 13 * ANTI-COMPETITIVE AGREEMENTS ... 314 INTRODUCTION 314 THE CONFLICT GENERALLY 314 JUDICIAL AVOIDANCE 315 RESOLVING THE CONFLICT 315 THE DE MINIMIS EXCEPTION 317 DETERMINING THE SEVERITY OF THE EFFECT ON COMPETITION . . 318 DEFINING THE MARKET 319 PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF MARKET DEFINITIONS 320 FUTURE MARKETS 320 AGREEMENTS AND CONCERTED PRACTICES 321 DEFINITION OF AN UNDERTAKING 321 MODIFICATIONS OF WRITTEN AGREEMENTS 321 VERBAL AGREEMENTS 322 AUTOMATICALLY VOID AGREEMENTS 322 CONCERTED PRACTICES 323 EFFECT WITHIN THE MARKET 323 RESTRICTIONS ON WHERE PROTECTED GOODS ARE SOLD 324 EXPORT RESTRICTIONS 324 IMPORT RESTRICTIONS 325 DETERMINING THE EXISTENCE OF EXPORT-IMPORT RESTRICTIONS 325 ANTI-COMPETITIVE EFFECT OF TRADE RESTRICTIONS 326 EXPORT REQUIREMENTS 327 EXCEPTIONS TO THE RULE AGAINST TRADE RESTRICTIONS .... 328 KNOW-HOW 328 BROADCASTING RIGHTS 328 NATIONAL VARIATIONS 329 RESTRICTIONS ON THE PERSONS TO WHOM PROTECTED GOODS MAY BE SOLD 329 RESALE RESTRICTIONS GENERALLY 329 BLANKET RESALE RESTRICTIONS 330 VERTICAL RESALE RESTRICTIONS 330 PRODUCT-SPECIFIC RESTRICTIONS 331 HORIZONTAL RESALE RESTRICTIONS 332 RESTRICTIONS ON THE PRICE AT WHICH PROTECTED GOODS MAY BE SOLD 332 GENERALLY 332 COMPETING THROUGH DISTRIBUTION 333 CONTENTS XIX SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION AND PRICE RESTRICTIONS 333 EVIDENCE OF PRICE RESTRICTIONS 334 REBATES AND DISCOUNTS 334 WARRANTIES AND GUARANTEES 335 THE IMPORTANCE OF AVOIDING ARTICLE 81 VIOLATIONS. . 335 PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS 335 EXCEPTIONS TO LIABILITY 336 CHAPTER 14 * ABUSE OF A DOMINANT POSITION ... 337 ARTICLE 82 OF THE EC TREATY 337 GENERALLY 337 THE NATURE OF AN ARTICLE 82 VIOLATION 337 DOMINANCE 338 THE ARTICLE 82 MARKET 338 ARTICLE 82 MARKET DEFINITIONS 339 PRACTICAL EXAMPLES OF ARTICLE 82 MARKETS 339 THE PRODUCT MARKET 339 THE GEOGRAPHICAL MARKET 340 SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES IN RESPECT OF THE ARTICLE 82 MARKET 340 THE ARTICLE 82 DOMINANT POSITION 341 THE AVAILABILITY OF SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS AND DOMINANCE . . 341 RAW MATERIALS AND INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTS 341 THE TETRA PAK CASE 342 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS 343 PATENTS AND SUBSTITUTABILITY 343 CONSUMER PREFERENCES 343 TRADE MARKS AND EXCLUSIVITY 344 ARTICLE 82 ABUSES 344 ARTICLE 82 ABUSE GENERALLY 344 ECONOMIC DEPENDENCE 345 ARTICLE 82 AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 346 OWNERSHIP OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IS NOT ABUSIVE .... 