The social impact of the Chad-Cameroon oil pipeline: how industrial development affects gender relations, land tenure, and local culture
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Lewiston, N.Y. [u.a.]
Mellen
2007
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Table of contents only Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XIII, 217 S. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9780773454859 0773454853 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Endeley, Joyce B. Mbongo |d 1956- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)133297772 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The social impact of the Chad-Cameroon oil pipeline |b how industrial development affects gender relations, land tenure, and local culture |c Joyce B. Mbongo Endeley and Fondo Sikod |
| 264 | 1 | |a Lewiston, N.Y. [u.a.] |b Mellen |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a XIII, 217 S. |b Ill., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Développement industriel - Projets - Cameroun |2 ram | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Femmes en milieu rural - Cameroun |2 ram | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Rôle selon le sexe - Cameroun |2 ram | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Gesellschaft | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Industrial development projects |z Cameroon |x Social aspects | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Rural women |z Cameroon | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sex role |z Cameroon | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Land use |z Cameroon | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Petroleum pipelines |z Cameroon | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Petroleum pipelines |z Chad | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Geschlechterverhältnis |0 (DE-588)4020548-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Wirtschaftsentwicklung |0 (DE-588)4066438-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Landschaftsverbrauch |0 (DE-588)4123611-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Erdöl |0 (DE-588)4015179-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Pipeline |0 (DE-588)4125984-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Ländlicher Raum |0 (DE-588)4034026-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Sozialer Wandel |0 (DE-588)4077587-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 4 | |a Cameroon |x Rural conditions | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Tschad-Kamerun-Pipeline |0 (DE-588)4767402-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Kamerun |0 (DE-588)4029413-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Kamerun |0 (DE-588)4029413-4 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Erdöl |0 (DE-588)4015179-7 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Pipeline |0 (DE-588)4125984-1 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 3 | |a Wirtschaftsentwicklung |0 (DE-588)4066438-7 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 689 | 1 | 0 | |a Kamerun |0 (DE-588)4029413-4 |D g |
| 689 | 1 | 1 | |a Ländlicher Raum |0 (DE-588)4034026-0 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | 2 | |a Wirtschaftsentwicklung |0 (DE-588)4066438-7 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | 3 | |a Landschaftsverbrauch |0 (DE-588)4123611-7 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 689 | 2 | 0 | |a Kamerun |0 (DE-588)4029413-4 |D g |
| 689 | 2 | 1 | |a Wirtschaftsentwicklung |0 (DE-588)4066438-7 |D s |
| 689 | 2 | 2 | |a Geschlechterverhältnis |0 (DE-588)4020548-4 |D s |
| 689 | 2 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 689 | 3 | 0 | |a Kamerun |0 (DE-588)4029413-4 |D g |
| 689 | 3 | 1 | |a Wirtschaftsentwicklung |0 (DE-588)4066438-7 |D s |
| 689 | 3 | 2 | |a Sozialer Wandel |0 (DE-588)4077587-2 |D s |
| 689 | 3 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 689 | 4 | 0 | |a Tschad-Kamerun-Pipeline |0 (DE-588)4767402-7 |D g |
| 689 | 4 | 1 | |a Geschlechterverhältnis |0 (DE-588)4020548-4 |D s |
| 689 | 4 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Sikod, Fondo |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 856 | 4 | |u http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0712/2007008299.html |3 Table of contents only | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HBZ Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015660395&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1822589454807728128 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
Table of Contents
Foreword by Stephen A. Wolfgram Ph.D i
Preface vi
Acknowledgments xi
Chapter One Background to the Research 1
Introduction ]
The Research Problem 3
Research Questions 5
Main and Specific Objectives 6
Significance of Study 6
Definition of Key Concepts 7
Compensation Plans 7
Gender Relations 7
Livelihood 8
Capability 8
Social Behaviour 8
Power Relations 8
Social Transformation 9
Transnational Corporations 9
Community Governance 9
Environmental Health 9
Human Rights 9
Perceptions of Land and Natural Resources 10
