A promise of sweet tea: memoirs of a survivor
In a village in prewar Eastern Europe, young Pinchas Blitt is surrounded by colourful characters, vivid stories and the rich language and traditions of his ancestors. As antisemitism rises, Pinchas is beset by fears, but he finds belonging in family, Jewish texts, and prayers. In 1939, Pinchas adapt...
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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The Azrieli Foundation
[2021]
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| Ausgabe: | First edition |
| Schriftenreihe: | The Azrieli series of Holocaust survivor memoirs. Series XIII
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | In a village in prewar Eastern Europe, young Pinchas Blitt is surrounded by colourful characters, vivid stories and the rich language and traditions of his ancestors. As antisemitism rises, Pinchas is beset by fears, but he finds belonging in family, Jewish texts, and prayers. In 1939, Pinchas adapts to the new Soviet occupation, but when the Nazis arrive, his beloved village is decimated, and he and his family must flee. A precarious existence on the run brings Pinchas face to face with his own mortality and faith, and with a sense of dislocation that will accompany him throughout his life. |
| Beschreibung: | xxix, 309 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9781989719152 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | CONTENTS Series Preface Editorial Note Introduction by David G. Roskies Maps Acknowledgements раят xi xiii xv xxiv-xxv xxix i Kortelisy Village Boy The Curse of Being Born in the Month of Tammuz Shaky World Magic Cures and Potions A Failed Thief This Too Is for the Good Bobehs and Zeydes At Home in Kortelisy Lords and Masters The Jew Test New Pictures on the Walls Caught between Galstuk and Tsitses Staying Awake 3 n 15 21 25 31 35 45 49 53 57 65 71 81 PART II The Horror Begins The Beginnings of Lawlessness A Double Beating 87 93 97
Nothing Changed in the Synagogue Rehearsal for the Final Destruction Escape by the Back Door Massacre in the Marshes Death After Havdalah Oasis of Sabbath Tranquility Only the Lucky Ones Die My Only Friends and Companions Surprise Visit and the Sound of Guns from Ratno A Good Messenger Father’s Escape A Village Erased Adam, Nicotine and Psalms Beautiful Pants and the Scourge of Lice We Always Celebrated the Sabbath and Holy Days Lost on the Way to Samary Deep in the Forest Father s Encounter with Wolves of Every Kind Awakened from Death Because of Shatnez In the Forest Ranger s Home More Murder and Survival People With Guns, Looking for Causes On Account of a Sack of Buckwheat Finally, Liberation 103 107 111 113 123 127 135 139 145 151 155 163 165 175 179 181 185 191 193 197 201 207 213 217 221 PART III Full Circle Moved by an Invisible Hand Breaking Old Habits In School and on the Stage Second Son Survivor 229 233 243 251 261 265 Glossary Photographs Index 269 279 299
INDEX Adam (Ukrainian Christian friend), 165-169,185,189,197, 200 Age of Wonders, The, xvi Akavya ben Mahalalei, 22 Akdomus (liturgical poem), 23, 71-72,153,245 Aleichem, Sholem, xv, xvi-xvii, 23, 255-256 American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, 15 Amerike, 39, 40-41,181, 233 Anshai Ukraina synagogue (later Zichron Kedoshim), 243 anti-Jewish laws and restrictions, 95-96 Appelfeld, Aharon, xvi, xix Asch, Sholem, xv, 50 Baal Shem Tov, 155 Banderivtsi, 124,127, 213-214 Bavli, Hillel, 254-255 Berezniak, Yekhezkiel, 242,245 Bindermichl displaced persons camp, xviii, 240-242 blessings. See prayers and blessings Blitt, Adele (née Ruttenberg; mother); affection, public demonstrations of, 19, 262-263; appearance, 35; beaten by Ukrainian police, 100-101; in Bindermichl displaced persons camp, 240; children, love for and pride in, 17-18,19,256; death, 266-267; despair, experi encing, 181-183; education, xx, 36; husband, search for, 152-154; Kortelisy massacre, escape with sons, 111-112; Montreal, making a life in, 243, 244-245, 249, 251, 256; parents murdered, 124-125; Ratno massacre, escape with sons, 146-150,151-152; tempera ment, 35,38-39; typhus, con tracting, 232. See also Kortelisy, Ukraine; Montreal; Nebitch Forest; Ratno, Ukraine Blitt, Freyde (née Rothchild; grand mother): death, 189-190; family, caring for, 21, 39-40; as healer 299
A PROMISE OF SWEET TEA and businesswoman, xx, 25, 45; in hiding, 127,169; maiden name, effect on Canadian con sular official, 204 Blitt, Hershl and family (wife, son, three infants), 116-117,134, 136-137 Blitt, Jonathan (son), 265 Blitt, Laizer (brother): in Budapest hospital, 238-239; early child hood, 11,16,18, 26-27,37, 83; parents’ beating, witnessing, 100-101; train riding instruc tions for Pinchas, 234. See also Kortelisy, Ukraine; Nebitch Forest; Ratno, Ukraine Blitt, Meyer (grandfather), 39-41, 45-47.71-72. 77-78,127,146, 223 Blitt, Mordechai-Leib (father): affection, public demonstra tions of, 19,262-263; asthma, 107,187,188, 231; beaten by Ukrainian police, 100-101; birth, 39; Christian elder, mercy from, 192; Christian friends, hiding with, 123,124; cow, family’s, 96, 230; death, 267; education and work in Ukraine, xx, 36-37; faith, xviii, 160-161,187, 261-262; German army, interpreting for (World War 1), 41-43; German army, prediction about (World War 11), 105; languages, fluency in, 41-42, 43-44; Montreal, making a life in, 243-244, 249, 251-252; music talent, 36, 41, 43-44,131, 202-204; personality and outlook on life, 35,37-39, 41,155-156,181,188; Ratno massacre, escape from, 155-160, 261; reunion with family after Ratno massacre, 152-154,165; Soviet army induction, saved from, 230-231. See also Kortelisy, Ukraine; Montreal; Nebitch Forest; Ratno, Ukraine Blitt, Moyshe-Dovid (uncle), 39 Blitt, Pinchas (uncle), 39 Blitt, Pinchas Eliyahu: autho rial voice, xvi-xvii, xx-xxi, xxii-xxiii; identities, multiple, negotiating, xvii-xix, 58-61, 66, 77-78, 98,
99-100, 231-232; Moti (fictional character), compari son to, xvi-xviii; religious faith, doubts, and questions, xviiixix, 118,178,187, 255, 261-262; survival, reflections on, 225, 226, 267-268; Vayl mir zaynen yidn (“because we are Jews”), significance to, xix, 10, 60,98, 99-100,142 Blitt, Pinchas Eliyahu, early child hood: antisemitism experi enced by, 51, 57-60, 63; birth and birthdays, 15-16,18-19, 35; death, early views on, 9-10; education, religious, xix, 21-23, 46-47, 71-72; family visit with Bobeh Frumeh, 32-34; fears, 4, 10, 57, 65; games and toys, 31-32, 33-34; heroes, 23,77; “Jew test,”