347 CATEGORIES OF ARTICLE 82 ABUSES 347 THE HILTI SITUATION 348 ATTEMPTS AT STOPPING PARALLEL IMPORTS 348 THE MAGILL SITUATION 349 THE FACTS OF THE MAGILL CASE 349 THE MAGILL REMEDY 350 THE ESSENTIAL FACILITIES DOCTRINE 351 ESSENTIAL MEANS INDISPENSABLE 352 THE LAW OF THE MAGILL CASE AND ARTICLE 82 ABUSES 353 THE IMPORTANCE OF MAGILL 354 INTEL CORP V VIA TECHNOLOGIES 354 CHAPTER 15 * EMERGING FORMS OF PROTECTION . . 356 INTRODUCTION 356 DATABASES 356 WHAT A DATABASE IS 356 THE DATABASE DIRECTIVE 358 COPYRIGHT PROTECTION FOR DATABASES 359 SUI GENERIS PROTECTION FOR DATABASES 360 XX CONTENTS UNITED STATES LAW 362 PROTECTION FOR SEMICONDUCTOR PRODUCTS 363 EARLY PROTECTION IN THE UNITED STATES 363 COPYRIGHT PROTECTION 363 THE EC SEMICONDUCTOR DIRECTIVE 364 PROTECTION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 364 INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION 367 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE AND EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS 367 2001 COPYRIGHT DIRECTIVE 370 UNITED STATES LAW 372 PROTECTION FOR NEW LIFE FORMS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 375 PATENT PROTECTION FOR NEW ANIMALS 375 PATENT PROTECTION FOR NEW PLANTS 375 REGISTERED PLANT VARIETIES 376 COMMUNITY LAW LICENSING ISSUE REGARDING PLANT VARIETIES 378 PATENT PROTECTION FOR BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES 379 MICROBES, TECHNICAL PROCESSES AND GENETIC MATERIAL . . . 379 CHAPTER 16 * FUTURE * THE EVOLUTION OF IPR? . . 381 A JUSTIFICATION FOR IPR? 381 CRYSTAL BALL GAZING 384 EMERGING ISSUES * PATENTS AND RELATED ISSUES ... 384 THE COMMUNITY PATENT 384 UTILITY MODELS 386 PATENTS FOR SOFTWARE AND BUSINESS METHODS 387 BIOTECHNOLOGY 389 CHALLENGES OF THE INTERNET 393 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1STYLES 397 SCOTS LAW 397 SHORT FORM PATENT LICENCE 397 SHORT FORM TRADE MARK LICENCE AGREEMENT 411 PATENT ASSIGNATION 422 REGISTERED TRADE MARK ASSIGNATION 425 COPYRIGHT ASSIGNATION 428 PUBLISHING AGREEMENT 431 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT 445 INTERNATIONAL 458 US FORM COPYRIGHT LICENCE AGREEMENT 458 APPENDIX 2 PATENT FORMS 462 APPENDIX 3 * TRADE MARKS FORMS .... 480 APPENDIX 4 * DESIGN FORMS 484 APPENDIX 5 * FREE MOVEMENT 496 APPENDIX 6 * MEMBERSHIP OF RELEVANT INTER- NATIONAL BODIES AND INTERNATIONAL TREATIES. . 512 APPENDIX 7 * TRADE MARK USE CLASSES ... 513 APPENDIX 8 * LIST OF USEFUL WEBSITES 522 INDEX 529
adam_txt	CONTENTS PAGE FOREWORD VII PREFACE IX TABLE OF CASES XXI TABLE OF DECISIONS OF THE ECJ AND THE COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE . . XXXIII TABLE OF DECISIONS EFTA COURT OF JUSTICE XXXIX TABLE OF DECISIONS OF THE EU COMMISSION XXXIX TABLE OF DECISIONS OF THE ENLARGED BOARD OF APPEAL AND THE TECHNICAL BOARD OF APPEAL XLI TABLE OF NATIONAL CASES XLIII TABLE OF STATUTES XLV TABLE OF STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS LI TABLE OF NATIONAL LEGISLATION LIII TABLE OF EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND TREATIES LV TABLE OF RULES AND REGULATIONS MI TABLE OF EUROPEAN DIRECTIVES LVIII TABLE OF EUROPEAN REGULATIONS LIX CHAPTER 1 * INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITIONS . 1 AN OVERVIEW 1 SUMMARY OF THE MAIN FORMS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 5 PATENTS 5 TRADE MARKS 6 COPYRIGHT 7 DATABASE RIGHT 10 DESIGN RIGHTS 10 CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION AND TRADE SECRETS 14 CONFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENTS 14 PLANT VARIETY RIGHTS 15 CHAPTER 2 * A SHORT HISTORY OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN SCOTLAND AND ENGLAND . 17 COPYRIGHT 17 THE CROWN AND THE STATIONERS 17 THE STATUTE OF ANNE 19 LITERARY PROPERTY AND THE COURTS * THE LONDON BOOK- SELLERS AND COPYRIGHT MONOPOLIES 19 THE SCOTTISH COURTS AND THE END OF THE DEBATE 21 PATENTS 24 THE ORIGINS 24 THE STATUTE OF MONOPOLIES 25 THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND PATENTS 25 REGISTERED TRADE MARKS 27 XII CONTENTS CHAPTER 3 * PATENTS 29 INTRODUCTION 29 INDUCEMENT FOR DISCLOSURE 29 HISTORY OF PATENTS 30 PATENT LEGISLATION 31 PATENTABLE SUBJECT MATTER 32 TERM OF PROTECTION 33 NATURE OF THE PATENT RIGHT 33 TYPES OF PATENTS 33 UNPATENTABLE SUBJECT MATTER 34 NOVELTY 36 NOVELTY GENERALLY 36 PRIOR ART GENERALLY 36 DISCLOSURE AND PRIOR USE 37 INVENTIVE STEP 39 OBVIOUSNESS AND PERSON SKILLED IN THE ART 40 TEST FOR INVENTIVE STEP 41 INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION 41 MEDICAL TREATMENTS 42 WHETHER A MEDICAL TREATMENT 43 OWNERSHIP 44 RIGHTS BEFORE FILING 44 FIRST-TO-FILE 44 WHEN TO FILE 44 CERTAINTY 44 THE US SYSTEM 45 RIGHTS WHILE PENDING 45 RIGHTS OF INVENTORS 46 APPLICANTS OTHER THAN INVENTORS 46 EMPLOYEE INVENTIONS 47 DISPUTES AS TO OWNERSHIP 48 RIGHTS OF JOINT INVENTORS 49 EXPLOITATION OF PATENTS 49 WORKING THE INVENTION 49 ASSIGNATIONS 49 ESTIMATING VALUE 50 LICENSING PATENTS 51 LICENCES OF RIGHT 51 COMPULSORY LICENCES 52 INFRINGEMENT AND REVOCATION 52 INFRINGING ACTS 53 CONTRIBUTORY INFRINGEMENT 53 GENERAL TEST FOR INFRINGEMENT 53 EXCEPTIONS TO INFRINGEMENT 54 REMEDIES FOR INFRINGEMENT 54 DAMAGES 55 REVOCATION 55 CHAPTER 4 * PATENT PROCEDURE 57 INTRODUCTION 57 PATENT SYSTEMS 57 PATENT PROCEDURE GENERALLY 58 CONTENTS XIII PATENT PROFESSIONALS 59 RULES OF THE PATENT OFFICE 59 PATENT RULES 60 IMPLEMENTING REGULATIONS 60 SEARCH PROCEDURE 60 GENERALLY 60 PURPOSE OF A SEARCH 61 CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM 61 PRIOR ART SEARCHES 62 AVOIDING PRIOR ART 62 PATENT OFFICE SEARCHES 63 THE PATENT APPLICATION 64 CONTENTS OF THE APPLICATION 64 FILING THE SPECIFICATION 65 THE DESCRIPTION 66 DESCRIPTION REQUIREMENTS 68 