Land Tenure 10
Categories of Women 11
Displacement 11
Movements 11
Summary 11
Chapter Two Literature Review 13
Concept of Globalisation and Asymmetry 13
Gender Relations and Globalisation 15
Consideration of Gender in Globalisation Projects 15
Gender Issues Associated with Globalising Projects 16
Opportunities and Threats of Globalising Projects on Women and Men . 18
Globalisation, Gender Relations and Rural Land Use 19
Globalisation, Gender and Resistance 21
Globalisation, Gender and Sustainable Livelihoods 23
Globalisation, Multinational Corporations and Development 24
Chapter Three Methodology 29
Areaof Study 29
Population, Sample Size and Sampling Procedure 31
Instrumentation 32
Reliability and Validity of Instruments 33
Data Collection Procedures and Techniques 34
Limitations of Study 36
Data Analysis 38
Chapter Four The Political Economy of Cameroon 41
Brief Background on Cameroon and Its Economy 41
Structural Reforms: Its Nexus With Poverty And Livelihood 43
Natural Resources and the Environment 46
Land Use 48
Gender, Land Tenure, and Institutional Issues in Cameroon 48
Gender in Customary Aspects of Land Tenure in Cameroon 51
Gender in Institutional Aspects of Land Tenure 53
Chapter Five Overview of the Chad Cameroon Oil Pipeline Project 55
A Controversial Project 55
World Bank Approval of the Chad Cameroon Pipeline Project:
A Controversial Project 57
Project Financing 60
Chapter Six The Impact of The Oil Pipeline Project on The Political
Economy of The Affected Communities 63
The Political Economy of the Affected Communities 63
The Governance Structure and Gender Involvement 63
Land Tenure and Gender Relations 65
Gender, Community Resources Use, Control and Management
and Livelihoods 70
Chapter Seven Community Participation in The Oil Pipeline Project 75
Introduction 75
Preparation of the Community as Concerns Execution of the Project 76
Gender and Labour Supply 84
Community Participation by Gender and Life Cycle 97
Women in the Construction of the Project (as construction and
non construction workers 97
Men in the Construction of the Project (construction and
non construction workers) 97
Youths in the Construction of the Project (construction and
non construction workers 98
Relationship between the Community and the Staff of Project
Construction Companies 98
Community Reaction to the Project 105
Implementing companies/NGOs 109
Host communities 110
Host government 110
Chapter Eight Description and Valuation of Compensations Ill
Introduction Rationale for Compensation Ill
Types of Compensations: Individual, Community and Regional 112
Characteristics of Individual compensation 112
Demographics of Beneficiaries 113
Compensation and Use of Compensation 115
Use of Individual Compensation 118
Level of Satisfaction or Disenchantment with Individual Compensation 119
Community and Regional Compensations 119
Management of Compensation 123
Impact of Compensation on Livelihood 123
Participation in the Selection of Compensation Items 125
Quality and Quantity of Compensations 125
Appreciation of Community Compensations 126
Chapter Nine The Impact of the Project on the Livelihoods
of Affected Communities 133
Impact of Project on Community Resources 133
Forest, Land, Water and other Natural Resources 133
Labour Resources 135
Impact of Project on Livelihoods 136
Livelihood activities 136
Household consumption status 137
Employment status 137
Beneficiaries 138
Change in welfare status 138
Change in livelihood status 140
Change in household and community consumption patterns: 141
Impact on Business Activities 141
Negative Outcomes of the Project 145
Characteristics of Emerging New Businesses 146
Changes in the Agricultural Sector 148
Changes in the Availability of Food and Other Basic Welfare Items . 148
Chapter Ten Project Impact on Gender Relations, Land Resource and
Community Livelihoods in Affected Communities 151
Introduction 151
Project impact on social and gender relations 151
Gender and Governance 153
Gender Relations and Representation in the Governance Structure 154
Gender and Forms of Decision Making 155
Social and Population Dynamics in the Affected Communities 157
The Impact of the Project on Social Behaviour and Gender Relations . 158
Project Factors that are Affecting Gender Relations 160
Emerging Incidences of Globalisation 161
Effect of the Project on Social Phenomenon: Prostitution,
Consumption of Alcohol, and Migration 161
Prostitution 161
Alcohol consumption 163
Migration 163
Changes in community 163
Land Distribution and Tenure in Affected Communities 164
Land types and distribution 164
Gender Relations and Land Ownership 166
Chapter Eleven Relationship Between Communities and Construction
Companies and Service Providers 169
Disobedience and Strike Actions 169
Relationships between Communities and Construction Companies 170
Relationship between Communities and Local COTCO Representatives . 172
Perception of the Role Played by NGOs in the Communities 173
Suggested Changes for Improvement of Project 175
Suggested Changes by Community Leaders for Improvement
of Future Projects 176
Chapter Twelve Discussion, Lessons, Challenges, Conclusion
