Constituents and properties of soils:
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London
Academic Pr.
1982
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XIX, 496 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0121145506 |
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| adam_text | Contents
Translator s Preface v
Preface to the French Edition vii
French Soil Classification xvii
PART ONE
SOIL CONSTITUENTS
Chapter 1 Identification and Quantitative Evaluation of the Mineral
Constituents 3
F. Lelong and B. Souchier
I. General remarks: the weathering complex of soils 3
II. Methods of identification and separation of soil constituents 4
III. Quantitative evaluation: examples of mineral reconstitution of
typical weathering complexes 11
IV. Weathering balance sheets 15
References 20
Chapter 2 Amorphous and Crystalline Oxyhydroxides and Oxides in Soils
(Iron, Aluminium, Manganese, Silicon) 21
B. Guillet and B. Souchier
I. General introduction 21
II. The oxides and oxyhydroxides of iron 24
III. The hydroxides and oxyhydroxides of aluminium 29
IV. Silica 32
V. Manganese 35
VI. Titanium 36
VII. Extraction methods and applications to some soil types 36
References 40
Chapter 3 The Clay Minerals 43
G. Pedro
I. General introduction 43
II. Structure and crystallochemical composition of the principal types
of elementary layer 44
III. Structure and constitution of the classic layer silicates 51
IV. Other clay-layer silicate structures 59
V. Structure and composition of the pseudophyllites: fibrous clays 61
References 62
Chapter 4 The Conditions of Formation of Secondary Constituents 63
G. Pedro
I. General framework of pedogeochemical evolution 63
II. The weathering of aluminosilicate rocks and the formation of
secondary minerals during pedogenesis 65
III. Geographical synthesis and zonality of the pedogeochemical
processes 75
References 80
xii CONTENTS
Chapter 5 Ecological Significance of the Weathering Complex. Relative
Importance of General and Local Factors 82
R. Lelong and B. Souchier
I. The origin of the material subjected to pedogenesis 82
II. Ecology of weathering complexes of soils 94
III. Conclusions 102
References 105
Chapter 6 Genesis and Properties of Humic Molecules 109
F. Andreux
I. Definitions and general properties 109
II. Transformation of humic precursors 110
III. Humic matter methodology 121
IV. Interactions with aqueous media 131
V. Conclusions 133
References 134
Chapter 7 Soil Biology 140
J. Berthelin and F. Toutain
I. The soil organisms 140
II. Microbial mechanisms involved in humification 154
III. Microbial mechanisms of mineral weathering 160
IV. Biological mechanisms of transformation of plant material:
formation of humus 166
References 174
Chapter 8 Soil Solution : Composition and Pedogenic Significance 184
J. C. Vedy and S. Brücken
I. Methods : extraction and analysis of gravitational water in soils 184
II. Soil solutions and pedogenesis: acid soils 190
III. Carbonate media 203
References 207
Chapter 9 Analysis of the Organo-mineral Complexes of Soils 214
S. Brücken
I. The organic fractions of soil 214
II. Mechanisms of organo-mineral interactions 215
III. Methods of fractionating organic matter and organo-mineral
complexes 219
IV. Applications 230
References 235
Chapter 10 Study of the Turnover of Soil Organic Matter Using Radio-
isotopes (14C) 238
B. Guillei
I. Dating method applications 238
II. Experiments with 14C labelled substances 248
III. Conclusions 254
References 255
CONTENTS xiii
PART TWO
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS
Chapter 11 Particle Size Analysis 261
B. Guillet and J. Rouiller
I. Particle size analysis 261
II. Presentation of results and applications 265
III. Conclusions 267
References 267
Chapter 12 Assembly and Physical Organization of Particles 268
M. Bonneau and G. Levy
I. Structure 268
II. Importance of structure, porosity 274
III. Measurement of porosity 276
IV. The structural stability 280
References 286
Chapter 13 Soil Fabric at the Microscopic Level 288
N. Federoff
I. Microscopic techniques: possibilities and limitations 288
II. Soil micromorphology 292
III. Conclusion 303
References 303
Chapter 14 Soil and Water 304
S. Meriaux
Soil : a water reservoir
I. General 306
II. States of water 306
III. Characterization of the reservoir 317
Liquid transport in soil
I. Transport of water 327
II. Transport of solutes 333
III. The behaviour of the porous medium towards water 337
The water balance
I. General 345
II. The components of the water balance 346
III. General balances 348
IV. Pedoclimatic balance (Bpc) 348
V. Water balance and supply to plants 349
VI. Methodology 350
References 351
Chapter 15 Aeration and Redox Phenomena in Soils 355
G. Levy and F. Toutain
I. Soil aeration 355
II. Level of oxidation-reduction in soil 357
III. Influence of aeration and the oxidation-reduction level on soil
development 361
IV. Effects of oxygen deficit and waterlogging on higher plants 363
References 365
xiv CONTENTS
Chapter 16 Soil Temperature 367
M. Bonneau
I. Energy balance of soil 367
