Genetic biochemistry: from gene to protein
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Chichester u.a.
Horwood u.a.
1988
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Ellis Horwood books in the biological science / series in gene technology
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. S. [205] - 215 |
| Beschreibung: | 233 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0745804381 0470211393 |
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| 240 | 1 | 0 | |a Biochimie génétique |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Genetic biochemistry |b from gene to protein |c J. Etienne-Decant in collab. with F. Millot |
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| 264 | 1 | |a Chichester u.a. |b Horwood u.a. |c 1988 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804118617881575424 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | GENETIC
BIOCHEMISTRY:
From Gene to Protein
J ETIENNE-DECANT
Professor of Biochemistry, Saint-Antoine Faculty of Medicine
University of Paris VI, France
in collaboration with
F MILLOT
Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
Translation: JACQUIE WELCH
University of Southampton
Translation Editor: Dr J L FRANCIS
University Department of Haematology
Southampton General Hospital
ELLIS HORWOOD LIMITED
Publishers • Chichester
Halsted Press: a division of
JOHN WILEY amp; SONS
New York • Chichester • Brisbane • Toronto
Table of contents
PREFACE 13
ABBREVIATIONS 15
1 NUCLEIC ACIDS 17
I GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS 17
II NUCLEOTIDES 17
A Elements constituting nucleotides 17
1 The base 18
2 The sugar 20
3 Phosphoric acid 22
B Combination of the three elements constituting a nucleotide 22
1 Sugar-base linkage 22
2 H3PO4-sugar linkage 22
C Names of the different nucleotides 23
1 Nucleotides containing a pyrimidine-base 23
2 Nucleotides containing a purine-base 23
D Combination of nucleotides in a nucleic acid 24
1 Bonds joining the nucleotides 24
2 The reading convention of a nucleic acid 25
III DNA 26
A Characteristics of DNA 26
1 Characteristics unique to DNA 26
2 Characteristics of the two DNA chains 26
B The DNA of different living things 33
1 Viruses 34
2 Prokaryotes 34
3 Eukaryotes 34
C New discoveries concerning the structure of DNA 35
Table of contents
1 Topo-isomers and topo-isomerases 35
2 Left-handed DNA or Z-DNA 39
D Study of DNA sequences 42
1 Cutting of DNA by restriction enzymes 42
2 Determination of the base sequence from fragments obtained
from DNA 45
E Modification enzymes 50
IV THE RNAs 52
A Characteristics of the RNAs 52
B The rules of pairing 52
C The different RNAs 53
1 Ribosomic RNA (rRNA) 53
2 Transfer RNA (tRNA) 54
3 Messenger RNA (mRNA) 65
2 PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 67
I TRANSCRIPTION 67
A Definition 67
B Characteristics 68
C Elements needed for transcription 68
1 Nucleotides 68
2 An enzyme: RNA polymerase 68
3 A DNA model 68
D The different stages of transcription 68
1 The start of transcription 68
2 Transcription proper 70
3 End of transcription 70
4 Remarks on transcription 73
E What are the products of transcription? 75
1 mRNAs 77
2 tRNAs and rRNAs 77
F Po st-transcriptional modifications 77
1 In prokaryotes 77
2 In eukaryotes 78
G Transcription in eukaryotes 78
1 Structure of DNA eukaryote: exons and introns 78
2 The different phases of transcription 79
3 How do excisions of intron transcripts and splicing of
exon transcripts come about? 80
4 Role of introns 83
II TRANSLATION 84
A The genetic code 85
1 The three-letter code 85
2 Deciphering the genetic code 87
3 Characteristics of the code 87
B Site of translation 89
Table of contents 7
C The necessary elements 89
1 Amino acids 89
2 mRNA 89
3 tRNA 89
D The different phases of translation 90
1 Initiation 90
2 Elongation 92
3 Termination 94
E Energy balance 95
1 For the initiation phase 95
2 For the elongation phase 95
3 For the termination phase 98
F Comments on 99
1 Polysomes 99
2 The cap 99
