Atomic force microscopy for biologists:
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| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London
Imperial College Press
2010
|
| Edition: | 2nd ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XIII, 406 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9781848164673 |
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Atomic force microscopy for biologists
Autor: Morris, Victor J
Jahr: 2010
CONTENTS
Acknowledgements xiii
CHAPTER 1 AN INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER 2 APPARATUS 5
2.1. The atomic force microscope 5
2.2. Piezoelectric Scanners 7
2.3. Probes and cantilevers 10
2.3.1. Cantile ver geometry 10
2.3.2. Tip shape 12
2.3.3. Tip functionality 14
2.4. Sample holders 14
2.4.1. Liquid cells 15
2.5. Detection methods 16
2.5.1. Optical detectors: laser beam deflection 16
2.5.2. Optical detectors: interferometry 18
2.5.3. Electrical detectors: electron tunnelling 19
2.5.4. Electrical detectors: capacitance 20
2.5.5. Electrical detectors: piezoelectric cantilevers 21
2.6. Control Systems 21
2.6.1. ARM electronics 21
2.6.2. Operation of the electronics 24
2.6.3. Feedback control loops 25
2.6.4. Design limitations 27
2.6.5. Enhancing the Performance of large Scanners 28
2.7. Vibration isolation: thermal and mechanical 28
2.8. Calibration 30
2.8.1. Piezoelectric Scanner non-linearity 30
2.8.2. Tip related factors: convolution 31
2.8.3. Calibration Standards 32
2.8.4. Tips for scanning a calibration specimen 33
2.9. Integrated AFMs 34
2.9.1. Combined AFM-light microscope (AFM-LM) 34
2.9.2. Submarine AFM ? the combined AFM-Langmuir Trough 35
2.9.3. Combined AFM-surface plasmon resonance (AFM-SPR) 36
2.9.4. Cryo-AFM 36
CHAPTER 3 BASIC PRINCIPLES 41
3.1. Forces 41
3.1.1. The Van der Waals force and force-distance curves 41
3.1.2. The electrostatic force 44
viii Contents
3.1.3. Capillary and adhesive forces
3.1.4. Double layer forces
3.2. Imaging modes
3.2.1. Contact de mode
3.2.2. Ac modes: Tapping and non-contact
3.2.3. Deflection mode
3.3. Image types
3.3.1. Topography
3.3.2. Frictional force
3.3.3. Phase
3.4. Substrates
3.4.1. Mica
3.4.2. Glass
3.4.3. Graphite
3.5. Common problems
3.5.1. Thermal drift
3.5.2. Multiple tip effects
3.5.3. The pool artifact
3.5.4. Optical interference on highly reflective samples
3.5.5. Sample roughness
3.5.6. Sample mobility
3.5.7. Imaging under liquid
3.6. Getting started
3.6.1. DNA
3.6.2. Troublesome large samples
3.7. Image optimisation
3.7.1. Grey levels and colour tables
3.7.2. Brightness and contrast
3.7.3. High and low pass filtering
3.7.4. Normalisation and plane fitting
3.7.5. Despike
3.7.6. Fourier filtering
3.7.7. Correlation averaging
3.7.8. Stereographs and anaglyphs
3.7.9. Do your homework!
CIL« LPTER4 MACROMOLECULES
4.1. Imaging methods
4.1.1. Tip adhesion, molecular damage and displacemei
4.1.2. Depositing macromolecules onto Substrates
4.1.3. Metal coated samples
4.1.4. Imaging in air
4.1.5. Imaging under non-aqueous liquids
44
46
47
47
47
54
55
55
56
56
58
58
58
58
59
59
59
61
61
62
63
64
65
65
68
70
70
71
71
71
71
72
73
73
74
76
76
76
77
78
79
80
4.1.6. Binding molecules to the Substrate
4.1.7. Imaging under water or buffers
4.2. Nucleic acids: DNA
4.2.1. Imaging DNA
4.2.2. DNA conformation, size and shape
4.2.3. DNA-protein interactions
4.2.4. Location and mapping of specific sites
4.2.5. Chromosomes
4.3. Nucleic acids: RNA
4.4. Polysaccharides