PINCHAS BLITT xvii, 59-60; languages read and spoken, xvi-xvii, xix֊xx, 21-22,23,59-61,77; laybtsedak (garment worn by male Jews), xvii, 66, 78; Messiah, imped ing arrival of, 119-121; Pineleh, diminutive given by mother, 16; potatoes, memories of digging up, xvi, 7; reading, pleasure in, 23-24; Soviet school, xvii, 65-67, 77-78,255-256; as tam (simple son), xx, 15,18-19,255; trips with father, 11,51-52,54. See also Jewish villagers’ beliefs and practices; Kortelisy, Ukraine Blitt, Pinchas Eliyahu, German occupation to liberation: beaten by Ukrainian police, 98-99; childbirth, witnessing, 135-136; Christian farmers, staying with, 140-143,145; Christian friends, hiding with, 123,124; death, views on, 132,138,147-148; fear, constant, coping with, 142-143; horse, family’s, 96; Jewish family in hamlet, staying with, xxi, 128132, из; shot by German forces, 208-209,211-212; stillborn triplets, ceremonies for, xviii, 136-137; sweet tea, fondness for, xxiii, 181. See also German forces; Nebitch Forest; Ratno, Ukraine; trauma, responses to; Ukrainian police Blitt, Pinchas Eliyahu, post liberation to present: act ing career, xv, xxii, 255-256, 257-258,266; Bindermichl displaced persons camp, xviii, 240-242; birthday celebrations, 248-249; Bratislava, Slovakia, 238; Budapest, Hungary, stay in, 238-239; Canadian consular office interview, 241-242; cancer diagnosis, 266; education, 231, 240-241,244-245; Gliwice, Poland, stay in, 235-236; Greek false identity, travelling under, xvii, 237; Grugliasco, Italy, stay in, 242; immigration process, Blitt family’s, 233-235, 236-237,
238-239,241-242; law career, 19, 39, 254,257,266; Linz, Austria, stay in, 15,239-242; McGill University Faculty of Law studies, 246,251,254,255-256; Prague, Czechoslovakia, stay in, 236-238; preconceptions challenged in Canada, 246-247; Ukraine, visiting as an adult, 258-259; Vaad Ha’ir, employ ment with, 252-254; Vienna, Austria, stay in, 239. See also Montreal; theatre, Yiddish Blitt, Robert (son), 265 Blitt, Shmilke (uncle), 36,40,41, 124,127,146,241 Bontshe shvayg (Bontshe the Silent; play), xxii, 240 Boyko family, 100, 201 Bratislava, Slovakia, 238 Braverman, Yoyneh, 245
A PROMISE OF SWEET TEA Brest-Litovsk (Brisk), Ukraine, 3, 26-27,221 Brokhes (tractate), 254-255 Bulbovtsi, 124,127,213-214 Canadian Communist Party, 253 Chanukah, 16,119,179,266-267 “Chanukah gelt” (short story), 23 Chumash (Five Books of Moses), 21, 47. 71.130 Cohen, Leonard, 255 Cossacks, 9-10,57 Cytrynbaum, Bryna, xv Darwin, Charles, 247 Di fon” (The Flag; short story), 23 Dos groyse gevins (The Lottery; play), xv, 255-256 “Dos Meserl” (The Penknife; short story), 23 Dunsky, Shimshon, 254 Elijah, prophet, 77, 83 Ezekiel, prophet, 259 fasting, 28,179,247-248 fighting, admonitions for Jewish children against, 63,100 folk beliefs. See Jewish villagers’ beliefs and practices Folkshule, xv forest ranger: Blitt family’s friend ship with, 201-203, 207; brotherin-law of, 207-208, 209; family members, 201-202, 204-205; family murdered by German forces, 209-211; frightening dream of, 207. See also Nebitch Forest galstuk (red neckerchief), xvii, 66, 71, 72, 78, 81, 83 German forces: colonel’s visit to Blitt household, 110; executions of Jews and Soviet p о ws in Ratno, 139; invasion into Sovietoccupied territory, 87, 88-89; Kortelisy, arrival in, 104-105; massacre of Jews in Kowel, 94; massacre of Jews in Ratno, 145-146; massacres of Jews in Kortelisy, 111-112,115-119,123; partisans and suspected sup porters, attacks on, 198,208-212, 214,217; roundup in Kortelisy (spring 1942), 107-109; sol diers disguised as women, 116, 117-118; Ukrainian Christians, execution of, 148,163-164; with drawal from region, 213-214 ghettos, 89-90 Gliwice, Poland, 235-236 gramophone, 73-75
Grugliasco, Italy, 242 Grynberg, Henryk, xix Haggadah, xix-xx, 18, 83, 262 Hamilton, Donald, 251 Hannah Senesh, xv, xxii Happy (Pinchass daughter), 263, 265 Heine, Heinrich, 118 Herman, Bernard, 255 Herschorn (Rabbi), 252 High Holidays, 103-104,142. See also Jewish holidays Hirschprung, Rabbi Pinchas, 252 Hodyn, Ukraine, 50,165-166,197 302
PINCHAS BLITT Holocaust literature, xvi, xix Holocaust survivors, attitudes toward, xxii, 245 Hovevei Zion (Lovers of Zion), 258 Igelfeld, Aba, xxii, 240 immigration journey, Blitt fam ily’s, 233-235.236-237.238-239. 241-242 Jewish holidays: Chanukah, 16,119, 179,266-267; High Holidays, 103-104,142; Lag Bomer, 32; Rosh Hashanah, 103-104, 179; Shavuos, 12,48,119, 245; Shemini Atzeres, 142; Simchas Torah, 23,81,119; Sukkos, 185; Tisha B’Av, 5,90; Yom Kippur, 21, 36,103-104,179. See also fast ing; Jewish religious and ethical texts; Passover; prayers and blessings Jewish Labour Bund, xxii Jewish Peoples School, 245 Jewish religious and ethical texts: Akdomus (liturgical poem), 23, 71-72,153,245; Brokhes (tractate), 254-255; Chumash (Five Books of Moses), 21, 47, 71,130; Haggadah, xix֊xx, 18, 83,262; Pirkei Avos (Sayings of Our Fathers), 22, 47, 71; Psalms, 36,114,119-120,142-143,262; Shir Hashirim (Song of Songs), 245; sider (prayer book), 15, 71,142-143.164.167-169,170, 245; Talmud, 254-255. See also prayers and blessings Jewish religious leaders and teach ers: Akavya ben Mahalalei, 22; Baal Shem Tov, 155; Meir ben Isaac, 23; Nachům Ish Gamzu, 37,161; Rabbi of Turzysk (Trisk), 40; Rabbi Yehuda, 83; Rashi, 22; Shimon ben Gamliel, 22; Shimon Hatzadik (Simon the Righteous), 22; Shlomo HaLevi Alkabetz, 114 Jewish Teachers Seminary, 245-246, 254 Jewish Theological Seminary of America, xviii, 254-255 Jewish villagers’ beliefs and prac tices: age, prohibition on stating, 16; Angel of Death, outwitting, 27-28; birthday taboos, 15-16, 248-249; counting, prohibited, 16,249; demons
and evil spirits, avoiding, 21; kohanim, averting gaze from during blessing, 21; names and naming, 25, 27-28; raising children, 18; sneeze test, 28 The Jewish War/Child of the Shadows, xix “Jew test,” xvii, 59-60, 232 J.I. Segal Award, 257 Kagan (Zeyde Berchik’s brother-inlaw), 104 Khmelnytsky, Bohdan, 109, 259 Kiddush Hashem, xv, 50 Kortelisy (Kortiles), Ukraine: antisemitism in, 57-60, 63; Blitt family home, 11-14, 5° Blitt ՅՕՅ