and Policy Implications 177
Discussion 178
Public Expectations vis a vis the Project 178
Globalising Effect of the Project Gains and Losses 182
Effect of the Project on Gender Relations Gains and Losses 186
Impact of Project on Gender Relations to Land Gains and Losses . 187
The Overall Impact of the Project on the Political Economy of
Affected Communities 189
Compensation Adequacy, Appropriateness and
Issues of Participation 194
Lessons and Challenges from the Oil Pipeline Project 196
Conclusions 197
Recommendations 202
Policy Implication 204
Further Research 205
Bibliography 207
Index 213
List of Tables
Table 1: Distribution of Study Sites by Administrative Units
(Division and Sub division), length of Laid Pipeline,
Ecological Zones and Ethnic Group 37
Table 2: Opinion on Ownership of Land and land Title Focus Group Men . 50
Table 3: Suggestion for the Improvement of the Decision Making Process
(Women Focus Groups) 65
Table 4: Means By Which Different Categories of Women Gain Access to
and Acquire Land 67
Table 5: Perspectives of Men's Focus Groups on the Form of Control
Women Should Have over Land They Used 68
Table 6: Perspectives of Men's Focus Group as Concerns Women's Control
over Land Resources 69
Table 7: Reasons Why People Do Not Have Equal Access to Resources
(Men's Perceptions) 74
Table 8: The Role Played by the Village Political Structure as indicated by
the Men's Focus Groups 77
Table 9: The Opinion of Men's Focus Groups on the Rate of the
Effectiveness of Community Preparation 78
Table 10: Suggestion On How to Better Prepare the Community for
Active Participation by Men's Focus Groups 82
Table 11: Opinion of Key Informants on the Effectiveness and
Adequacy of Community Preparation as Concern the Project 84
Table 12: Employment Status of Community Members by Gender
Prior to Project Construction as indicated by Key Informants 89
Table 13: Type of Employment Offered to Male and Female Youths as
Indicated by Key Informants 90
Table 14: Average Employment Duration (in weeks)
by Key Informants 91
Table 15: Recruitment Criteria as Reported by Male and Female
Youth Focus Groups in Affected Communities 92
Table 16: Procedures to Complete Before Being Hired as Reported by
Male Female Youth Focus Groups 93
Table 17: Distribution of the Effect of the Pipeline Project on
the Employment Situation of Young People by Male and
Female Youth Focus Groups 95
Table 18: Assessment of The Relationship between the Community
and The Staff of Project Construction Companies as Perceived by
the Men's Focus Groups 99
Table 19: Perception of COTCO, SPIE CAPAG, Wilbros and NGOs
as Indicated by Men's Focus Groups 100
Table 20: Assessment of the Local COTCO Representative as Indicated
by the Key Informants 101
Table 21: Description of Relationship between Community and
Construction Agencies as Indicated by Key Informants 102
Table 22: Valuation of the Relationship between Communities and Non¬
governmental Organisations as indicated by key Informants 104
Table 23: Outcomes of Collective Actions as Indicated by Key Informants . 108
Table 24: Changes Respondents would recommend to a Similar Project
as indicated by the Key Informant 10'
Table 25: Recommendations to Improve on Worker's Conditions/Affected
Population in a Similar Project as indicated
by the Key Informants 11"
Table 26: Distribution of Respondents' Demographic
(principal occurrences) Individual Beneficiaries 114
Table 27: Distribution of Respondents' nature of Compensation, Items
Compensated, Amount of Compensation level of
Satisfaction of Compensation, Utility of Compensation
and Impact of Compensation 116
Table 28: Use of In Kind Compensation as indicated by the Key
Informants 123
Table 29: Change in The Welfare of the Communities as indicated
by Community Leaders (Key Informants) 123
Table 30: Impact of Compensation on Gender Relationship as indicated
by Men's Focus Groups 124
Table 31: Impact of Compensation on Youths as observed by The Key
Informants 124
Table 32: Men's Opinions on whether the Compensation met
the Expectations of Community Members 127
Table 33: Assessment of the Roles of Men and Women in the Management
of Community/Regional Compensation as indicated
by Men's Focus Groups 128
Table 34: Complaints associated with Individual, Community and
Regional Compensations as Indicated by Key Informants 128
Table 35: Reasons for Grievances against Received Community
Compensations as Indicated by Men's Focus Groups 129
Table 36: Valuation of Benefits Accrued to Men and Women Employed
by the Project as Indicated by Women's Focus Groups 130
Table 37: The Effects of the Project on Community Resources as Perceived
by Key Informants 135
Table 38: Changes in the Welfare of the Affected Community and its
Members 139
Table 39: Impact of Project on Livelihoods in Affected Communities
as indicated by Key Informants 141
Table 40: Commercial Activities that Occurred as a Result of the
Pipeline Project as indicated by the Men (Focus Groups) 142
Table 41: Commercial Activities that emerged during
Project Construction as reported by Key Informants 142
Table 42: Selection Criteria for Women Contractors as indicated
by the Men's Focus Groups 143
