Emigracja zarobkowa Polaków do Szkocji: społeczne i kulturowe konteksty adaptacji = The economic migration of Poles in Scotland : the social and cultural contexts of adaptation
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Toruń
Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika
2021
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | 242 Seiten Illustrationen 23 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788323145233 |
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| 246 | 1 | 1 | |a The economic migration of Poles in Scotland |
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| adam_text | SPIS TRESCI Wstęp I 7 Rozdział I Historyczne konteksty emigracji Polaków do Szkocji I 13 1. Związki między narodami: Szkoci w Polsce i Polacy w Szkocji I 13 2. Emigracja czasów II wojny światowej ► 20 3. Polska emigracja powojenna (do 2004 roku) ► 27 Rozdział II „Nowa” emigracja poakcesyjna Polaków do Wielkiej Brytanii i Szkocji 35 1. Fenomen emigracji zarobkowej do Wielkiej Brytanii 35 2. Migracja zarobkowa Polaków do Szkocji po 2004 roku ► 43 3. Wybrane polskie organizacje społeczno-kulturalne działające w Szkocji 49 4. Uwarunkowania edukacyjne dzieci polskich migrantów w Szkocji I 51 5. Polskie duszpasterstwo katolickie w Szkocji I 60 Rozdział III Teoretyczno-metodologiczne aspekty refleksji nad polską emigracją poakcesyjną w Szkocji ► 69 1. Konceptualizacja teoretyczna badań: emigracja zarobkowa w aspekcie wybranych teorii migracji 69 2. Adaptacja jako przejaw optymalizacji form funkcjonowania człowieka w zmieniających się warunkach I 76 3. Metodologia i organizacja badan ► 83
6 í Spis treści Rozdział IV Społeczno-demograficzne determinanty emigracji zarobkowej I 88 1. Charakterystyka socjodemograficzna badanej grupy I 88 2. Motywy emigracji i ich społeczno-ekonomiczne uwarunkowania I 97 3. Kapitał społeczny i kulturowy emigrantów a miejsce w strukturze społecznej. Problem dekwalifikacji i „szklanego sufitu” · 107 Rozdział V Adaptacja emigrantów zarobkowych i jej społeczno-kulturowe konteksty ► 119 1. Problemy adaptacyjne emigrantów zarobkowych ► 119 2. Poczucie bezpieczeństwa i postrzegane zagrożenia I 132 3. Otrzymana pomoc i oczekiwane wsparcie I 141 4. Społeczno-kulturowe determinanty procesu adaptacji emigrantów zarobkowych 145 Rozdział VI Emigracja zarobkowa jako wyzwanie adaptacyjne dla rodziny I 154 1. Emigracja zarobkowa rodziców (eurosieroty, eurorodzice i eurorodziny) ► 154 2. Rodzina migracyjna - konteksty adaptacyjne i rozwojowe I 159 3. Specyfika i dynamika emigracji rodzinnej: analiza typowego przypadku I 168 4. Pomiędzy domem i szkołą ֊ transnarodowe dzieciństwo i podwojona tożsamość ► 178 Rozdział VII Wyzwania tożsamościowe migracji zarobkowej I 188 1. Tożsamość emigrantów w kontekście doświadczeń wielokulturowości przeżywanego świata ► 188 2. Doświadczanie i przemiany tożsamości towarzyszące emigracji ֊ problem społecznego uznania I 191 3. Ambiwalencja, konflikty i dylematy tożsamościowe I 195 4. Tożsamość a adaptacja 198 Zakończenie I 204 Bibliografia I 209 Aneks » 229 Summary I 235 Noty o autorach 241
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SUMMARY The economic migration of Poles in Scotland. The social and cultural contexts of adaptation In a monograph we carried out afar reaching analysis of adaptational processes going on within the lives of Polish economic migrants living in Scotland. The research took place after the decision which was Brexit. This book sheds light on the migrants’ situation and presents the sociodemographic, psychosocial and cultural determinants of their migration. Many theoretical perspectives were employed in doing the research, although it was mainly grounded in a struc tural-functional approach. The monograph is indeed interdisciplinary, because it incorporates the point of view of history, sociology, education and economy. It takes into account the various micro-social contexts (family, school, parish, local society). Our research was carried out in 2017 and 2018. Its core is based mainly on questionnaires and interviews. In order to comprehend migrational issues, it was necessary to organise many meetings and talks with Poles living in Scotland, as well as visit their homes and a variety of their institutions and organisations. In this way, we immersed ourselves in the essence of the migrants’ lives, got to know the specifics of the migrational life, and received answers to important, existential questions and explored the dilemmas related to living in a foreign land. This book is composed of seven chapters. The first of which, titled Historical contexts of economic migration of Poles in Scotland, is centred on presenting the relationship between Scotland and Poland and is an
outline of the historical relations between these countries and the social and cultural contexts of the economic migrants’ adaptation. We presented therein the historical migrations of Scots to Poland and Poles to Scotland as well as two waves of pre֊EU membership