A PROMISE OF SWEET TEA family journey to, post-libera tion, 213, 222-226; cemeteries, Christian, 8-9; cheder, 8, 21, 65, 71-72,90; chief of police, 95, 97-98; Christmas in, 50, 67; destruction of, 163-164; Dvoyre di alte (healer), 25, 26, 27, 28-29, 94,123-124; farmers, 6-7,11-12, 163-164,165; German forces arrival, 104-105,107-110; Jews, threat of expulsion from, 90-91; location and geography of, 3, 4, 5-6, 8; massacres of Jews in, 111-112,115-119,123; Passover matzo baking, 81-82; Polish authority, under, 3, 7, 8, 50, 53, 54-55; population makeup, 8, 50; property, Jewish, theft and confiscation of, 94,103,113,146; public services, 7; religions co existing in, 49-52; Soviet policy toward Jews, speculation about, 73. 74-75; synagogue, 5, 37, юз104; Tulier (villager), 31,110,155, 156,160; Ukrainian Orthodox Christians in, 8-9, 49, 50-51, 88, 98,163-164; United States, im migration to, from, 39; Yidl der fleyshiker (villager), 25; Yidl der milkhiker (villager), 25; Yisroel (scholar and matzo baker), 32, 81-82,113,117; Zalmen der siver (villager), 25,123. See also Jewish villagers’ beliefs and practices; Roma; Ukrainian police; Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Kosiński, Jerzy, xix Kowel (Kovle), Ukraine, 3, 39, 94, 231, 233-234 kulaks, 73,75,76, 231 Lag Bomer, 32 Layton, Irving, 247, 254 Lead Soldiers, The xvi, xix Leib, Mani, 23 Lifshitz, Pinchas, 254 Ligutka (Polish policeman), 54-55 Linz, Austria, 15, 239-242 literature: Holocaust, xvi, xix; poet ry, Aramaic, 23; poetry, Russian, 66-67,76-77; poetry, Ukrainian, 59, 66-67; poetry, Yiddish, 23; stories, Hebrew, 23;
stories, Russian, 75,76,77; stories, Ukrainian, 75; stories, Yiddish, 23. See also theatre, Yiddish; writers; Yiddish language McGill University Faculty of Law, 246, 251, 254, 255-256 Meir ben Isaac, 23 Messiah, expectation of arrival, 98, 110,113,117 mezuzahs, xvii, xviii, 170 Mikhoels, Shloyme, xv Mokraný, Ukraine, 88,164, 201, 217, 221 Montreal: abattoir (Iberville Street), 243-244, 251; Anshai Ukraina synagogue (later Zichron Kedoshim), 243-244; Durocher Street house, 244; Expo 67, 75; Folkshule, xv; halvah, discover ing, 48; Holocaust survivors, З04
PINCHAS BLITT attitudes toward, xxii, 245; McGill University Faculty of Law, 246,251,254,255-256; Plamondon Avenue duplex, 251; Shloyme (ritual slaugh terer), 252; St. Urbain Street house, 243; Vaad Ha’ir (Jewish Community Council), 243, 252, 253; Wasserman, Dora, xv, xxii, 255-256 Morin, Nancy, 266 Moses, xvii, 72 music: anthems, 76; chastushki (verses with a tune), 44, 207; “Der feter Yishmoel vos voynt in Eretz Yisroel” (Uncle Ishmael who lives in the Land of Israel; song), 24; Heine, Heinrich, 118; “Itsik hot shoyn khasene gehať (Itzik is now married; song), 73-74, 203; “Lomir trinken a ľkhayim far dem libn khaver Stalin” (song), 203; songs, German, 118; songs, Hebrew, 76; songs, Polish, 76; songs, Roma, xv, 50; songs, Russian, 44; songs, Ukrainian, 44, 75-76, 203; songs, Yiddish, 24, 73-74, 202-203; zmires (songs sung on the Sabbath), 37,115,131. See also Yiddish language Nachům Ish Gamzu, 37,161 Narodowe Siły Zbrojne (National Armed Forces; nsz), 235 Nebitch Forest: Adam (Ukrainian Christian friend), 165-169, 185,189,197,200; Blitt family reunited in, 153-154,165; cook ing pot, keeping kosher, xviii, 172; exploring, 170,185-186; fleas, 176-177,178; food, obtain ing, 148-150,181,186-189,192. 217-218; German forces, escape from, 208-209, 210; holidays, celebrating, 179-180; lice infesta tions, 175-176,178, 212; marshes, hiding in, 113-115; mice infesta tions, 172-173; orphans, Jewish, fate in, 147; pants, infected, found in, 175-176; partisans, 198, 214-215; Pinchas, lost in, 193-196; Pinchase father, search for, 152-153; Ratno, walking to, 127-132,133-134,137-138;
Shabbos, celebrating in, 179; shelter in, xvii, xviii, 169-170, 185,198-200; snakes, 191-192; Soviet army, arrival, 218-219, 221-222, 229-230; thunder storms, 177-178; wolves, 4, 186,191. See also Brest-Litovsk, Ukraine; forest ranger; Kortelisy, Ukraine; Kowel, Ukraine; Ratno, Ukraine Night, xvi Orlev, Uri, xvi, xix Oyfgang (Yiddish newspaper), 240 Painted Bird, The xix Passover: Haggadah, xix-xx, 18, 83, 262; khometz (leavened foods), removal of, 50, 58,179-180; matzo, baking, 81-82, 217; prophet 305
A PROMISE OF SWEET TEA Elijah, staying up for, 83 Peretz, I.L., 240 “Peter and the Wolf” (story), 75 Peters, Mordechai (former surname Pietrushka), 252, 253 Pirkei Avos (Sayings of Our Fathers), 22, 47, 71 pogroms, 9-ю Poland: army, defeat of, 62; Gliwice, 235-236; Jewish refugee families from, 34; Jewish survivors, killed postwar in, 234-235; Kortelisy, under authority of, 3, 7, 8, 50, 53, 54-55; Narodowe Siły Zbrojne (National Armed Forces; nsz), 235 postoly (traditional footwear), 6,168 Prague, Czechoslovakia, 236-238 prayer book, Blitt family’s, 15,164 prayers and blessings: for b’dikas khometz (search for leaven), 179-180; Borchi Nafshi, 119-120; circumcision prayer, 137; brokhe I’vatole (blessing said in vain), 114-115; Chanukah candles, 266267; Got fun Avrohom (God of Abraham), 115,125, ii6;goymel (deliverance from peril), 187; Havdalah, 115,126; for health of newborn and mother, 204; on hearing thunder, 177-178; Kaddish, 137,190; Kiddush, 114, 130; Kol Nidrei, 36; on seeing lightning, 177-178; L’kho Doydi, 114; mezumen, 131; Modeh Ani, 48, 71,130,141; Neilah, 21; over a new fruit, 48; Ovinu Malkeynu, 103-104; Psalms (chapter 27), 142-143; for rosh khoydesh, 179; shevebrokhes (wedding bless ings), 235; Sholem Aleichem, 114,130; Tefilas Haderech (prayer for the road), 187; upon family reunion after Ratno massacre, 153-154. See also sider (prayer book) Pripet River, 140,145,156-159, 229 property, Jewish, theft and confisca tion of, 94,103,113,146 Psalms, 36,114,119-120,142-143, 262 Rabbi of Turzysk (Trisk), 40 rabbis. See Jewish religious leaders and teachers Rabbi
Yehuda, 83 Rabinovitch, Yisroel, 254 Rashi, 22 Ratno (Ratne), Ukraine: Blitt fam ily, arrival in, 139-140; Blitt family, residing in post-libera tion, 230, 231-232; Blitt family, walking to, 127-132,133-134. 137-138; cemetery, Jewish, 3, 8, 67-68; executions of Jews and Soviet pows, 139; massacre of Jews in, 145-146; United States, immigration to from, 39; Velvi, Khazn (cantor), 103 Reyshis daas (First knowledge; picture book), 23 Roma, xv, 9-10, 49-50, 87-88 Romanowski, Itke, 121