Table 43: Benefits that Accrued to Households, Female Contractors and
Men With Paid Employment as Indicated by the Key Informants . 144
Table 44: Benefits that Accrued to Household Members in General
as indicated by Women's Focus Groups 144
Table 45: Sustainability of Benefits as indicated by Women's Focus Group . 145
Table 46: Negative Consequences of People's Participation in the
Project as indicated by Men's Focus Group 146
Table 47: Duration of Business Activities in Communities as indicated
by the Key Informants 147
Table 48: Evaluation of Commercial Activities during Project
Construction as indicated by Key Informants 147
Table 49: Changes observed in the Agricultural Sector as Reported
by Community Leaders (Key Informants) 148
Table 50: Availability of Food and other Basic Welfare Items
during Project Construction as indicated by Key Informants 149
Table 51: Changes in Basic Welfare and Consumption of Food Items
as indicated by Women's Focus Groups 151
Table 52: Factors Influencing the Relationships between Women
and Men as indicated by the Men's Focus Groups 152
Table 53: Changes in Gender Relations during Project Construction as
Perceived by the Men's Focus Groups 153
Table 54: Gender Involved in Decision Making and Could Head Decision
Making Structures as indicated by Men's Focus Group 153
Table 55: Social Groups in the Communities as Indicated by Key Informants 157
Table 56: Distribution of the Population by Age and Gender as
Indicated by Key Informants 158
Table 57: Impact of Compensation on Gender Relations as Observed
by Women's Focus Groups 159
Table 58: Women and Men's Relations to Resources both at
Community and Household levels 160
Table 59: Factors Influencing Relationships between Men and Women
as indicated by Women's Focus Group 161
Table 60: Distribution of Rate of Prostitution as Indicated
by Men's Focus Group 162
Table 61: Changes in Alcohol Consumption in Communities as
Indicated by Key Informants 164
Table 62: Changes in Alcohol Consumption in the Communities as
Indicated by Women's Focus Group 164
Table 63: Perceived Consequences of Increased Alcohol Consumption as
Indicated by Men's Focus Groups 164
Table 64: Land Holdings in the Communities as indicated by
the Key Informants 165
Table 65: Land Belonging to Individual Families and Control of
Such Land as Indicated by Key Informants 165
Table 66: Access and Control over Family Land by Divorced Women as
Indicated by Community Key Informants 167
Table 67: Men's Reaction as Concern Land Sales to
Women in Communities 167
Table 68: The Fate of Women's Landed Property when the Woman Dies as
Indicated by Key Informants 168
Table 69: Perception of Relationship Between Communities and
Project Agencies as Indicated by Key Informants 171
Table 70: Distribution of Informants' Perception of their Relationship with
the Local COTCO Representatives by Key Informants 172
Table 71: Distribution of Informants' Perception of their Relationship
with the Local COTCO Representative by Key Informant 174
List of Figures
Figure 1: The Status of Men and Women in the Community 64
Figure 2: Community Resources 71
Figure 3: Focus of Pre construction Preparation of Communities 80
Figure 4: Persons/Agents Responsible for Raising Awareness 81
Figure 5: Major Problems and Challenges Facing Communities
Prior to Construction of Project 83
Figure 6: Employment Status in the Communities before
Construction of the Project 86
Figure 7: Breakdown of Jobs According to Categories, 2nd Quarter, 2002 . 90
Figure 8: Salary Range of Respondents 94
Figure 9: Compensations Women Indicated They Preferred 120
Figurel 0: Decision making in the community as indicated by the
Women's Focus Groups 156 |
| adam_txt |
Table of Contents
Foreword by Stephen A. Wolfgram Ph.D i
Preface vi
Acknowledgments xi
Chapter One Background to the Research 1
Introduction ]
The Research Problem 3
Research Questions 5
Main and Specific Objectives 6
Significance of Study 6
Definition of Key Concepts 7
Compensation Plans 7
Gender Relations 7
Livelihood 8
Capability 8
Social Behaviour 8
Power Relations 8
Social Transformation 9
Transnational Corporations 9
Community Governance 9
Environmental Health 9
Human Rights 9
Perceptions of Land and Natural Resources 10
Land Tenure 10
Categories of Women 11
Displacement 11
Movements 11
Summary 11
Chapter Two Literature Review 13
Concept of Globalisation and Asymmetry 13
Gender Relations and Globalisation 15
Consideration of Gender in Globalisation Projects 15
Gender Issues Associated with Globalising Projects 16
Opportunities and Threats of Globalising Projects on Women and Men . 18
Globalisation, Gender Relations and Rural Land Use 19
Globalisation, Gender and Resistance 21
Globalisation, Gender and Sustainable Livelihoods 23
Globalisation, Multinational Corporations and Development 24
Chapter Three Methodology 29
Areaof Study 29
Population, Sample Size and Sampling Procedure 31
Instrumentation 32
Reliability and Validity of Instruments 33
Data Collection Procedures and Techniques 34
Limitations of Study 36
Data Analysis 38
Chapter Four The Political Economy of Cameroon 41
Brief Background on Cameroon and Its Economy 41