4.4.1. Imaging Polysaccharides
4.4.2. Size, shape, structure and conformation
4.4.3. Aggregates, networks and gels
4.4.4. Cellulose, plant cell walls and starch
4.4.5. Proteoglycans and mucins
4.5. Proteins
4.5.1. Globular proteins
4.5.2. Antibodies
4.5.3. Fibrous proteins
Contents ix
81
85
86
87
88
94
99
102
105
106
107
108
117
122
128
130
131
136
139
CHAPTER 5 INTERFACIAL SYSTEMS 181
5.1. Introduction to interfaces 181
5.1.1. Surface activity 181
5.1.2. AFM of interfacial Systems 184
5.1.3. The Langmuir trough 185
5.1.4. Langmuir-B lodgett film transfer 186
5.2. Sample preparation 188
5.2.1. Cleaning protocols: glassware and trough 188
5.2.2. Substrates 189
5.2.3. Performing the dip 191
5.3. Phospholipids 192
5.3.1. Early AFM studies of phospholipid films 193
5.3.2. Modification of phospholipid bilayers with the AFM 194
5.3.3. Studying intrinsic bilayer properties by AFM 196
5.3.4. Ripple phases in phospholipid bilayers 199
5.3.5. Mixed phospholipid films 202
5.3.6. Effect of supporting layers 205
5.3.7. Dynamic processes of phopholipid layers 208
5.4. Liposomes and intact vesicles 211
5.5. Lipid-protein mixed films 213
5.5.1. High resolution studies of phospholipid bilayers 217
5.6. Miscellaneous lipid films/surfactant films 219
x Contents
5.7. Interfacial protein films 219
5.7.1. Specific precautions 220
5.7.2. AFM studies of interfacial protein films 222
CHAPTER 6 ORDERED MACROMOLECULES 231
6.1. Three-dimensional crystals 231
6.1.1. Crystalline cellulose 231
6.1.2. Protein crystals 232
6.1.3. Nucleic acid crystals 235
6.1.4. Viruses and virus crystals 236
6.2. Two dimensional protein crystals: an introduction 240
6.2.1. What does AFM have to offer? 241
6.2.2. Sample preparation: membrane proteins 243
6.2.3. Sample preparation: soluble proteins 244
6.3. AFM studies of 2D membrane protein crystals 246
6.3.1. Purple membrane (bacteriorhodopsin) 246
6.3.2. Gapjunctions 249
6.3.3. Photosynthetic protein membranes 252
6.3.4. ATPase in kidney membranes 252
6.3.5. OmpF porin 253
6.3.6. Bacterial S layers 254
6.3.7. Bacteriophage J 29 head-tail connector 257
6.3.8. AFM imaging of membrane dynamics 259
6.3.9. Force spectroscopy of membrane proteins 261
6.3.10. Gas vesicle protein 261
6.4. AFM studies of 2D crystals of soluble proteins 262
6.4.1. Imaging conditions 264
6.4.2. Electrostatic considerations 266
CHAPTER 7 CELLS, TISSUE AND BIOMINERALS 276
7.1. Imaging methods 276
7.1.1. Sample preparation 277
7.1.2. Force mapping and mechanical measurements 278
7.2. Microbial cells: bacteria, spores and yeasts 290
7.2.1. Bacteria 290
7.2.2. Yeasts 300
7.3. Blood cells 302
7.3.1. Erythrocytes 302
7.3.2. Leukocytes and lymphocytes 304
7.3.3. Platelets 304
7.4. Neurons and Glial cells 306
7.5. Epithelial cells 307
Contents xi
7.6. Non-confluent renal cells 309
7.7. Endothelial cells 311
7.8. Cardiocytes 313
7.9. Other mammalian cells 314
7.10. Plant cells 317
7.11. Tissue 321
7.11.1. Embedded sections 321
7.11.2. Embedment-free sections 322
7.11.3. Hydrated sections 323
7.11.4. Freeze-fracture replicas 324
7.11.5. Immunolabelling 324
7.12. Biominerals 325
7.12.1. Bone, tendon and cartilage 325
7.12.2. Teeth 327
7.12.3. Shells 328
CHAPTER 8 OTHER PROBE MICROSCOPES 342
8.1. Overview 342
8.2. Scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) 342
8.3. Scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) 345
8.4. Scanning ion conductance microscope (SICM) 347
8.5. Scanning thermal microscope (SThM) 349