PINCHAS BLITT Romanowski, Shmerl, 119-120,121 Rose, Fred, 253 Rosenberg, Mrs., 253 Rosh Hashanah, 103-104,179 Ross, Harold, 253 Rothchild, Eliyahu (paternal great grandfather), 15 Rucker, Gisele (Pinchass partner), 265 Russian language, 61. See also under literature; music Ruttenberg, Ben-Tsion (maternal uncle), 73-74, 111-112, 124, 127 142,146 Ruttenberg, Berchik (maternal grandfather), 7, 47-48, 53-54, 93, 124-126,132-133, 222-223 Ruttenberg, Frumeh (maternal grandmother); caregiving, 21; death and burial, 124-126, 222-223; family visit with Pinchas, 32-34; Pinchas’s lifesav ing dream about, 195-196; son, loss of, 93-94; store, operating, 47; storytelling, 4, 9-10,17, 242 Ruttenberg, Jack, 242 Ruttenberg, Phillip, 242 Ruttenberg, Pinkhes (maternal great-grandfather), 15 Ruttenberg, Yerakhmiel (maternal uncle), 7, 54, 62, 94-95,104 Sabbath. See Shabbos (Sabbath) celebrations Samary, Ukraine, 133-134,135-138, 183 samogon (homemade potato vodka), 6-7,192, 232 Scott, F.R., 246, 255 Sforim, Mendele Mocher, 258 Shabbos (Sabbath) celebrations: Blitt family’s, at home, 12,13, 24, 37, 46-47; Borchi Nafshi prayer, 119-121; final, of Bobeh Frumeh and Zeyde Berchik, 125-126; at the hamlet en route to Ratno, xxi, 130-131; in the marshes, 114-115; in Nebitch Forest, 179; neshome yeseyre (Sabbath soul), 126; in a stable, 124 shatnez (forbidden mixing), xvii, 200 Shavuos, 12, 48,119, 245. See also Akdomus (liturgical poem) Sheftel family (Hershl; Zlate; two sons, names unknown), 37,108, 117,119, 223 Shemini Atzeres, 142 Shevchenko, Taras Hryhorovych, xvii, 59 Shimon ben Gamliel, 22
Shimon Hatzadik (Simon the Righteous), 22 Shir Hashirim (Song of Songs), 245 Shlomo HaLevi Alkabetz, 114 sider (prayer book), 15, 71,142-143, 164,167-169,170, 245 Simchas Torah, 23, 81,119 Sir George Williams College, 253, 254 Solomon Schechter School, 254 Sonia (schoolteacher), 111-112,146 “Sonia the Duck” (story), 75 307
A PROMISE OF SWEET TEA Soviet Union. See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Stalin, Iosif Vissarionovich (Joseph): hopefulness about in Kortelisy, 73-75; Jewish culture and language, threat to, 68-69, 72; Pinchass views on, 67, 68, 78-79, 238, 244; Soviet school teachings on, xvii, 65, 66-67, 231 Sukkos, 185 sweet tea, Pinchass fondness for, xxiii, 181 Talmud, 254-255 Tammuz (Hebrew month), xx, 15, 18-19,255 theatre, Israeli, xv, xxii theatre, Yiddish: acting career, Pinchass, xv, xxii, 255-256, 257258, 266; Aleichem, Sholem, xv, xvi-xvii, 255-256; Asch, Sholem, xv, 50; Bontshe shvayg (Bontshe the Silent), 240; Cytrynbaum, Bryna, xv; Dos groyse gevins (The Lottery), xv, 255-256; Folkshule, xv; Hannah Senesh, xv, xxii; Igelfeld, Aba, xxii, 240; J.I. Segal Award, 257; Kiddush Hashem, xv, 50; Mikhoels, Shloyme, xv; Peretz, I.L., 240; in Ukraine, 258; Wasserman, Dora, xv, xxii, 255-256 Tisha BAv, 5, 90 trauma, responses to: anger, 100-101; denial and disbelief, 95,139-140; despair, 133,181-183; determination, 181; fatalism, xix, 113,133; Pinchass inability to understand, xxi, 131-132; ratio nalization, 109-110,140 Tzili, xvi, xix Ukraine: bread, cultural impor tance in, 58; Brest-Litovsk, 3, 26-27, 221; Hodyn, 50,165-166, 197; Jewish culture in, 258-259; Kowel, 3, 39, 94, 231, 233-234; Mokraný, 88,164, 201, 217, Samary, 133-134,135-138, 183; Volhynia, 3, 65. See also Kortelisy, Ukraine; Nebitch Forest; Poland; Ratno, Ukraine; Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Ukrainian language, xvii, 23, 59-61. See also under literature; music Ukrainian Orthodox Christians, 8-9, 42-43,
49, 50-51, 88, 98, 148, 201 Ukrainian police: beatings ad ministered by, 98-99,100-101, 103,113,132; Bulbovtsi and Banderivtsi, 124,127, 213-214; Christians, executing, 148; disbanded, danger from, 213-214, 215, 225; dogs killed 221; by, 93; Kortelisy chief of police, 97-98; murders by, 148,155-156, 163-164; property theft and con fiscation by, 103,113,146; Roma destroyed by, 87-88; threats and humiliations by, 103,113,127,132 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: bombing missions, 198-200; 308
PINCHAS BLITT Commissar (nkvd nachalnik), 230-231; Jewish religious schools, cancelled by, 65,71, 72-73; Kortelisy, presence in, 55, Elie, xvi yiádishkayt (Jewishness), xix Yiddish language: Aleichem, 61, 62-63, 72-73; kulaks, 73, 75, 76, 231; partisans, 198, 214-215; Ruskaya Chytanka (Russian reader), 75; soldiers, 88-89, i39 218-219, 221-222, 229-230, 236; Soviet school, xvii, 65-67, 77-78, 231,255-256; zhyd, abolishment of word, 61-62 United States of America, 39, 40-41, 181, 233 use Shoah Foundation, xxii Vaad Ha’ir (Jewish Community Council), 243, 252, 253 Vayl mir zaynen yidn (“because we are Jews”), xix, 10, 60,98, 99-100,142 Vienna, Austria, 239 violence, civilian, against Jewish villagers, 94,113,121,132 Volhynia, 3, 65 Wasserman, Dora, xv, xxii, 255-256 Wiesel, Elie, xvi Wiseman, Shloime, 245 writers: Aleichem, Sholem, xv, xvi-xvii, 23, 255-256; Appelfeld, Aharon, xvi, xix; Asch, Sholem, xv, 50; Grynberg, Henryk, xix; Kosiński, Jerzy, xix; Leib, Mani, 23; Orlev, Uri, xvi, xix; Peretz, LL., 240; Sforim, Mendele Mocher, 258; Shevchenko, Taras Hryhorovych, xvii, 59; Wiesel, Sholem, xv, xvi-xvii, 23, 255-256; Asch, Sholem, xv, 50; Leib, Mani, 23; Peretz, LL., 240; Pinchass introduction to, 23-24; Sforim, Mendele Mocher, 258; sounds of, 60-61. See also under literature; music; theatre, Yiddish Yingl Tsingl Khvat (poem), 23 Yom Kippur, 21, 36,103-104,179 Young Pioneers, xvii, 66 Zipper, Yankev, 246, 254 309
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CONTENTS Series Preface Editorial Note Introduction by David G. Roskies Maps Acknowledgements раят xi xiii xv xxiv-xxv xxix i Kortelisy Village Boy The Curse of Being Born in the Month of Tammuz Shaky World Magic Cures and Potions A Failed Thief This Too Is for the Good Bobehs and Zeydes At Home in Kortelisy Lords and Masters The Jew Test New Pictures on the Walls Caught between Galstuk and Tsitses Staying Awake 3 n 15 21 25 31 35 45 49 53 57 65 71 81 PART II The Horror Begins The Beginnings of Lawlessness A Double Beating 87 93 97
Nothing Changed in the Synagogue Rehearsal for the Final Destruction Escape by the Back Door Massacre in the Marshes Death After Havdalah Oasis of Sabbath Tranquility Only the Lucky Ones Die My Only Friends and Companions Surprise Visit and the Sound of Guns from Ratno A Good Messenger Father’s Escape A Village Erased Adam, Nicotine and Psalms Beautiful Pants and the Scourge of Lice We Always Celebrated the Sabbath and Holy Days Lost on the Way to Samary Deep in the Forest Father s Encounter with Wolves of Every Kind Awakened from Death Because of Shatnez In the Forest Ranger s Home More Murder and Survival People With Guns, Looking for Causes On Account of a Sack of Buckwheat Finally, Liberation 103 107 111 113 123 127 135 139 145 151 155 163 165 175 179 181 185 191 193 197 201 207 213 217 221 PART III Full Circle Moved by an Invisible Hand Breaking Old Habits In School and on the Stage Second Son Survivor 229 233 243 251 261 265 Glossary Photographs Index 269 279 299