DRAWINGS 69 ACKNOWLEDGING PRIOR ART 71 CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION 71 SUFFICIENCY OF DISCLOSURE 72 IMPORTANCE 72 STANDARD FOR SUFFICIENCY 73 THE CLAIMS 74 REQUIREMENTS 74 DEFINING PROTECTION 75 BREVITY 75 SUPPORTED BY DISCLOSURE 76 WELL DRAFTED CLAIMS 76 AMENDED CLAIMS 77 UNITY OF INVENTION 78 NON-UNITARY APPLICATIONS 78 THE EXAMINATION PROCEDURE 78 PRIOR TO FULL PUBLICATION 78 AFTER PUBLICATION 79 PATENTABLE SUBJECT MATTER 79 EXAMINERS' OBJECTIONS 80 BASIS OF OBJECTIONS 80 OBSERVATIONS AND OPPOSITION BY THIRD PARTIES, INVALIDITY 81 GENERALLY 81 OPPOSITION PROCEDURE 81 APPLICATIONS FOR REVOCATION 82 APPEALS 82 INVALIDITY DEFENCE 83 GRANT AND REFUSAL 83 GRANT OF A PATENT 83 REFUSAL OF THE APPLICATION 84 APPEAL PROCEDURE 84 BASIS FOR REVIEW IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 84 BASIS FOR REVIEW AT THE EPO 85 THE PATENT CO-OPERATION TREATY 86 GENERALLY 86 FUNCTIONS OF THE PCT 86 XIV CONTENTS CHAPTER 5 * REGISTERED TRADE MARKS * FUNCTION AND REGISTRATION 89 HISTORY AND FUNCTION 89 THE FUNCTION OF REGISTERED TRADE MARKS * CASE LAW . . 91 SOME PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS 96 HOW DO TRADE MARKS ARISE? 97 WHY REGISTER? 98 BACKGROUND TO THE TRADE MARKS ACT 1994. . 98 DEFINITION OF A REGISTERED TRADE MARK 100 A SIGN CAPABLE OF GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION 103 CAPABLE OF DISTINGUISHING 104 ABSOLUTE GROUNDS FOR REFUSAL OF REGISTRATION. . . 105 SIGNS WHICH CANNOT BE TRADE MARKS 107 TRADE MARKS WHICH REQUIRE TO HAVE ACQUIRED DISTINCTIVENESS 108 SIGNS AND TRADE MARKS THAT CANNOT BE REGISTERED IRRESPECTIVE OF DISTINCTIVENESS 109 RELATIVE GROUNDS FOR REFUSAL OF REGISTRATION 112 APPLYING FOR A REGISTERED TRADE MARK 114 USE CLASSES 115 STEPS FOR REGISTRATION 115 EXAMINATION 116 PUBLICATION 116 REGISTERED TRADE MARKS AS PROPERTY 116 CERTIFICATION MARKS 117 ASSIGNATIONS 117 LICENCES 119 HONEST CONCURRENT USE 120 INVALIDITY ACTIONS 121 ACTIONS FOR REVOCATION 122 NON-USE 122 COMMON OR GENERIC TRADE MARKS 123 COLLECTIVE MARKS 124 COMMUNITY TRADE MARKS 125 THE MADRID PROTOCOL 126 CHAPTER 6 * REGISTERED TRADE MARKS * INFRINGEMENT 128 INTRODUCTION 128 TRADE MARK USE 129 LEGISLATIVE PROVISIONS 132 SECTION 10(1) 134 SECTION 10(2) 134 SECTION 10(3) 134 DEFENCES TO INFRINGEMENT 136 USE BY A PERSON OF HIS OWN NAME OR ADDRESS 137 USE OF INDICATIONS CONCERNING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GOODS 137 INTENDED PURPOSE 138 COMPARATIVE ADVERTISING 138 GROUNDLESS THREATS OF INFRINGEMENT 141 REMEDIES 141 PARALLEL IMPORTS 141 CONTENTS XV CHAPTER 7 * PASSING OFF 142 INTRODUCTION 142 A SHORT HISTORY 142 PASSING OFF AFTER THE TRADE MARKS ACT 1994 145 THE BASIS FOR THE PASSING OFF ACTION 146 THE TEST FOR PASSING OFF 150 THE SEMINAL CASE LAWFROM ADVOCAAT TO JIF LEMONS! 