G The wobble or fluctuating base 100
1 What do we call base wobble ? 100
2 The different types of wobble: I/UCA, U/G and G/U (and
U/N in mitochondria) 100
3 Significance: what is the significance of these wobble linkages? 107
H Post-translational modifications 107
1 Examples of permanent modification 107
2 Examples of reversible modification 108
I Signal sequence 108
1 Which proteins have a signal sequence? 108
2 Synthesis of signal sequence proteins by linked ribosomes 108
3 The role of the SRP ( signal recognition particle ) 108
4 Cleavage of the signal sequence 109
5 An experiment demonstrating the role of the signal sequence 109
J Some examples of biosynthesis 110
1 Insulin synthesis 110
2 Immunoglobulin synthesis I l l
3 REGULATION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 120
I REGULATION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN PROKARYOTES 120
A Regulation during transcription - 120
1 Induction — e g the lactose operon 120
2 Repression — e g the tryptophan operon 125
3 Comparison of induction and repression 127
B Regulation during translation 127
1 Significance 127
2 r-Proteins in excess block their own mRNA 127
3 How is the affinity of r-proteins for both rRNAs and mRNAs at
once explained on the molecular scale? 128
C How does protein-nucleic acid recognition occur? 129
1 Examples of protein-nucleic acid recognition 129
8 Table of contents
2 Possible recognition mechanisms 129
II REGULATION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN EUKARYOTES 130
A Resume of the structure of the eukaryote chromosome —
nucleosomes, histone and non-histone proteins 130
B Gene expression 131
1 Experiments involving transplantation of the nucleus 131
2 Hypomethylation and gene expression 132
3 DNA sequences controlling the expression of certain genes in
higher eukaryotes ( enhancers and silencers ) 133
4 Comment on thermic shock proteins 134
C Hormones 134
1 Definition 134
2 Mechanism of action 134
4 REPLICATION 138
I REPLICATION IN PROKARYOTES 138
A What is the fundamental characteristic of replication? 138
B Elements needed for replication 138
1 The need for parental DNA 138
2 The need for nucleotides 139
3 The need for enzymes 139
4 The need for bivalent cations 139
C Replication mechanisms 140
1 Synthesis of new nucleotides 140
2 The propagation of replication is bidirectional 140
3 Replication is discontinuous for one of the two strands 141
4 The need for RNA primers 142
5 Comment on editing enzymes 143
II REPLICATION IN EUKARYOTES 145
III MUTATIONS 146
A Definition 146
B Different types of mutation 147
1 Mutations without change in the reading frame 147
2 Mutations with a change in the reading frame 147
C Some consequences of mutations 148
1 Diseases 148
2 Theory of evolution 149
D Mutagenic agents 149
1 Chemical agents , 149
2 Physical agents 149
= E Repair of the thymine dimers 150
1 Repair by excision-resynthesis 150
2 Post-replicative repairs 151
3 The SOS system 153
Table of contents 9
5 VIRUSES 155
I STRUCTURE 155
II PATHOGENIC POWER OF VIRUSES 155
III EXAMPLES OF VIRUSES 156
A The AIDS virus 156
1 AIDS 156
2 The AIDS virus is a retrovirus 156
B The hepatitis B virus 160
1 The original structure of the hepatitis B virus 160
2 The genes (overlapping!) 161
3 Replication of the hepatitis B virus 162
IV COMMENTS ON VIROIDS AND PRIONS 163
1 Viroids 163
2 Prions 163
6 SUMMARY OF THE VARIOUS DNA - RNA CONVERSIONS
DESCRIBED IN THE PRECEDING CHAPTERS 165
7 CANCER 166
I DEFINITION 166
II ORIGIN OF CANCER IN MAN 166
III PROTO-ONCOGENES 167
1 Definition and some examples 167
2 Proto-oncogenes have a cellular, not viral, origin 168
IV PROTEINS CODED FOR BY PROTO-ONCOGENES AND
ONCOGENES 168
A The ras family 171
1 The ras proto-oncogene 171
2 The ras oncogene 171
B The src family 174
1 Proteins coded for by src genes have tyrosine kinase properties 174
2 The coded proteins can be hybrids 174
C Family related to the src family 175
1 Relationship between src proteins and erb-B proteins, etc 175