INDEX Adam (Ukrainian Christian friend), 165-169,185,189,197, 200 Age of Wonders, The, xvi Akavya ben Mahalalei, 22 Akdomus (liturgical poem), 23, 71-72,153,245 Aleichem, Sholem, xv, xvi-xvii, 23, 255-256 American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, 15 Amerike, 39, 40-41,181, 233 Anshai Ukraina synagogue (later Zichron Kedoshim), 243 anti-Jewish laws and restrictions, 95-96 Appelfeld, Aharon, xvi, xix Asch, Sholem, xv, 50 Baal Shem Tov, 155 Banderivtsi, 124,127, 213-214 Bavli, Hillel, 254-255 Berezniak, Yekhezkiel, 242,245 Bindermichl displaced persons camp, xviii, 240-242 blessings. See prayers and blessings Blitt, Adele (née Ruttenberg; mother); affection, public demonstrations of, 19, 262-263; appearance, 35; beaten by Ukrainian police, 100-101; in Bindermichl displaced persons camp, 240; children, love for and pride in, 17-18,19,256; death, 266-267; despair, experi encing, 181-183; education, xx, 36; husband, search for, 152-154; Kortelisy massacre, escape with sons, 111-112; Montreal, making a life in, 243, 244-245, 249, 251, 256; parents murdered, 124-125; Ratno massacre, escape with sons, 146-150,151-152; tempera ment, 35,38-39; typhus, con tracting, 232. See also Kortelisy, Ukraine; Montreal; Nebitch Forest; Ratno, Ukraine Blitt, Freyde (née Rothchild; grand mother): death, 189-190; family, caring for, 21, 39-40; as healer 299
A PROMISE OF SWEET TEA and businesswoman, xx, 25, 45; in hiding, 127,169; maiden name, effect on Canadian con sular official, 204 Blitt, Hershl and family (wife, son, three infants), 116-117,134, 136-137 Blitt, Jonathan (son), 265 Blitt, Laizer (brother): in Budapest hospital, 238-239; early child hood, 11,16,18, 26-27,37, 83; parents’ beating, witnessing, 100-101; train riding instruc tions for Pinchas, 234. See also Kortelisy, Ukraine; Nebitch Forest; Ratno, Ukraine Blitt, Meyer (grandfather), 39-41, 45-47.71-72. 77-78,127,146, 223 Blitt, Mordechai-Leib (father): affection, public demonstra tions of, 19,262-263; asthma, 107,187,188, 231; beaten by Ukrainian police, 100-101; birth, 39; Christian elder, mercy from, 192; Christian friends, hiding with, 123,124; cow, family’s, 96, 230; death, 267; education and work in Ukraine, xx, 36-37; faith, xviii, 160-161,187, 261-262; German army, interpreting for (World War 1), 41-43; German army, prediction about (World War 11), 105; languages, fluency in, 41-42, 43-44; Montreal, making a life in, 243-244, 249, 251-252; music talent, 36, 41, 43-44,131, 202-204; personality and outlook on life, 35,37-39, 41,155-156,181,188; Ratno massacre, escape from, 155-160, 261; reunion with family after Ratno massacre, 152-154,165; Soviet army induction, saved from, 230-231. See also Kortelisy, Ukraine; Montreal; Nebitch Forest; Ratno, Ukraine Blitt, Moyshe-Dovid (uncle), 39 Blitt, Pinchas (uncle), 39 Blitt, Pinchas Eliyahu: autho rial voice, xvi-xvii, xx-xxi, xxii-xxiii; identities, multiple, negotiating, xvii-xix, 58-61, 66, 77-78, 98,
99-100, 231-232; Moti (fictional character), compari son to, xvi-xviii; religious faith, doubts, and questions, xviiixix, 118,178,187, 255, 261-262; survival, reflections on, 225, 226, 267-268; Vayl mir zaynen yidn (“because we are Jews”), significance to, xix, 10, 60,98, 99-100,142 Blitt, Pinchas Eliyahu, early child hood: antisemitism experi enced by, 51, 57-60, 63; birth and birthdays, 15-16,18-19, 35; death, early views on, 9-10; education, religious, xix, 21-23, 46-47, 71-72; family visit with Bobeh Frumeh, 32-34; fears, 4, 10, 57, 65; games and toys, 31-32, 33-34; heroes, 23,77; “Jew test,”
PINCHAS BLITT xvii, 59-60; languages read and spoken, xvi-xvii, xix֊xx, 21-22,23,59-61,77; laybtsedak (garment worn by male Jews), xvii, 66, 78; Messiah, imped ing arrival of, 119-121; Pineleh, diminutive given by mother, 16; potatoes, memories of digging up, xvi, 7; reading, pleasure in, 23-24; Soviet school, xvii, 65-67, 77-78,255-256; as tam (simple son), xx, 15,18-19,255; trips with father, 11,51-52,54. See also Jewish villagers’ beliefs and practices; Kortelisy, Ukraine Blitt, Pinchas Eliyahu, German occupation to liberation: beaten by Ukrainian police, 98-99; childbirth, witnessing, 135-136; Christian farmers, staying with, 140-143,145; Christian friends, hiding with, 123,124; death, views on, 132,138,147-148; fear, constant, coping with, 142-143; horse, family’s, 96; Jewish family in hamlet, staying with, xxi, 128132, из; shot by German forces, 208-209,211-212; stillborn triplets, ceremonies for, xviii, 136-137; sweet tea, fondness for, xxiii, 181. See also German forces; Nebitch Forest; Ratno, Ukraine; trauma, responses to; Ukrainian police Blitt, Pinchas Eliyahu, post liberation to present: act ing career, xv, xxii, 255-256, 257-258,266; Bindermichl displaced persons camp, xviii, 240-242; birthday celebrations, 248-249; Bratislava, Slovakia, 238; Budapest, Hungary, stay in, 238-239; Canadian consular office interview, 241-242; cancer diagnosis, 266; education, 231, 240-241,244-245; Gliwice, Poland, stay in, 235-236; Greek false identity, travelling under, xvii, 237; Grugliasco, Italy, stay in, 242; immigration process, Blitt family’s, 233-235, 236-237,
238-239,241-242; law career, 19, 39, 254,257,266; Linz, Austria, stay in, 15,239-242; McGill University Faculty of Law studies, 246,251,254,255-256; Prague, Czechoslovakia, stay in, 236-238; preconceptions challenged in Canada, 246-247; Ukraine, visiting as an adult, 258-259; Vaad Ha’ir, employ ment with, 252-254; Vienna, Austria, stay in, 239. See also Montreal; theatre, Yiddish Blitt, Robert (son), 265 Blitt, Shmilke (uncle), 36,40,41, 124,127,146,241 Bontshe shvayg (Bontshe the Silent; play), xxii, 240 Boyko family, 100, 201 Bratislava, Slovakia, 238 Braverman, Yoyneh, 245