150 GOODWILL 153 GOODWILL BELONGING TO MORE THAN ONE PARTY 153 GOODWILL BELONGING TO GROUPS OF COMPANIES 154 DURATION OF GOODWILL 155 LOCAL AND FOREIGN GOODWILL 156 PERSONAL NAMES 157 MISREPRESENTATION 159 LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION 159 COMMON FIELD OF ACTIVITY 160 DAMAGE 161 REMEDIES 162 DAMAGES AND ACCOUNTING 164 DOMAIN NAMES AND PASSING OFF 164 INTRODUCTION 164 WHAT IS A DOMAIN NAME? 165 WHY DO DOMAIN NAME DISPUTES ARISE? 166 LITIGATION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 167 THE INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE 170 CHAPTER 8 COPYRIGHT 172 INTRODUCTION 172 HISTORY OF COPYRIGHT PROTECTION 172 COMMERCIAL RIGHTS AND MORAL RIGHTS 173 COPYRIGHT SUBJECT MATTER 173 THE 1988 ACT 173 LITERARY WORKS 174 DRAMATIC WORKS 177 MUSICAL WORKS 178 ARTISTIC WORKS 179 COMPOSITE WORKS AND PERFORMANCES 181 SECONDARY COPYRIGHT SUBJECT MATTER 181 SOUND RECORDINGS 182 FILMS 183 SOUNDTRACKS OF FILMS 183 BROADCASTS AND CABLE CASTS 183 TYPOGRAPHICAL ARRANGEMENTS 184 AUTHORSHIP, OWNERSHIP AND EXPLOITATION OF COPYRIGHT 185 AUTHORSHIP 185 OWNERSHIP 186 EXPLOITATION 187 TERM OF PROTECTION 189 INFRINGEMENT 191 GENERALLY 191 PRIMARY INFRINGEMENT 191 CONTRIBUTORY INFRINGEMENTS 194 XVI CONTENTS REMEDIES FOR INFRINGEMENT 194 DEFENCES TO INFRINGEMENT 195 DIGITAL WORKS 196 COMPUTERS AND COPYRIGHT GENERALLY 196 COMPUTERISED AUTHORSHIP 196 CONTRIBUTORY INFRINGEMENT AND SERVICE PROVIDER LIABILITY 197 NEW FORMS OF COMPUTER-RELATED SUBJECT MATTER 198 EU HARMONISATION 199 SPECIFIC SUBJECT MATTER 199 HARMONISATION DIRECTIVES 199 INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION 200 THE BERNE CONVENTION 200 THE UNITED STATES 201 CHAPTER 9 * MORAL RIGHTS AND PERFORMERS' RIGHTS 204 INTRODUCTION 204 WHAT COPYRIGHT PROTECTS 204 THE ARTIST'S INTERESTS 204 MORAL RIGHTS 205 ISSUES OF PROTECTION 205 ARTISTIC RISKS 205 INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION 206 THE RIGHT OF ATTRIBUTION 207 FALSE ATTRIBUTION 211 THE INTEGRITY RIGHT 213 RIGHT TO PRIVACY IN PHOTOGRAPHS AND FILMS 215 PERFORMERS' RIGHTS 216 THE NATURE OF RIGHTS 216 PROTECTION GIVEN 217 RECORDINGS 218 ECONOMIC RIGHTS OF PERFORMERS 219 MORAL RIGHTS OF PERFORMERS 220 INFRINGEMENT, DEFENCES AND REMEDIES 220 INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION 223 MORAL RIGHTS AND PERFORMERS' RIGHTS IN THE UNITED STATES 225 CHAPTER 10 * INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS 227 INTRODUCTION 227 WHAT A DESIGN IS 227 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 227 FORMS OF DESIGN PROTECTION 228 RELATIONSHIP TO COPYRIGHT PROTECTION 228 RELATIONSHIP TO PATENT PROTECTION 230 UNREGISTERED UNITED KINGDOM DESIGNS 230 REQUIREMENTS FOR UNREGISTERED DESIGN PROTECTION . 