236 í Summary migrants of Poles to Scotland (1940, 1980). Chapter 2, called The “New”post EU accession migration of Poles to Great Britain and Scotland characterises the newest migration of Poles to this country after 2004, when Poland became a member of The European Union. In this part, we described the position of Poles in the social structure of Scotland, their territorial location, employment and socioeconomic status. Here too, we presented the main Polish institutions and organisations in Scotland. Moreover, we described the role of the Polish Catholic ministry in the adaptation and social integration of Poles and the religious and patriotic upbringing of children and youth of Polish economic migrants. Chapter 3, titled Theoretical-methodological aspects of reflections about post EU accession Polish emigration to Scotland, conceptualises the phenomenon of migration and bases it in a sociocultural context. Here, we present various theoretical perspectives, that have allowed us to describe the intricacies of migratory processes. An essential element of the deliberations conducted herein is maintaining the continuation of created knowledge through reference to the classic research of F. Znaniecki and W. Thomas. An attempt to further specify an essential analytical category used within this work, namely adaptation, is of additional importance. We relate it to theories explaining the phenomenon of migration and three principle dimensions of social determinants that govern migrational processes in present conditions. In the fourth chapter, titled Sociodemographic
determinants of the economic emigration, we present the sociodemographic characteristics of the research subjects of post EU accession Polish emigrants to Scotland, having analysed such variables as; age, sex, education, place of origin, work position and branch of work. We also attempted to describe their motives for migrating. The final matter touched upon in this chapter was the issue of social and cultural capital of these migrants, their intercultural transfer, cumulation and conversion. The problem of de-qualification, which affects a part of Polish migrants and the issue of mechanisms blocking the conversion of amassed capitals (cultural and social) were also analysed. In the fifth chapter, titled The adaptation of economic emigrants and its socio cultural contexts, we depicted the structure and intensity of the main adaptational problems perceived and experienced by economic migrants. In the course of the analysis, certain syndromes of adaptational problems linked to the main adaptational dimensions emerged. This procedure became the starting point for analysing differences in the cycle of adaptational processes. In this chapter, we also discussed the intercorrelations, that arose between the assessments
Summary 4 of problems accompanying migration and the ties between them and selected sociodemographic variables (sex, education, the size and nature of the place of origin and settlement during migration, family situation). We evaluated the assessment of the migrants’ sense of safety and their perception of threats that accompany migration. It was important to identify the aid which the migrants received and their expectations of support (with respect to Scottish authorities and also Polish ones). The next, sixth chapter titled Economic Migration as an adaptational challenge for the family, is designated to researching the role of family in the process of adaptation. Based on the body of interviews and observations, we attempted to capture the specificity of migration, as it is in the case of one parent, and the whole family (parents and children), as well as the characteristics of а family adaptation and the effect of emigration on the development of marriage and the family. The reports of the migrants we studied allowed us to produce an interesting description of the dynamics and specifics of this process and to recognise the main threats and opportunities that accompany it. The last part of the book, chapter seven, titled Identity challenges of the economic migrants, contains reflections about the identity of migrants in the face of life changes related to spatial mobility. In order to be able to function in the new social conditions, a migrant needs to once more answer the questions: who am I? and who do I want to be in the new reality? Analysing the sources of
recognition from the experiences of Polish migrants in Scotland has enabled us to enumerate the potential possibilities for integrating these people and their communities with local cultural contexts and the possible conflicts in the domain of identity. Balancing between various societies and cultures may result in both increasing the elasticity and complexity of human identity, as well as weakening them. Functioning between various social worlds produces a certain lack of identity in the migrant causing a feeling of emptiness, loss of meaning and a sense of being lost. Research concerning issues related to the adaptation of Poles leaving for Scotland in the post EU membership period has enabled us to show the key characteristics that create a depiction of the economic migrant within the context of a world moving towards globalization. We can assert that the Poles’ choice of migrating to Britain after Poland’s EU accession has been the most popular migratory destination among youth. The mean age of respondents we studied was 35, and their mean duration of stay abroad was 9 years. This means that they left their homeland at the age of 25, most of them after having completed 237
238 ► Summary their studies (almost half have higher education degrees). Our research subjects, motivated by a desire to improve their lives, arrived at the British Isles in search of work, but also wanting to find an opportunity to have new experiences and test themselves in unknown conditions. This attitude can be interpreted in terms of a need to confirm their identity. In many cases, these are people who are determined to solve their problems living abroad on their own, who in a decisive majority of cases have no expectations of receiving aid from the governments of Poland and Scotland. They relatively rarely devote their time to getting involved in the sociocultural life of migrant Poles. Through research we have isolated several groups of problems that trouble economic migrants. Just over half of research subjects have signalled having had important or very important problems of a psycho-emotional nature which are tied to missing their loved ones and country. The second group of problems inhabit the sociocultural dimension and stem from a negative perception of immigrants. Although these situations were rarely experienced, one in six people indicated that these problems were very important or important. The third group of psychosocial problems concerns the migrants’ difficulties in adapting to and integrating with the social environment (one in ten research subjects has assessed them as very important or important). The fourth group of problems concerns economic and material living conditions. One person in ten declared having had a bad financial situation and housing