A PROMISE OF SWEET TEA Brest-Litovsk (Brisk), Ukraine, 3, 26-27,221 Brokhes (tractate), 254-255 Bulbovtsi, 124,127,213-214 Canadian Communist Party, 253 Chanukah, 16,119,179,266-267 “Chanukah gelt” (short story), 23 Chumash (Five Books of Moses), 21, 47. 71.130 Cohen, Leonard, 255 Cossacks, 9-10,57 Cytrynbaum, Bryna, xv Darwin, Charles, 247 "Di fon” (The Flag; short story), 23 Dos groyse gevins (The Lottery; play), xv, 255-256 “Dos Meserl” (The Penknife; short story), 23 Dunsky, Shimshon, 254 Elijah, prophet, 77, 83 Ezekiel, prophet, 259 fasting, 28,179,247-248 fighting, admonitions for Jewish children against, 63,100 folk beliefs. See Jewish villagers’ beliefs and practices Folkshule, xv forest ranger: Blitt family’s friend ship with, 201-203, 207; brotherin-law of, 207-208, 209; family members, 201-202, 204-205; family murdered by German forces, 209-211; frightening dream of, 207. See also Nebitch Forest galstuk (red neckerchief), xvii, 66, 71, 72, 78, 81, 83 German forces: colonel’s visit to Blitt household, 110; executions of Jews and Soviet p о ws in Ratno, 139; invasion into Sovietoccupied territory, 87, 88-89; Kortelisy, arrival in, 104-105; massacre of Jews in Kowel, 94; massacre of Jews in Ratno, 145-146; massacres of Jews in Kortelisy, 111-112,115-119,123; partisans and suspected sup porters, attacks on, 198,208-212, 214,217; roundup in Kortelisy (spring 1942), 107-109; sol diers disguised as women, 116, 117-118; Ukrainian Christians, execution of, 148,163-164; with drawal from region, 213-214 ghettos, 89-90 Gliwice, Poland, 235-236 gramophone, 73-75
Grugliasco, Italy, 242 Grynberg, Henryk, xix Haggadah, xix-xx, 18, 83, 262 Hamilton, Donald, 251 Hannah Senesh, xv, xxii Happy (Pinchass daughter), 263, 265 Heine, Heinrich, 118 Herman, Bernard, 255 Herschorn (Rabbi), 252 High Holidays, 103-104,142. See also Jewish holidays Hirschprung, Rabbi Pinchas, 252 Hodyn, Ukraine, 50,165-166,197 302
PINCHAS BLITT Holocaust literature, xvi, xix Holocaust survivors, attitudes toward, xxii, 245 Hovevei Zion (Lovers of Zion), 258 Igelfeld, Aba, xxii, 240 immigration journey, Blitt fam ily’s, 233-235.236-237.238-239. 241-242 Jewish holidays: Chanukah, 16,119, 179,266-267; High Holidays, 103-104,142; Lag Bomer, 32; Rosh Hashanah, 103-104, 179; Shavuos, 12,48,119, 245; Shemini Atzeres, 142; Simchas Torah, 23,81,119; Sukkos, 185; Tisha B’Av, 5,90; Yom Kippur, 21, 36,103-104,179. See also fast ing; Jewish religious and ethical texts; Passover; prayers and blessings Jewish Labour Bund, xxii Jewish Peoples School, 245 Jewish religious and ethical texts: Akdomus (liturgical poem), 23, 71-72,153,245; Brokhes (tractate), 254-255; Chumash (Five Books of Moses), 21, 47, 71,130; Haggadah, xix֊xx, 18, 83,262; Pirkei Avos (Sayings of Our Fathers), 22, 47, 71; Psalms, 36,114,119-120,142-143,262; Shir Hashirim (Song of Songs), 245; sider (prayer book), 15, 71,142-143.164.167-169,170, 245; Talmud, 254-255. See also prayers and blessings Jewish religious leaders and teach ers: Akavya ben Mahalalei, 22; Baal Shem Tov, 155; Meir ben Isaac, 23; Nachům Ish Gamzu, 37,161; Rabbi of Turzysk (Trisk), 40; Rabbi Yehuda, 83; Rashi, 22; Shimon ben Gamliel, 22; Shimon Hatzadik (Simon the Righteous), 22; Shlomo HaLevi Alkabetz, 114 Jewish Teachers Seminary, 245-246, 254 Jewish Theological Seminary of America, xviii, 254-255 Jewish villagers’ beliefs and prac tices: age, prohibition on stating, 16; Angel of Death, outwitting, 27-28; birthday taboos, 15-16, 248-249; counting, prohibited, 16,249; demons
and evil spirits, avoiding, 21; kohanim, averting gaze from during blessing, 21; names and naming, 25, 27-28; raising children, 18; sneeze test, 28 The Jewish War/Child of the Shadows, xix “Jew test,” xvii, 59-60, 232 J.I. Segal Award, 257 Kagan (Zeyde Berchik’s brother-inlaw), 104 Khmelnytsky, Bohdan, 109, 259 Kiddush Hashem, xv, 50 Kortelisy (Kortiles), Ukraine: antisemitism in, 57-60, 63; Blitt family home, 11-14, 5° Blitt ՅՕՅ
A PROMISE OF SWEET TEA family journey to, post-libera tion, 213, 222-226; cemeteries, Christian, 8-9; cheder, 8, 21, 65, 71-72,90; chief of police, 95, 97-98; Christmas in, 50, 67; destruction of, 163-164; Dvoyre di alte (healer), 25, 26, 27, 28-29, 94,123-124; farmers, 6-7,11-12, 163-164,165; German forces arrival, 104-105,107-110; Jews, threat of expulsion from, 90-91; location and geography of, 3, 4, 5-6, 8; massacres of Jews in, 111-112,115-119,123; Passover matzo baking, 81-82; Polish authority, under, 3, 7, 8, 50, 53, 54-55; population makeup, 8, 50; property, Jewish, theft and confiscation of, 94,103,113,146; public services, 7; religions co existing in, 49-52; Soviet policy toward Jews, speculation about, 73. 74-75; synagogue, 5, 37, юз104; Tulier (villager), 31,110,155, 156,160; Ukrainian Orthodox Christians in, 8-9, 49, 50-51, 88, 98,163-164; United States, im migration to, from, 39; Yidl der fleyshiker (villager), 25; Yidl der milkhiker (villager), 25; Yisroel (scholar and matzo baker), 32, 81-82,113,117; Zalmen der siver (villager), 25,123. See also Jewish villagers’ beliefs and practices; Roma; Ukrainian police; Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Kosiński, Jerzy, xix Kowel (Kovle), Ukraine, 3, 39, 94, 231, 233-234 kulaks, 73,75,76, 231 Lag Bomer, 32 Layton, Irving, 247, 254 Lead Soldiers, The xvi, xix Leib, Mani, 23 Lifshitz, Pinchas, 254 Ligutka (Polish policeman), 54-55 Linz, Austria, 15, 239-242 literature: Holocaust, xvi, xix; poet ry, Aramaic, 23; poetry, Russian, 66-67,76-77; poetry, Ukrainian, 59, 66-67; poetry, Yiddish, 23; stories, Hebrew, 23;
stories, Russian, 75,76,77; stories, Ukrainian, 75; stories, Yiddish, 23. See also theatre, Yiddish; writers; Yiddish language McGill University Faculty of Law, 246, 251, 254, 255-256 Meir ben Isaac, 23 Messiah, expectation of arrival, 98, 110,113,117 mezuzahs, xvii, xviii, 170 Mikhoels, Shloyme, xv Mokraný, Ukraine, 88,164, 201, 217, 221 Montreal: abattoir (Iberville Street), 243-244, 251; Anshai Ukraina synagogue (later Zichron Kedoshim), 243-244; Durocher Street house, 244; Expo 67, 75; Folkshule, xv; halvah, discover ing, 48; Holocaust survivors, З04
PINCHAS BLITT attitudes toward, xxii, 245; McGill University Faculty of Law, 246,251,254,255-256; Plamondon Avenue duplex, 251; Shloyme (ritual slaugh terer), 252; St. Urbain Street house, 243; Vaad Ha’ir (Jewish Community Council), 243, 252, 253; Wasserman, Dora, xv, xxii, 255-256 Morin, Nancy, 266 Moses, xvii, 72 music: anthems, 76; chastushki (verses with a tune), 44, 207; “Der feter Yishmoel vos voynt in Eretz Yisroel” (Uncle Ishmael who lives in the Land of Israel; song), 24; Heine, Heinrich, 118; “Itsik hot shoyn khasene gehať (Itzik is now married; song), 73-74, 203; “Lomir trinken a ľkhayim far dem libn khaver Stalin” (song), 203; songs, German, 118; songs, Hebrew, 76; songs, Polish, 76; songs, Roma, xv, 50; songs, Russian, 44; songs, Ukrainian, 44, 75-76, 203; songs, Yiddish, 24, 73-74, 202-203; zmires (songs sung on the Sabbath), 37,115,131. See also Yiddish language Nachům Ish Gamzu, 37,161 Narodowe Siły Zbrojne (National Armed Forces; nsz), 235 Nebitch Forest: Adam (Ukrainian Christian friend), 165-169, 185,189,197,200; Blitt family reunited in, 153-154,165; cook ing pot, keeping kosher, xviii, 172; exploring, 170,185-186; fleas, 176-177,178; food, obtain ing, 148-150,181,186-189,192. 217-218; German forces, escape from, 208-209, 210; holidays, celebrating, 179-180; lice infesta tions, 175-176,178, 212; marshes, hiding in, 113-115; mice infesta tions, 172-173; orphans, Jewish, fate in, 147; pants, infected, found in, 175-176; partisans, 198, 214-215; Pinchas, lost in, 193-196; Pinchase father, search for, 152-153; Ratno, walking to, 127-132,133-134,137-138;