231 ORIGINALITY OF DESIGN 231 TANGIBLE FORM 232 A QUALIFYING PERSON 233 NOT EXCLUDED FROM PROTECTION 233 TERMS OF PROTECTION 235 CONTENTS XVII INFRINGEMENT 235 EXPLOITATION ISSUES 239 REGISTERED UNITED KINGDOM DESIGNS 241 ATTRIBUTES 241 RELATIONSHIP TO TRADE MARKS 241 REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTION 242 MULTIPLE APPLICATIONS, SETS AND MODIFICATIONS 246 TERM OF PROTECTION 247 INFRINGEMENT 247 SUMMARY OF THE DESIGN REGISTRATION PROCESS 249 EXPLOITATION ISSUES 250 UNREGISTERED COMMUNITY DESIGNS 250 BACKGROUND 250 REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTION 251 TERM OF PROTECTION 252 INFRINGEMENTS 253 RELATION TO OTHER DESIGN RIGHTS 253 REGISTERED COMMUNITY DESIGNS 254 THE COMMUNITY REGISTRATION SYSTEM GENERALLY 254 TERM OF PROTECTION 254 VALIDITY AND JURISDICTION 254 INFRINGEMENT AND JURISDICTION 255 LICENSING AND ASSIGNATIONS 256 INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION FOR DESIGN 256 COMMONWEALTH DESIGNS 256 INTERNATIONAL TREATIES 257 THE US SYSTEM 258 CHAPTER 11 * LAW OF CONFIDENTIALITY 260 INTRODUCTION 260 TRADE SECRETS 261 IS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION A FORM OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY? 262 BACKGROUND 264 BASIS OF THE OBLIGATION 265 BASIC PRINCIPLES 266 THE TEST IN COCO V CLARK 267 PUBLIC INTEREST AS A DEFENCE TO BREACH OF CONFIDENCE 281 WHEN DOES THE CONFIDENCE END? 283 RELATED ISSUES 284 CHAPTER 12 * FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS AND EXHAUSTION OF RIGHTS 285 INTRODUCTION 285 THE NEED FOR THE FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS 285 THE FREE MOVEMENT OF INTRA-MARKET GOODS 287 ARTICLES 28 AND 29 AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY. . . . 287 EXISTENCE AND EXERCISE: THE CONSTEN AND GRUNDIG CASE . . 287 SPECIFIC OBJECT OF RIGHTS 289 SPECIFIC SUBJECT MATTER OF RIGHTS 290 ESSENTIAL FUNCTION OF TRADE MARKS 293 DEROGATIONS AND ARTICLE 30 296 EXTRA-MARKET GOODS AND FREE MOVEMENT 298 GENERALLY 298 CONTENTS THE STATUS OF EXTRA-MARKET GOODS IN THE MARKET . 298 COMMUNITY COMPETENCE AS TO EXTERNAL GOODS 300 EXHAUSTION OF RIGHTS 301 THE NEED FOR HARMONISATION 301 THE TRADEMARKS DIRECTIVE 303 THE NATURE OF DIRECTIVES 303 HARMONISATION 304 COMMUNITY EXHAUSTION OF TRADE MARKS 305 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS 306 THE MEANING OF CONSENT 308 ARTICLE 7(2) 310 OTHER PROVISIONS OF THE TRADEMARKS DIRECTIVE 311 EXHAUSTION OF PATENTS, COPYRIGHTS AND DESIGN RIGHTS 313 CHAPTER 13 * ANTI-COMPETITIVE AGREEMENTS . 314 INTRODUCTION 314 THE CONFLICT GENERALLY 314 JUDICIAL AVOIDANCE 315 RESOLVING THE CONFLICT 315 THE DE MINIMIS EXCEPTION 317 DETERMINING THE SEVERITY OF THE EFFECT ON COMPETITION . . 