Structural Reforms: Its Nexus With Poverty And Livelihood 43
Natural Resources and the Environment 46
Land Use 48
Gender, Land Tenure, and Institutional Issues in Cameroon 48
Gender in Customary Aspects of Land Tenure in Cameroon 51
Gender in Institutional Aspects of Land Tenure 53
Chapter Five Overview of the Chad Cameroon Oil Pipeline Project 55
A Controversial Project 55
World Bank Approval of the Chad Cameroon Pipeline Project:
A Controversial Project 57
Project Financing 60
Chapter Six The Impact of The Oil Pipeline Project on The Political
Economy of The Affected Communities 63
The Political Economy of the Affected Communities 63
The Governance Structure and Gender Involvement 63
Land Tenure and Gender Relations 65
Gender, Community Resources Use, Control and Management
and Livelihoods 70
Chapter Seven Community Participation in The Oil Pipeline Project 75
Introduction 75
Preparation of the Community as Concerns Execution of the Project 76
Gender and Labour Supply 84
Community Participation by Gender and Life Cycle 97
Women in the Construction of the Project (as construction and
non construction workers 97
Men in the Construction of the Project (construction and
non construction workers) 97
Youths in the Construction of the Project (construction and
non construction workers 98
Relationship between the Community and the Staff of Project
Construction Companies 98
Community Reaction to the Project 105
Implementing companies/NGOs 109
Host communities 110
Host government 110
Chapter Eight Description and Valuation of Compensations Ill
Introduction Rationale for Compensation Ill
Types of Compensations: Individual, Community and Regional 112
Characteristics of Individual compensation 112
Demographics of Beneficiaries 113
Compensation and Use of Compensation 115
Use of Individual Compensation 118
Level of Satisfaction or Disenchantment with Individual Compensation 119
Community and Regional Compensations 119
Management of Compensation 123
Impact of Compensation on Livelihood 123
Participation in the Selection of Compensation Items 125
Quality and Quantity of Compensations 125
Appreciation of Community Compensations 126
Chapter Nine The Impact of the Project on the Livelihoods
of Affected Communities 133
Impact of Project on Community Resources 133
Forest, Land, Water and other Natural Resources 133
Labour Resources 135
Impact of Project on Livelihoods 136
Livelihood activities 136
Household consumption status 137
Employment status 137
Beneficiaries 138
Change in welfare status 138
Change in livelihood status 140
Change in household and community consumption patterns: 141
Impact on Business Activities 141
Negative Outcomes of the Project 145
Characteristics of Emerging New Businesses 146
Changes in the Agricultural Sector 148
Changes in the Availability of Food and Other Basic Welfare Items . 148
Chapter Ten Project Impact on Gender Relations, Land Resource and
Community Livelihoods in Affected Communities 151
Introduction 151
Project impact on social and gender relations 151
Gender and Governance 153
Gender Relations and Representation in the Governance Structure 154
Gender and Forms of Decision Making 155
Social and Population Dynamics in the Affected Communities 157
The Impact of the Project on Social Behaviour and Gender Relations . 158
Project Factors that are Affecting Gender Relations 160
Emerging Incidences of Globalisation 161
Effect of the Project on Social Phenomenon: Prostitution,
Consumption of Alcohol, and Migration 161
Prostitution 161
Alcohol consumption 163
Migration 163
Changes in community 163
Land Distribution and Tenure in Affected Communities 164
Land types and distribution 164
Gender Relations and Land Ownership 166
Chapter Eleven Relationship Between Communities and Construction
Companies and Service Providers 169
Disobedience and Strike Actions 169
Relationships between Communities and Construction Companies 170
Relationship between Communities and Local COTCO Representatives . 172
Perception of the Role Played by NGOs in the Communities 173
Suggested Changes for Improvement of Project 175
Suggested Changes by Community Leaders for Improvement
of Future Projects 176
Chapter Twelve Discussion, Lessons, Challenges, Conclusion
and Policy Implications 177
Discussion 178
Public Expectations vis a vis the Project 178
Globalising Effect of the Project Gains and Losses 182
Effect of the Project on Gender Relations Gains and Losses 186
Impact of Project on Gender Relations to Land Gains and Losses . 187
The Overall Impact of the Project on the Political Economy of
Affected Communities 189
Compensation Adequacy, Appropriateness and
Issues of Participation 194
Lessons and Challenges from the Oil Pipeline Project 196
Conclusions 197
Recommendations 202
Policy Implication 204
Further Research 205
Bibliography 207
Index 213
List of Tables
Table 1: Distribution of Study Sites by Administrative Units
(Division and Sub division), length of Laid Pipeline,
Ecological Zones and Ethnic Group 37
Table 2: Opinion on Ownership of Land and land Title Focus Group Men . 50
Table 3: Suggestion for the Improvement of the Decision Making Process