Shabbos, celebrating in, 179; shelter in, xvii, xviii, 169-170, 185,198-200; snakes, 191-192; Soviet army, arrival, 218-219, 221-222, 229-230; thunder storms, 177-178; wolves, 4, 186,191. See also Brest-Litovsk, Ukraine; forest ranger; Kortelisy, Ukraine; Kowel, Ukraine; Ratno, Ukraine Night, xvi Orlev, Uri, xvi, xix Oyfgang (Yiddish newspaper), 240 Painted Bird, The xix Passover: Haggadah, xix-xx, 18, 83, 262; khometz (leavened foods), removal of, 50, 58,179-180; matzo, baking, 81-82, 217; prophet 305
A PROMISE OF SWEET TEA Elijah, staying up for, 83 Peretz, I.L., 240 “Peter and the Wolf” (story), 75 Peters, Mordechai (former surname Pietrushka), 252, 253 Pirkei Avos (Sayings of Our Fathers), 22, 47, 71 pogroms, 9-ю Poland: army, defeat of, 62; Gliwice, 235-236; Jewish refugee families from, 34; Jewish survivors, killed postwar in, 234-235; Kortelisy, under authority of, 3, 7, 8, 50, 53, 54-55; Narodowe Siły Zbrojne (National Armed Forces; nsz), 235 postoly (traditional footwear), 6,168 Prague, Czechoslovakia, 236-238 prayer book, Blitt family’s, 15,164 prayers and blessings: for b’dikas khometz (search for leaven), 179-180; Borchi Nafshi, 119-120; circumcision prayer, 137; brokhe I’vatole (blessing said in vain), 114-115; Chanukah candles, 266267; Got fun Avrohom (God of Abraham), 115,125, ii6;goymel (deliverance from peril), 187; Havdalah, 115,126; for health of newborn and mother, 204; on hearing thunder, 177-178; Kaddish, 137,190; Kiddush, 114, 130; Kol Nidrei, 36; on seeing lightning, 177-178; L’kho Doydi, 114; mezumen, 131; Modeh Ani, 48, 71,130,141; Neilah, 21; over a new fruit, 48; Ovinu Malkeynu, 103-104; Psalms (chapter 27), 142-143; for rosh khoydesh, 179; shevebrokhes (wedding bless ings), 235; Sholem Aleichem, 114,130; Tefilas Haderech (prayer for the road), 187; upon family reunion after Ratno massacre, 153-154. See also sider (prayer book) Pripet River, 140,145,156-159, 229 property, Jewish, theft and confisca tion of, 94,103,113,146 Psalms, 36,114,119-120,142-143, 262 Rabbi of Turzysk (Trisk), 40 rabbis. See Jewish religious leaders and teachers Rabbi
Yehuda, 83 Rabinovitch, Yisroel, 254 Rashi, 22 Ratno (Ratne), Ukraine: Blitt fam ily, arrival in, 139-140; Blitt family, residing in post-libera tion, 230, 231-232; Blitt family, walking to, 127-132,133-134. 137-138; cemetery, Jewish, 3, 8, 67-68; executions of Jews and Soviet pows, 139; massacre of Jews in, 145-146; United States, immigration to from, 39; Velvi, Khazn (cantor), 103 Reyshis daas (First knowledge; picture book), 23 Roma, xv, 9-10, 49-50, 87-88 Romanowski, Itke, 121
PINCHAS BLITT Romanowski, Shmerl, 119-120,121 Rose, Fred, 253 Rosenberg, Mrs., 253 Rosh Hashanah, 103-104,179 Ross, Harold, 253 Rothchild, Eliyahu (paternal great grandfather), 15 Rucker, Gisele (Pinchass partner), 265 Russian language, 61. See also under literature; music Ruttenberg, Ben-Tsion (maternal uncle), 73-74, 111-112, 124, 127 142,146 Ruttenberg, Berchik (maternal grandfather), 7, 47-48, 53-54, 93, 124-126,132-133, 222-223 Ruttenberg, Frumeh (maternal grandmother); caregiving, 21; death and burial, 124-126, 222-223; family visit with Pinchas, 32-34; Pinchas’s lifesav ing dream about, 195-196; son, loss of, 93-94; store, operating, 47; storytelling, 4, 9-10,17, 242 Ruttenberg, Jack, 242 Ruttenberg, Phillip, 242 Ruttenberg, Pinkhes (maternal great-grandfather), 15 Ruttenberg, Yerakhmiel (maternal uncle), 7, 54, 62, 94-95,104 Sabbath. See Shabbos (Sabbath) celebrations Samary, Ukraine, 133-134,135-138, 183 samogon (homemade potato vodka), 6-7,192, 232 Scott, F.R., 246, 255 Sforim, Mendele Mocher, 258 Shabbos (Sabbath) celebrations: Blitt family’s, at home, 12,13, 24, 37, 46-47; Borchi Nafshi prayer, 119-121; final, of Bobeh Frumeh and Zeyde Berchik, 125-126; at the hamlet en route to Ratno, xxi, 130-131; in the marshes, 114-115; in Nebitch Forest, 179; neshome yeseyre (Sabbath soul), 126; in a stable, 124 shatnez (forbidden mixing), xvii, 200 Shavuos, 12, 48,119, 245. See also Akdomus (liturgical poem) Sheftel family (Hershl; Zlate; two sons, names unknown), 37,108, 117,119, 223 Shemini Atzeres, 142 Shevchenko, Taras Hryhorovych, xvii, 59 Shimon ben Gamliel, 22
Shimon Hatzadik (Simon the Righteous), 22 Shir Hashirim (Song of Songs), 245 Shlomo HaLevi Alkabetz, 114 sider (prayer book), 15, 71,142-143, 164,167-169,170, 245 Simchas Torah, 23, 81,119 Sir George Williams College, 253, 254 Solomon Schechter School, 254 Sonia (schoolteacher), 111-112,146 “Sonia the Duck” (story), 75 307
A PROMISE OF SWEET TEA Soviet Union. See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Stalin, Iosif Vissarionovich (Joseph): hopefulness about in Kortelisy, 73-75; Jewish culture and language, threat to, 68-69, 72; Pinchass views on, 67, 68, 78-79, 238, 244; Soviet school teachings on, xvii, 65, 66-67, 231 Sukkos, 185 sweet tea, Pinchass fondness for, xxiii, 181 Talmud, 254-255 Tammuz (Hebrew month), xx, 15, 18-19,255 theatre, Israeli, xv, xxii theatre, Yiddish: acting career, Pinchass, xv, xxii, 255-256, 257258, 266; Aleichem, Sholem, xv, xvi-xvii, 255-256; Asch, Sholem, xv, 50; Bontshe shvayg (Bontshe the Silent), 240; Cytrynbaum, Bryna, xv; Dos groyse gevins (The Lottery), xv, 255-256; Folkshule, xv; Hannah Senesh, xv, xxii; Igelfeld, Aba, xxii, 240; J.I. Segal Award, 257; Kiddush Hashem, xv, 50; Mikhoels, Shloyme, xv; Peretz, I.L., 240; in Ukraine, 258; Wasserman, Dora, xv, xxii, 255-256 Tisha BAv, 5, 90 trauma, responses to: anger, 100-101; denial and disbelief, 95,139-140; despair, 133,181-183; determination, 181; fatalism, xix, 113,133; Pinchass inability to understand, xxi, 131-132; ratio nalization, 109-110,140 Tzili, xvi, xix Ukraine: bread, cultural impor tance in, 58; Brest-Litovsk, 3, 26-27, 221; Hodyn, 50,165-166, 197; Jewish culture in, 258-259; Kowel, 3, 39, 94, 231, 233-234; Mokraný, 88,164, 201, 217, Samary, 133-134,135-138, 183; Volhynia, 3, 65. See also Kortelisy, Ukraine; Nebitch Forest; Poland; Ratno, Ukraine; Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Ukrainian language, xvii, 23, 59-61. See also under literature; music Ukrainian Orthodox Christians, 8-9, 42-43,