318 DEFINING THE MARKET 319 PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF MARKET DEFINITIONS 320 FUTURE MARKETS 320 AGREEMENTS AND CONCERTED PRACTICES 321 DEFINITION OF AN UNDERTAKING 321 MODIFICATIONS OF WRITTEN AGREEMENTS 321 VERBAL AGREEMENTS 322 AUTOMATICALLY VOID AGREEMENTS 322 CONCERTED PRACTICES 323 EFFECT WITHIN THE MARKET 323 RESTRICTIONS ON WHERE PROTECTED GOODS ARE SOLD 324 EXPORT RESTRICTIONS 324 IMPORT RESTRICTIONS 325 DETERMINING THE EXISTENCE OF EXPORT-IMPORT RESTRICTIONS 325 ANTI-COMPETITIVE EFFECT OF TRADE RESTRICTIONS 326 EXPORT REQUIREMENTS 327 EXCEPTIONS TO THE RULE AGAINST TRADE RESTRICTIONS . 328 KNOW-HOW 328 BROADCASTING RIGHTS 328 NATIONAL VARIATIONS 329 RESTRICTIONS ON THE PERSONS TO WHOM PROTECTED GOODS MAY BE SOLD 329 RESALE RESTRICTIONS GENERALLY 329 BLANKET RESALE RESTRICTIONS 330 VERTICAL RESALE RESTRICTIONS 330 PRODUCT-SPECIFIC RESTRICTIONS 331 HORIZONTAL RESALE RESTRICTIONS 332 RESTRICTIONS ON THE PRICE AT WHICH PROTECTED GOODS MAY BE SOLD 332 GENERALLY 332 COMPETING THROUGH DISTRIBUTION 333 CONTENTS XIX SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION AND PRICE RESTRICTIONS 333 EVIDENCE OF PRICE RESTRICTIONS 334 REBATES AND DISCOUNTS 334 WARRANTIES AND GUARANTEES 335 THE IMPORTANCE OF AVOIDING ARTICLE 81 VIOLATIONS. . 335 PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS 335 EXCEPTIONS TO LIABILITY 336 CHAPTER 14 * ABUSE OF A DOMINANT POSITION . 337 ARTICLE 82 OF THE EC TREATY 337 GENERALLY 337 THE NATURE OF AN ARTICLE 82 VIOLATION 337 DOMINANCE 338 THE ARTICLE 82 MARKET 338 ARTICLE 82 MARKET DEFINITIONS 339 PRACTICAL EXAMPLES OF ARTICLE 82 MARKETS 339 THE PRODUCT MARKET 339 THE GEOGRAPHICAL MARKET 340 SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES IN RESPECT OF THE ARTICLE 82 MARKET 340 THE ARTICLE 82 DOMINANT POSITION 341 THE AVAILABILITY OF SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS AND DOMINANCE . . 341 RAW MATERIALS AND INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTS 341 THE TETRA PAK CASE 342 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS 343 PATENTS AND SUBSTITUTABILITY 343 CONSUMER PREFERENCES 343 TRADE MARKS AND EXCLUSIVITY 344 ARTICLE 82 ABUSES 344 ARTICLE 82 ABUSE GENERALLY 344 ECONOMIC DEPENDENCE 345 ARTICLE 82 AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 346 OWNERSHIP OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IS NOT ABUSIVE . 347 CATEGORIES OF ARTICLE 82 ABUSES 347 THE HILTI SITUATION 348 ATTEMPTS AT STOPPING PARALLEL IMPORTS 348 THE MAGILL SITUATION 349 THE FACTS OF THE MAGILL CASE 349 THE MAGILL REMEDY 350 THE ESSENTIAL FACILITIES DOCTRINE 351 ESSENTIAL MEANS INDISPENSABLE 352 THE LAW OF THE MAGILL CASE AND ARTICLE 82 ABUSES 353 THE IMPORTANCE OF MAGILL 354 INTEL CORP V VIA TECHNOLOGIES 354 CHAPTER 15 * EMERGING FORMS OF PROTECTION . . 