(Women Focus Groups) 65
Table 4: Means By Which Different Categories of Women Gain Access to
and Acquire Land 67
Table 5: Perspectives of Men's Focus Groups on the Form of Control
Women Should Have over Land They Used 68
Table 6: Perspectives of Men's Focus Group as Concerns Women's Control
over Land Resources 69
Table 7: Reasons Why People Do Not Have Equal Access to Resources
(Men's Perceptions) 74
Table 8: The Role Played by the Village Political Structure as indicated by
the Men's Focus Groups 77
Table 9: The Opinion of Men's Focus Groups on the Rate of the
Effectiveness of Community Preparation 78
Table 10: Suggestion On How to Better Prepare the Community for
Active Participation by Men's Focus Groups 82
Table 11: Opinion of Key Informants on the Effectiveness and
Adequacy of Community Preparation as Concern the Project 84
Table 12: Employment Status of Community Members by Gender
Prior to Project Construction as indicated by Key Informants 89
Table 13: Type of Employment Offered to Male and Female Youths as
Indicated by Key Informants 90
Table 14: Average Employment Duration (in weeks)
by Key Informants 91
Table 15: Recruitment Criteria as Reported by Male and Female
Youth Focus Groups in Affected Communities 92
Table 16: Procedures to Complete Before Being Hired as Reported by
Male Female Youth Focus Groups 93
Table 17: Distribution of the Effect of the Pipeline Project on
the Employment Situation of Young People by Male and
Female Youth Focus Groups 95
Table 18: Assessment of The Relationship between the Community
and The Staff of Project Construction Companies as Perceived by
the Men's Focus Groups 99
Table 19: Perception of COTCO, SPIE CAPAG, Wilbros and NGOs
as Indicated by Men's Focus Groups 100
Table 20: Assessment of the Local COTCO Representative as Indicated
by the Key Informants 101
Table 21: Description of Relationship between Community and
Construction Agencies as Indicated by Key Informants 102
Table 22: Valuation of the Relationship between Communities and Non¬
governmental Organisations as indicated by key Informants 104
Table 23: Outcomes of Collective Actions as Indicated by Key Informants . 108
Table 24: Changes Respondents would recommend to a Similar Project
as indicated by the Key Informant 10'
Table 25: Recommendations to Improve on Worker's Conditions/Affected
Population in a Similar Project as indicated
by the Key Informants 11"
Table 26: Distribution of Respondents' Demographic
(principal occurrences) Individual Beneficiaries 114
Table 27: Distribution of Respondents' nature of Compensation, Items
Compensated, Amount of Compensation level of
Satisfaction of Compensation, Utility of Compensation
and Impact of Compensation 116
Table 28: Use of In Kind Compensation as indicated by the Key
Informants 123
Table 29: Change in The Welfare of the Communities as indicated
by Community Leaders (Key Informants) 123
Table 30: Impact of Compensation on Gender Relationship as indicated
by Men's Focus Groups 124
Table 31: Impact of Compensation on Youths as observed by The Key
Informants 124
Table 32: Men's Opinions on whether the Compensation met
the Expectations of Community Members 127
Table 33: Assessment of the Roles of Men and Women in the Management
of Community/Regional Compensation as indicated
by Men's Focus Groups 128
Table 34: Complaints associated with Individual, Community and
Regional Compensations as Indicated by Key Informants 128
Table 35: Reasons for Grievances against Received Community
Compensations as Indicated by Men's Focus Groups 129
Table 36: Valuation of Benefits Accrued to Men and Women Employed
by the Project as Indicated by Women's Focus Groups 130
Table 37: The Effects of the Project on Community Resources as Perceived
by Key Informants 135
Table 38: Changes in the Welfare of the Affected Community and its
Members 139
Table 39: Impact of Project on Livelihoods in Affected Communities
as indicated by Key Informants 141
Table 40: Commercial Activities that Occurred as a Result of the
Pipeline Project as indicated by the Men (Focus Groups) 142
Table 41: Commercial Activities that emerged during
Project Construction as reported by Key Informants 142
Table 42: Selection Criteria for Women Contractors as indicated
by the Men's Focus Groups 143
Table 43: Benefits that Accrued to Households, Female Contractors and
Men With Paid Employment as Indicated by the Key Informants . 144
Table 44: Benefits that Accrued to Household Members in General
as indicated by Women's Focus Groups 144
Table 45: Sustainability of Benefits as indicated by Women's Focus Group . 145
Table 46: Negative Consequences of People's Participation in the
Project as indicated by Men's Focus Group 146
Table 47: Duration of Business Activities in Communities as indicated
by the Key Informants 147
Table 48: Evaluation of Commercial Activities during Project
Construction as indicated by Key Informants 147
Table 49: Changes observed in the Agricultural Sector as Reported
by Community Leaders (Key Informants) 148
Table 50: Availability of Food and other Basic Welfare Items
during Project Construction as indicated by Key Informants 149
Table 51: Changes in Basic Welfare and Consumption of Food Items