8.6. Optical tweezers and the photonic force microscope (PFM) 351
CHAPTER 9 FORCE SPECTROSCOPY 356
9.1. Force measurement with the AFM 356
9.2. First Steps in force spectroscopy: from raw data to force-distance curves 357
9.2.1. Quantifying cantilever displacement 357
9.2.2. Determining cantilever spring constants 359
9.2.3. Anatomy of a force-distance curve 362
9.3. Pulling methods 364
9.3.1. Intrinsic elastic properties of molecules 364
9.3.2. Molecular recognition force spectroscopy 369
9.3.3. Chemical force microscopy (CFM) 373
9.4. Pushing methods 374
9.4.1. Colloidal probe microscopy (CPM) 374
9.4.2. How to make a colloid probe cantilever assembly 377
9.4.3. Deformation and indentation methods 380
9.5. Analysis of force-distance curves 381
9.5.1. Worm-like chain and freely jointed chain modeis 382
9.5.2. Molecular interactions 384
9.5.3. Deformation analysis 387
9.5.4. Adhesive force at pull-off 388
xii Contents
9.5.5. Elastic indentation depth, 8, and contact radius, a, during
deformation 388
9.5.6. Contact radius at zero load 389
9.5.7. Colloidal forces 389
SPM Books 397
Index 399
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Morris, Victor J. Kirby, Andrew R. Gunning, A. Patrick |
| author_facet | Morris, Victor J. Kirby, Andrew R. Gunning, A. Patrick |
| author_role | aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Morris, Victor J. |
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| dewey-ones | 570 - Biology |
| dewey-raw | 570.282 |
| dewey-search | 570.282 |
| dewey-sort | 3570.282 |
| dewey-tens | 570 - Biology |
| discipline | Biologie |
| edition | 2nd ed. |
| format | Book |
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| spelling | Morris, Victor J. Verfasser aut Atomic force microscopy for biologists Victor J. Morris ; Andrew R. Kirby ; A. Parick Gunning 2nd ed. London Imperial College Press 2010 XIII, 406 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Rasterkraftmikroskopie (DE-588)4274473-8 gnd rswk-swf Biologisches Material (DE-588)4145633-6 gnd rswk-swf Biologisches Material (DE-588)4145633-6 s Rasterkraftmikroskopie (DE-588)4274473-8 s 1\p DE-604 Kirby, Andrew R. Verfasser aut Gunning, A. Patrick Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020169692&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Morris, Victor J. Kirby, Andrew R. Gunning, A. Patrick Atomic force microscopy for biologists Rasterkraftmikroskopie (DE-588)4274473-8 gnd Biologisches Material (DE-588)4145633-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4274473-8 (DE-588)4145633-6 |
| title | Atomic force microscopy for biologists |
| title_auth | Atomic force microscopy for biologists |
| title_exact_search | Atomic force microscopy for biologists |
| title_full | Atomic force microscopy for biologists Victor J. Morris ; Andrew R. Kirby ; A. Parick Gunning |
| title_fullStr | Atomic force microscopy for biologists Victor J. Morris ; Andrew R. Kirby ; A. Parick Gunning |
| title_full_unstemmed | Atomic force microscopy for biologists Victor J. Morris ; Andrew R. Kirby ; A. Parick Gunning |
| title_short | Atomic force microscopy for biologists |
| title_sort | atomic force microscopy for biologists |
| topic | Rasterkraftmikroskopie (DE-588)4274473-8 gnd Biologisches Material (DE-588)4145633-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Rasterkraftmikroskopie Biologisches Material |
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