356 INTRODUCTION 356 DATABASES 356 WHAT A DATABASE IS 356 THE DATABASE DIRECTIVE 358 COPYRIGHT PROTECTION FOR DATABASES 359 SUI GENERIS PROTECTION FOR DATABASES 360 XX CONTENTS UNITED STATES LAW 362 PROTECTION FOR SEMICONDUCTOR PRODUCTS 363 EARLY PROTECTION IN THE UNITED STATES 363 COPYRIGHT PROTECTION 363 THE EC SEMICONDUCTOR DIRECTIVE 364 PROTECTION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 364 INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION 367 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE AND EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS 367 2001 COPYRIGHT DIRECTIVE 370 UNITED STATES LAW 372 PROTECTION FOR NEW LIFE FORMS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 375 PATENT PROTECTION FOR NEW ANIMALS 375 PATENT PROTECTION FOR NEW PLANTS 375 REGISTERED PLANT VARIETIES 376 COMMUNITY LAW LICENSING ISSUE REGARDING PLANT VARIETIES 378 PATENT PROTECTION FOR BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES 379 MICROBES, TECHNICAL PROCESSES AND GENETIC MATERIAL . . . 379 CHAPTER 16 * FUTURE * THE EVOLUTION OF IPR? . . 381 A JUSTIFICATION FOR IPR? 381 CRYSTAL BALL GAZING 384 EMERGING ISSUES * PATENTS AND RELATED ISSUES . 384 THE COMMUNITY PATENT 384 UTILITY MODELS 386 PATENTS FOR SOFTWARE AND BUSINESS METHODS 387 BIOTECHNOLOGY 389 CHALLENGES OF THE INTERNET 393 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1STYLES 397 SCOTS LAW 397 SHORT FORM PATENT LICENCE 397 SHORT FORM TRADE MARK LICENCE AGREEMENT 411 PATENT ASSIGNATION 422 REGISTERED TRADE MARK ASSIGNATION 425 COPYRIGHT ASSIGNATION 428 PUBLISHING AGREEMENT 431 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT 445 INTERNATIONAL 458 US FORM COPYRIGHT LICENCE AGREEMENT 458 APPENDIX 2 PATENT FORMS 462 APPENDIX 3 * TRADE MARKS FORMS . 480 APPENDIX 4 * DESIGN FORMS 484 APPENDIX 5 * FREE MOVEMENT 496 APPENDIX 6 * MEMBERSHIP OF RELEVANT INTER- NATIONAL BODIES AND INTERNATIONAL TREATIES. . 512 APPENDIX 7 * TRADE MARK USE CLASSES . 513 APPENDIX 8 * LIST OF USEFUL WEBSITES 522 INDEX 529
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spellingShingle	Hays, Thomas E. Milne, Claire C. Intellectual property law in practice
title	Intellectual property law in practice
title_auth	Intellectual property law in practice
title_exact_search	Intellectual property law in practice
title_exact_search_txtP	Intellectual property law in practice
title_full	Intellectual property law in practice by Thomas E. Hays & Claire C. Milne
title_fullStr	Intellectual property law in practice by Thomas E. Hays & Claire C. Milne
title_full_unstemmed	Intellectual property law in practice by Thomas E. Hays & Claire C. Milne
title_short	Intellectual property law in practice
title_sort	intellectual property law in practice
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