as indicated by Women's Focus Groups 151
Table 52: Factors Influencing the Relationships between Women
and Men as indicated by the Men's Focus Groups 152
Table 53: Changes in Gender Relations during Project Construction as
Perceived by the Men's Focus Groups 153
Table 54: Gender Involved in Decision Making and Could Head Decision
Making Structures as indicated by Men's Focus Group 153
Table 55: Social Groups in the Communities as Indicated by Key Informants 157
Table 56: Distribution of the Population by Age and Gender as
Indicated by Key Informants 158
Table 57: Impact of Compensation on Gender Relations as Observed
by Women's Focus Groups 159
Table 58: Women and Men's Relations to Resources both at
Community and Household levels 160
Table 59: Factors Influencing Relationships between Men and Women
as indicated by Women's Focus Group 161
Table 60: Distribution of Rate of Prostitution as Indicated
by Men's Focus Group 162
Table 61: Changes in Alcohol Consumption in Communities as
Indicated by Key Informants 164
Table 62: Changes in Alcohol Consumption in the Communities as
Indicated by Women's Focus Group 164
Table 63: Perceived Consequences of Increased Alcohol Consumption as
Indicated by Men's Focus Groups 164
Table 64: Land Holdings in the Communities as indicated by
the Key Informants 165
Table 65: Land Belonging to Individual Families and Control of
Such Land as Indicated by Key Informants 165
Table 66: Access and Control over Family Land by Divorced Women as
Indicated by Community Key Informants 167
Table 67: Men's Reaction as Concern Land Sales to
Women in Communities 167
Table 68: The Fate of Women's Landed Property when the Woman Dies as
Indicated by Key Informants 168
Table 69: Perception of Relationship Between Communities and
Project Agencies as Indicated by Key Informants 171
Table 70: Distribution of Informants' Perception of their Relationship with
the Local COTCO Representatives by Key Informants 172
Table 71: Distribution of Informants' Perception of their Relationship
with the Local COTCO Representative by Key Informant 174
List of Figures
Figure 1: The Status of Men and Women in the Community 64
Figure 2: Community Resources 71
Figure 3: Focus of Pre construction Preparation of Communities 80
Figure 4: Persons/Agents Responsible for Raising Awareness 81
Figure 5: Major Problems and Challenges Facing Communities
Prior to Construction of Project 83
Figure 6: Employment Status in the Communities before
Construction of the Project 86
Figure 7: Breakdown of Jobs According to Categories, 2nd Quarter, 2002 . 90
Figure 8: Salary Range of Respondents 94
Figure 9: Compensations Women Indicated They Preferred 120
Figurel 0: Decision making in the community as indicated by the
Women's Focus Groups 156 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Endeley, Joyce B. Mbongo 1956- Sikod, Fondo |
| author_GND | (DE-588)133297772 |
| author_facet | Endeley, Joyce B. Mbongo 1956- Sikod, Fondo |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Endeley, Joyce B. Mbongo 1956- |
| author_variant | j b m e jbm jbme f s fs |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV022452559 |
| callnumber-first | H - Social Science |
| callnumber-label | HC995 |
| callnumber-raw | HC995.Z9 |
| callnumber-search | HC995.Z9 |
| callnumber-sort | HC 3995 Z9 |
| callnumber-subject | HC - Economic History and Conditions |
| classification_rvk | QR 534 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)470830815 (DE-599)BVBBV022452559 |
| dewey-full | 306.3096711 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 306 - Culture and institutions |
| dewey-raw | 306.3096711 |
| dewey-search | 306.3096711 |
| dewey-sort | 3306.3096711 |
| dewey-tens | 300 - Social sciences |
| discipline | Soziologie Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| discipline_str_mv | Soziologie Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Cameroon Rural conditions Tschad-Kamerun-Pipeline (DE-588)4767402-7 gnd Kamerun (DE-588)4029413-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Cameroon Rural conditions Tschad-Kamerun-Pipeline Kamerun |
| id | DE-604.BV022452559 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T17:37:06Z |
| indexdate | 2025-01-29T13:19:10Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780773454859 0773454853 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2007008299 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015660395 |
| oclc_num | 470830815 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-703 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-703 |