2 Comparison of the protein coded for by erb-B and the EGF
receptor 175
D The myc family 175
E The sis family 176
1 The protein coded for by the sis proto-oncogene is secreted 176
2 The protein coded for by the viral sis oncogene is a hybrid
protein 176
3 Analogies between the sequence of the sis protein and
ofPDGF 176
4 Tyrosine plays a key role in the control of growth 176
10 Table of contents
V SOME EXAMPLES OF TRANSFORMATIONS OF
PROTO-ONCOGENES INTO ONCOGENES INVOLVED IN
HUMAN TUMOURS 176
A Qualitative modifications: point mutations 177
B Qualitative modifications: over-expression 177
1 Genetic amplification 177
2 Activation of gene transcription 177
C Possible involvement of several oncogenes 180,-
VI HOW TO DETERMINE IF A PRODUCT IS CARCINOGENIC 180
A Carcinogenic power in animals 180
B Mutagenic power on a bacterium 180
8 DRUGS INTERFERING WITH REPLICATION AND/OR
SYNTHESIS 182
I ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS 182
II ANTIBIOTICS 184
III ANTIVIRAL AGENTS 184
1 Some examples of antiviral agents inhibiting viral RNA or
DNA polymerases 184
2 Interferons 184
9 GENETIC ENGINEERING 188
I WHATIS RECOMBINANTDNA? 188
A Isolation of the eukaryote gene 188
1 Cutting DNA containing the gene required, using a
restriction enzyme 188
2 Preparation of cDNA 189
B The DNA vector 189
C Preparation of recombinant DNA 190
1 Where the gene and the vector DNA have adhesive ends 190
2 Where the DNA has blunt ends 190
D Introduction of recombinant DNA into the bacterial cell 190
II APPLICATIONS 191
A Cloning 191
1 The aim 191
2 What is a clone? 191
3 cDNA and genome banks 191
4 Screening the banks 192
5 Results 194
B Expressing the gene 194
1 Difficulties in making a bacterium express a eukaryote gene:
the necessity for bacterial signals 194
2 Use of mammalian cells in place of E coli 196
3 Some examples of protein syntheses 196
C Microinjection of genes into embryos 200
H
Table of contents 11
D Examples of diagnoses of hereditary diseases by genetic
engineering techniques using molecular hybridisation 200
1 Research into hepatitis B virus 200
2 Prenatal diagnosis 201
10 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 205
11 SEVENTY-FIVE EXERCISES AND ANSWERS RELATING
TO VARIOUS CHAPTERS 216
INDEX 231
|
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| language | English |
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| spelling | Etienne-Decant, Jacqueline Verfasser aut Biochimie génétique Genetic biochemistry from gene to protein J. Etienne-Decant in collab. with F. Millot 1. publ. Chichester u.a. Horwood u.a. 1988 233 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Ellis Horwood books in the biological science / series in gene technology Literaturverz. S. [205] - 215 Gentechnologie (DE-588)4071722-7 gnd rswk-swf Gentechnologie (DE-588)4071722-7 s DE-604 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002757480&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Etienne-Decant, Jacqueline Genetic biochemistry from gene to protein Gentechnologie (DE-588)4071722-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4071722-7 |
| title | Genetic biochemistry from gene to protein |
| title_alt | Biochimie génétique |
| title_auth | Genetic biochemistry from gene to protein |
| title_exact_search | Genetic biochemistry from gene to protein |
| title_full | Genetic biochemistry from gene to protein J. Etienne-Decant in collab. with F. Millot |
| title_fullStr | Genetic biochemistry from gene to protein J. Etienne-Decant in collab. with F. Millot |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic biochemistry from gene to protein J. Etienne-Decant in collab. with F. Millot |
| title_short | Genetic biochemistry |
| title_sort | genetic biochemistry from gene to protein |
| title_sub | from gene to protein |
| topic | Gentechnologie (DE-588)4071722-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Gentechnologie |
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