II. Soil surface temperature: propagation to deeper levels 368
III. Effects of soil temperature and its variations 371
References 371
Chapter 17 The Concept of Pedoclimate 372
M. Bonneau
I. Pedoclimate and climate in general 372
II. Importance of the pedoclimate 372
HI. Annual variations in pedoclimate 375
IV. Major pedoclimatic types 375
V. Conclusions 375
References 376
Chapter 18 The Exchange Complex: The General Laws of Anion and Cation
Exchange 377
J. Chaussidon
I. Review of ion exchange theories 377
II. Two examples of the use of exchange isotherms 380
III. The charge on the exchanger 384
IV. The reversibility of the exchange reaction 388
V. Exchange selectivity 389
VI. Exchange acidity 390
VII. Exchange of anions 391
VIII. Some practical considerations of ion exchange 393
IX. Conclusion 395
References 397
Chapter 19 Mechanisms Regulating the pH of Soils 399
S. Brücken and J. Rouiller
I. Regulatory mechanisms for the pH of acid soils 399
II. Mechanisms regulating the pH of calcareous soils 405
III. Mechanisms regulating the pH of halomorphic soils 408
References 410
Chapter 20 Forms of Elements in Soil in Relation to Plant Nutrition 412
R. Blanchet
I. Historical 412
II. The rooting profile and root-soil interface 413
III. Diffusion and transport of mineral elements towards roots 415
IV. Estimation of current reserves and nutritive potential of soils 416
References 417
Chapter 21 Lime in Soils: Calcium and Magnesium 418
P. Dutil
I. Origin, inheritance and neoformation of lime 418
II. Physical factors in the breakdown of limestone 419
III. Weathering of limestone rocks 419
IV. Decarbonatization and pedological evolution 420
V. Calcium and magnesium 421
References 424
CONTENTS xv
Chapter 22 Potassium 426
M. Robert and S. Trocme
I. Potassium in primary minerals 426
II. Release of K during pedogenesis 428
III. Refixation in secondary minerals 430
IV. Geochemical cycle and K balance in soils 430
References 433
Chapter 23 Nitrogen 434
J. Hebert
I. Mineralization 435
II. Immobilization 435
III. Fixation of molecular nitrogen 436
IV. Gaseous losses 437
V. Losses by drainage 437
VI. Changes in nitrogen content of soils during the year 438
VII. Nitrogen balances 439
VIII. Nitrogen nutrition of plants 440
References 442
Chapter 24 Phosphorus and Sulphur 443
A. P. Conesa, J. C. Fardeau and G. Simon-Sylvestre
I. Phosphorus 443
II. Sulphur 451
References 455
Chapter 25 Trace Elements Essential to the Growth of Plants, and Toxicity
Phenomena 458
M. Coppenet and C. Juste
I. Trace elements essential to the growth of plants 458
II. Toxicity phenomena 462
References 465
Chapter 26 Conclusion: Relations Between Plant Nutrition and Physical
Properties 467
R. Manchet
I. Changes in certain elements by biological means 467
II. Physico-chemical processes 467
III. The development of root systems 468
IV. Consequences for fertilization 468
Chapter 27 The Cartography of Soils 469
M. Jamagne
I. Introduction 469
II. Objectives of soil cartography 470
III. Cartographic documents 470
IV. Preparation of soil maps 473
V. Application of soil maps 482
VI. Conclusion 485
References 488
Appendix : Practical Methods of Soil Analysis 490
Index 493
|
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T15:42:45Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0121145506 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XIX, 496 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1982 |
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| publishDateSort | 1982 |
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| spelling | Bonneau, Michael Verfasser aut Constituents et propriétés du sol Constituents and properties of soils M. Bonneau and B. Souchier London Academic Pr. 1982 XIX, 496 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Bodenchemie (DE-588)4146134-4 gnd rswk-swf Bodenmechanik (DE-588)4007385-3 gnd rswk-swf Bodenchemie (DE-588)4146134-4 s DE-604 Bodenmechanik (DE-588)4007385-3 s Souchier, Bernard Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=001477717&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Bonneau, Michael Souchier, Bernard Constituents and properties of soils Bodenchemie (DE-588)4146134-4 gnd Bodenmechanik (DE-588)4007385-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4146134-4 (DE-588)4007385-3 |
| title | Constituents and properties of soils |
| title_alt | Constituents et propriétés du sol |
| title_auth | Constituents and properties of soils |
| title_exact_search | Constituents and properties of soils |
| title_full | Constituents and properties of soils M. Bonneau and B. Souchier |
| title_fullStr | Constituents and properties of soils M. Bonneau and B. Souchier |
| title_full_unstemmed | Constituents and properties of soils M. Bonneau and B. Souchier |
| title_short | Constituents and properties of soils |
| title_sort | constituents and properties of soils |
| topic | Bodenchemie (DE-588)4146134-4 gnd Bodenmechanik (DE-588)4007385-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bodenchemie Bodenmechanik |
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