| physical | XIII, 217 S. Ill., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Mellen |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Endeley, Joyce B. Mbongo 1956- Verfasser (DE-588)133297772 aut The social impact of the Chad-Cameroon oil pipeline how industrial development affects gender relations, land tenure, and local culture Joyce B. Mbongo Endeley and Fondo Sikod Lewiston, N.Y. [u.a.] Mellen 2007 XIII, 217 S. Ill., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Développement industriel - Projets - Cameroun ram Femmes en milieu rural - Cameroun ram Rôle selon le sexe - Cameroun ram Gesellschaft Industrial development projects Cameroon Social aspects Rural women Cameroon Sex role Cameroon Land use Cameroon Petroleum pipelines Cameroon Petroleum pipelines Chad Geschlechterverhältnis (DE-588)4020548-4 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd rswk-swf Landschaftsverbrauch (DE-588)4123611-7 gnd rswk-swf Erdöl (DE-588)4015179-7 gnd rswk-swf Pipeline (DE-588)4125984-1 gnd rswk-swf Ländlicher Raum (DE-588)4034026-0 gnd rswk-swf Sozialer Wandel (DE-588)4077587-2 gnd rswk-swf Cameroon Rural conditions Tschad-Kamerun-Pipeline (DE-588)4767402-7 gnd rswk-swf Kamerun (DE-588)4029413-4 gnd rswk-swf Kamerun (DE-588)4029413-4 g Erdöl (DE-588)4015179-7 s Pipeline (DE-588)4125984-1 s Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 s DE-604 Ländlicher Raum (DE-588)4034026-0 s Landschaftsverbrauch (DE-588)4123611-7 s Geschlechterverhältnis (DE-588)4020548-4 s Sozialer Wandel (DE-588)4077587-2 s Tschad-Kamerun-Pipeline (DE-588)4767402-7 g Sikod, Fondo Verfasser aut http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0712/2007008299.html Table of contents only HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015660395&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Endeley, Joyce B. Mbongo 1956- Sikod, Fondo The social impact of the Chad-Cameroon oil pipeline how industrial development affects gender relations, land tenure, and local culture Développement industriel - Projets - Cameroun ram Femmes en milieu rural - Cameroun ram Rôle selon le sexe - Cameroun ram Gesellschaft Industrial development projects Cameroon Social aspects Rural women Cameroon Sex role Cameroon Land use Cameroon Petroleum pipelines Cameroon Petroleum pipelines Chad Geschlechterverhältnis (DE-588)4020548-4 gnd Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd Landschaftsverbrauch (DE-588)4123611-7 gnd Erdöl (DE-588)4015179-7 gnd Pipeline (DE-588)4125984-1 gnd Ländlicher Raum (DE-588)4034026-0 gnd Sozialer Wandel (DE-588)4077587-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4020548-4 (DE-588)4066438-7 (DE-588)4123611-7 (DE-588)4015179-7 (DE-588)4125984-1 (DE-588)4034026-0 (DE-588)4077587-2 (DE-588)4767402-7 (DE-588)4029413-4 |
| title | The social impact of the Chad-Cameroon oil pipeline how industrial development affects gender relations, land tenure, and local culture |
| title_auth | The social impact of the Chad-Cameroon oil pipeline how industrial development affects gender relations, land tenure, and local culture |
| title_exact_search | The social impact of the Chad-Cameroon oil pipeline how industrial development affects gender relations, land tenure, and local culture |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The social impact of the Chad-Cameroon oil pipeline how industrial development affects gender relations, land tenure, and local culture |
| title_full | The social impact of the Chad-Cameroon oil pipeline how industrial development affects gender relations, land tenure, and local culture Joyce B. Mbongo Endeley and Fondo Sikod |
| title_fullStr | The social impact of the Chad-Cameroon oil pipeline how industrial development affects gender relations, land tenure, and local culture Joyce B. Mbongo Endeley and Fondo Sikod |
| title_full_unstemmed | The social impact of the Chad-Cameroon oil pipeline how industrial development affects gender relations, land tenure, and local culture Joyce B. Mbongo Endeley and Fondo Sikod |
| title_short | The social impact of the Chad-Cameroon oil pipeline |
| title_sort | the social impact of the chad cameroon oil pipeline how industrial development affects gender relations land tenure and local culture |
| title_sub | how industrial development affects gender relations, land tenure, and local culture |
| topic | Développement industriel - Projets - Cameroun ram Femmes en milieu rural - Cameroun ram Rôle selon le sexe - Cameroun ram Gesellschaft Industrial development projects Cameroon Social aspects Rural women Cameroon Sex role Cameroon Land use Cameroon Petroleum pipelines Cameroon Petroleum pipelines Chad Geschlechterverhältnis (DE-588)4020548-4 gnd Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd Landschaftsverbrauch (DE-588)4123611-7 gnd Erdöl (DE-588)4015179-7 gnd Pipeline (DE-588)4125984-1 gnd Ländlicher Raum (DE-588)4034026-0 gnd Sozialer Wandel (DE-588)4077587-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Développement industriel - Projets - Cameroun Femmes en milieu rural - Cameroun Rôle selon le sexe - Cameroun Gesellschaft Industrial development projects Cameroon Social aspects Rural women Cameroon Sex role Cameroon Land use Cameroon Petroleum pipelines Cameroon Petroleum pipelines Chad Geschlechterverhältnis Wirtschaftsentwicklung Landschaftsverbrauch Erdöl Pipeline Ländlicher Raum Sozialer Wandel Cameroon Rural conditions Tschad-Kamerun-Pipeline Kamerun |
| url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0712/2007008299.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015660395&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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