49, 50-51, 88, 98, 148, 201 Ukrainian police: beatings ad ministered by, 98-99,100-101, 103,113,132; Bulbovtsi and Banderivtsi, 124,127, 213-214; Christians, executing, 148; disbanded, danger from, 213-214, 215, 225; dogs killed 221; by, 93; Kortelisy chief of police, 97-98; murders by, 148,155-156, 163-164; property theft and con fiscation by, 103,113,146; Roma destroyed by, 87-88; threats and humiliations by, 103,113,127,132 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: bombing missions, 198-200; 308
PINCHAS BLITT Commissar (nkvd nachalnik), 230-231; Jewish religious schools, cancelled by, 65,71, 72-73; Kortelisy, presence in, 55, Elie, xvi yiádishkayt (Jewishness), xix Yiddish language: Aleichem, 61, 62-63, 72-73; kulaks, 73, 75, 76, 231; partisans, 198, 214-215; Ruskaya Chytanka (Russian reader), 75; soldiers, 88-89, i39 218-219, 221-222, 229-230, 236; Soviet school, xvii, 65-67, 77-78, 231,255-256; zhyd, abolishment of word, 61-62 United States of America, 39, 40-41, 181, 233 use Shoah Foundation, xxii Vaad Ha’ir (Jewish Community Council), 243, 252, 253 Vayl mir zaynen yidn (“because we are Jews”), xix, 10, 60,98, 99-100,142 Vienna, Austria, 239 violence, civilian, against Jewish villagers, 94,113,121,132 Volhynia, 3, 65 Wasserman, Dora, xv, xxii, 255-256 Wiesel, Elie, xvi Wiseman, Shloime, 245 writers: Aleichem, Sholem, xv, xvi-xvii, 23, 255-256; Appelfeld, Aharon, xvi, xix; Asch, Sholem, xv, 50; Grynberg, Henryk, xix; Kosiński, Jerzy, xix; Leib, Mani, 23; Orlev, Uri, xvi, xix; Peretz, LL., 240; Sforim, Mendele Mocher, 258; Shevchenko, Taras Hryhorovych, xvii, 59; Wiesel, Sholem, xv, xvi-xvii, 23, 255-256; Asch, Sholem, xv, 50; Leib, Mani, 23; Peretz, LL., 240; Pinchass introduction to, 23-24; Sforim, Mendele Mocher, 258; sounds of, 60-61. See also under literature; music; theatre, Yiddish Yingl Tsingl Khvat (poem), 23 Yom Kippur, 21, 36,103-104,179 Young Pioneers, xvii, 66 Zipper, Yankev, 246, 254 309 |
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| author | Blitt, Pinchas Eliyahu 1931- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1249502853 |
| author_facet | Blitt, Pinchas Eliyahu 1931- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Blitt, Pinchas Eliyahu 1931- |
| author_variant | p e b pe peb |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV047675315 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1302324609 (DE-599)KXP1760148849 |
| edition | First edition |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Ukraine (DE-588)4061496-7 gnd Kanada (DE-588)4029456-0 gnd Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd Ostgalizien (DE-588)4092612-6 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Ukraine Kanada Polen Ostgalizien |
| id | DE-604.BV047675315 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T18:55:29Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:18:59Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)1126585653 |
| isbn | 9781989719152 |
| language | English |
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| series2 | The Azrieli series of Holocaust survivor memoirs. Series XIII |
| spelling | Blitt, Pinchas Eliyahu 1931- Verfasser (DE-588)1249502853 aut A promise of sweet tea memoirs of a survivor Pinchas Eliyahu Blitt First edition Toronto The Azrieli Foundation [2021] xxix, 309 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The Azrieli series of Holocaust survivor memoirs. Series XIII In a village in prewar Eastern Europe, young Pinchas Blitt is surrounded by colourful characters, vivid stories and the rich language and traditions of his ancestors. As antisemitism rises, Pinchas is beset by fears, but he finds belonging in family, Jewish texts, and prayers. In 1939, Pinchas adapts to the new Soviet occupation, but when the Nazis arrive, his beloved village is decimated, and he and his family must flee. A precarious existence on the run brings Pinchas face to face with his own mortality and faith, and with a sense of dislocation that will accompany him throughout his life. Judenvernichtung (DE-588)4073091-8 gnd rswk-swf Überlebender (DE-588)4136796-0 gnd rswk-swf Ukraine (DE-588)4061496-7 gnd rswk-swf Kanada (DE-588)4029456-0 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf Ostgalizien (DE-588)4092612-6 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4133254-4 Erlebnisbericht gnd-content (DE-588)4003939-0 Autobiografie gnd-content Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Ukraine (DE-588)4061496-7 g Ostgalizien (DE-588)4092612-6 g Judenvernichtung (DE-588)4073091-8 s Überlebender (DE-588)4136796-0 s Kanada (DE-588)4029456-0 g DE-604 The Azrieli Foundation (DE-588)1126585653 isb Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, ebk 978-1-989719-21-3 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-1-989719-23-7 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033059420&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033059420&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Blitt, Pinchas Eliyahu 1931- A promise of sweet tea memoirs of a survivor Judenvernichtung (DE-588)4073091-8 gnd Überlebender (DE-588)4136796-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4073091-8 (DE-588)4136796-0 (DE-588)4061496-7 (DE-588)4029456-0 (DE-588)4046496-9 (DE-588)4092612-6 (DE-588)4133254-4 (DE-588)4003939-0 |
| title | A promise of sweet tea memoirs of a survivor |
| title_auth | A promise of sweet tea memoirs of a survivor |
| title_exact_search | A promise of sweet tea memoirs of a survivor |
| title_exact_search_txtP | A promise of sweet tea memoirs of a survivor |
| title_full | A promise of sweet tea memoirs of a survivor Pinchas Eliyahu Blitt |
| title_fullStr | A promise of sweet tea memoirs of a survivor Pinchas Eliyahu Blitt |
| title_full_unstemmed | A promise of sweet tea memoirs of a survivor Pinchas Eliyahu Blitt |
| title_short | A promise of sweet tea |
| title_sort | a promise of sweet tea memoirs of a survivor |
| title_sub | memoirs of a survivor |
| topic | Judenvernichtung (DE-588)4073091-8 gnd Überlebender (DE-588)4136796-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Judenvernichtung Überlebender Ukraine Kanada Polen Ostgalizien Erlebnisbericht Autobiografie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033059420&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033059420&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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