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Alexander Cumming

mini|Alexander Cumming (ca. 1733–1814)

Alexander Cumming (* zwischen 1731 und 1733 in Edinburgh; † 8. März 1814 in Pentonville, London) war ein britischer Uhrmacher, Mathematiker, Mechaniker und Orgelbauer, der sich in der ''New Bond Street'' in London niedergelassen hatte. Mit John Hunter und George Fordyce gründete er 1767 eine Privatgesellschaft von Gelehrten. Im Jahr 1781 wurde er Mitglied der Worshipful Company of Clockmakers.

Er gilt als Erfinder des modernen Wasserklosetts. Er entwickelte ein S-förmiges Rohr (Siphon), das auch heute noch in den WCs eingebaut ist, und erhielt darauf ein englisches Patent (Nr. 814). Damit konnte man verhindern, dass der Geruch nach außen zurückdrang. Mit seiner Erfindung legte er 1775 den Grundstein für die heutige Toilette, obwohl die eigentliche Erfindung des Wasserklosetts 1596 dem Engländer Sir John Harington zugeschrieben werden kann. Allerdings geriet die Erfindung von Harington mangels der nötigen Akzeptanz in Vergessenheit und wurde daher erst 1775 von Alexander Cumming patentiert.

Tatsächlich wurde das erste Wasserklosett 1810, also 35 Jahre später, in Betrieb genommen.

Im Orgelbau erfand er Parallel-Magazinbälge.''''

1783 wurde er zum Fellow der Royal Society of Edinburgh gewählt. Veröffentlicht in Wikipedia

Alexander Cumming

Elemente der praktischen Groß- und Klein-Uhrmacherkunst von Cumming, Alexander 1733-1814

Elemente der praktischen Groß- und Klein-Uhrmacherkunst [The elements of clock and watch-work, adapted to practice, dt.] von Cumming, Alexander

Observations, by Mr. Cumming, of Pentonville, on the causes that first occasioned the bending of the axles of wheel carriages stating the progress of the principal improvements in... von Cumming, Alexander

Observations on the effects which carriage wheels with rims of different shapes have on the roads respecfully submitted to the approbation of the Board of Agriculture and to the co... von Cumming, Alexander

Elemente der praktischen Groß- und Klein-Uhrmacherkunst von Cumming, Alexander 1733-1814

The manufacture of hydrochlorid acid and saltcake von Cumming, Alexander Charles

Elemente der praktischen Groß- und Klein-Uhrmacherkunst mit 16 Kupfertaf. von Cumming, Alexander 1733-1814

Observations on the effects which carriage wheels, with rims of different shapes, have on the roads respectfully offered to the consideration of the legislature. By Alexander Cummi... von Cumming, Alexander 1733-1814

Elemente der praktischen Groß- und Klein-Uhrmacherkunst Aus d. Engl. mit einigen Anm. übers. von J. G. Geißler von Cumming, Alexander 1733-1814

Animadversions on the Reverend Mr. Croswell's late Letter &c designed to remove prejudices it tends to excite against the truth: and to shew that the principal doctrines contained... von Cumming, Alexander 1726-1763

A sermon preached Feb. 25. 1761 von Cumming, Alexander

A sermon preached upon Christmass day Wherein, the obligation that lies upon all Christians to solemnize the anniversarie festival of our Saviours birth, is clearly proved. Which i... von Cumming, Alexander 1658-1709

Elemente der praktischen Groß- und Klein-Uhrmacherkunst von Cumming, Alexander 1733-1814

Alexander Cumming's Elemente der praktischen Groß= und Klein=Uhrmacherkunst von Cumming, Alexander

Observations on the effects which carriage wheels, with rims of different shapes, have on the roads Respectfully submitted to the approbation of the board of agriculture, and to th... von Cumming, Alexander 1733-1814

The elements of clock and watch-work adapted to practice in two essays von Cumming, Alexander

The elements of clock and watch work, adapted to practice in 2 essays von Cumming, Alexander

The elements of clock and watch-work adapted to practice. In two essays. By Alexander Cumming, Member of the Phil. Soc. Edinb von Cumming, Alexander 1733-1814

The elements of clock and watch-work adapted to practice. In two essays. By Alexander Cumming, Member of the Phil. Soc. Edinb von Cumming, Alexander 1733-1814

Animadversions on the Reverend Mr. Croswell's late Letter &c designed to remove prejudices it tends to excite against the truth: and to shew that the principal doctrines contained... von Cumming, Alexander

Alexander Cumming

Elemente der praktischen Groß- und Klein-Uhrmacherkunst von Cumming, Alexander 1733-1814

Elemente der praktischen Groß- und Klein-Uhrmacherkunst [The elements of clock and watch-work, adapted to practice, dt.] von Cumming, Alexander

Observations, by Mr. Cumming, of Pentonville, on the causes that first occasioned the bending of the axles of wheel carriages stating the progress of the principal improvements in... von Cumming, Alexander

Observations on the effects which carriage wheels with rims of different shapes have on the roads respecfully submitted to the approbation of the Board of Agriculture and to the co... von Cumming, Alexander

Elemente der praktischen Groß- und Klein-Uhrmacherkunst von Cumming, Alexander 1733-1814

The manufacture of hydrochlorid acid and saltcake von Cumming, Alexander Charles

Elemente der praktischen Groß- und Klein-Uhrmacherkunst mit 16 Kupfertaf. von Cumming, Alexander 1733-1814

Observations on the effects which carriage wheels, with rims of different shapes, have on the roads respectfully offered to the consideration of the legislature. By Alexander Cummi... von Cumming, Alexander 1733-1814

Elemente der praktischen Groß- und Klein-Uhrmacherkunst Aus d. Engl. mit einigen Anm. übers. von J. G. Geißler von Cumming, Alexander 1733-1814

Animadversions on the Reverend Mr. Croswell's late Letter &c designed to remove prejudices it tends to excite against the truth: and to shew that the principal doctrines contained... von Cumming, Alexander 1726-1763

A sermon preached Feb. 25. 1761 von Cumming, Alexander

A sermon preached upon Christmass day Wherein, the obligation that lies upon all Christians to solemnize the anniversarie festival of our Saviours birth, is clearly proved. Which i... von Cumming, Alexander 1658-1709

Elemente der praktischen Groß- und Klein-Uhrmacherkunst von Cumming, Alexander 1733-1814

Alexander Cumming's Elemente der praktischen Groß= und Klein=Uhrmacherkunst von Cumming, Alexander

Observations on the effects which carriage wheels, with rims of different shapes, have on the roads Respectfully submitted to the approbation of the board of agriculture, and to th... von Cumming, Alexander 1733-1814

The elements of clock and watch-work adapted to practice in two essays von Cumming, Alexander

The elements of clock and watch work, adapted to practice in 2 essays von Cumming, Alexander

The elements of clock and watch-work adapted to practice. In two essays. By Alexander Cumming, Member of the Phil. Soc. Edinb von Cumming, Alexander 1733-1814

The elements of clock and watch-work adapted to practice. In two essays. By Alexander Cumming, Member of the Phil. Soc. Edinb von Cumming, Alexander 1733-1814

Animadversions on the Reverend Mr. Croswell's late Letter &c designed to remove prejudices it tends to excite against the truth: and to shew that the principal doctrines contained... von Cumming, Alexander

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