difficulties whilst being a migrant. In the last, fifth group we allocate problems of a family nature: marital and child upbrin ging ones (these were reported by seven out a hundred research subjects). Our statistical analysis has shown that the opinions concerning adaptational problems and their intensity were affected by such sociodemographic factors as: sex, location abroad, education and place of origin in the home country. Sex was a differentiating factor in the distribution of opinions about problems one encounters while being a migrant. Women found matters relating to the care for loved ones in Poland and the upbringing of children more important; these preferences may be attributed to having a traditional perception of their role and responsibility for the tutelary aspects in family life. The problems of women in regard to their functioning in the work market were even more pronounced. The second factor that projects onto problems with adaptation turned out to be the size and type of locality the migrants lived in in Scotland. Research subjects from smaller habitable areas found their migration and its problems more troublesome. They possess a stronger sense of loneliness and isolation, they miss their homeland more, and they more frequently report the lack of
Summary support from institutions and organisations. Prejudice towards immigrants and negative stereotypes of Poles were a greater problem for them. The third factor that differentiated the distribution of answers was a family situation. A family migration favours the conservation of family identity, although it may generate more problems relating to adaptation, because it concerns the whole family system. However, parents whose children remained in Poland, felt greater anxiety resulting from upbringing problems that derive from migration. The fourth factor that influenced the distribution of answers in a meaningful way was their level of education; although its effect was smaller than could be presumed. It transpired that, people with secondary education had the lowest sense of security of all the comparable groups; it was lower than in respondents with primary education or vocational training. The differences in education level affected the assessment of support the migrants received from local institutions and organisations. The lower the level of education the research subjects had, the more intense was their problem of access to support systems, which may be related to low cultural competences such as language skills, and knowledge of the law, institutions and procedures for getting help. In the dimension of identity, the experience of migration for our research subjects, often resulted in a feeling of being suspended and having to live between their homeland - which had physically and mentally become remote ֊ and their place of settlement i.e. Scottish society, of
which they had not yet felt a part of. The situation that is Brexit changed their remaining in a situation of intentio nal unpredictability, i.e. the lack of necessity to undertake definitive solutions related to either remain a migrant or return from migration. As a result of Great Britain’s leaving the European Union, the migrants were forced to make specific and binding decisions in the way of identity and legal status. Today, especially among people who had not decided to remain migrants for good, we observe ever increasing cases of people returning to their homeland. An additional factor contributing to increased remigration is the COVID-19 pandemic. 239
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SPIS TRESCI Wstęp I 7 Rozdział I Historyczne konteksty emigracji Polaków do Szkocji I 13 1. Związki między narodami: Szkoci w Polsce i Polacy w Szkocji I 13 2. Emigracja czasów II wojny światowej ► 20 3. Polska emigracja powojenna (do 2004 roku) ► 27 Rozdział II „Nowa” emigracja poakcesyjna Polaków do Wielkiej Brytanii i Szkocji 35 1. Fenomen emigracji zarobkowej do Wielkiej Brytanii 35 2. Migracja zarobkowa Polaków do Szkocji po 2004 roku ► 43 3. Wybrane polskie organizacje społeczno-kulturalne działające w Szkocji 49 4. Uwarunkowania edukacyjne dzieci polskich migrantów w Szkocji I 51 5. Polskie duszpasterstwo katolickie w Szkocji I 60 Rozdział III Teoretyczno-metodologiczne aspekty refleksji nad polską emigracją poakcesyjną w Szkocji ► 69 1. Konceptualizacja teoretyczna badań: emigracja zarobkowa w aspekcie wybranych teorii migracji 69 2. Adaptacja jako przejaw optymalizacji form funkcjonowania człowieka w zmieniających się warunkach I 76 3. Metodologia i organizacja badan ► 83
6 í Spis treści Rozdział IV Społeczno-demograficzne determinanty emigracji zarobkowej I 88 1. Charakterystyka socjodemograficzna badanej grupy I 88 2. Motywy emigracji i ich społeczno-ekonomiczne uwarunkowania I 97 3. Kapitał społeczny i kulturowy emigrantów a miejsce w strukturze społecznej. Problem dekwalifikacji i „szklanego sufitu” · 107 Rozdział V Adaptacja emigrantów zarobkowych i jej społeczno-kulturowe konteksty ► 119 1. Problemy adaptacyjne emigrantów zarobkowych ► 119 2. Poczucie bezpieczeństwa i postrzegane zagrożenia I 132 3. Otrzymana pomoc i oczekiwane wsparcie I 141 4. Społeczno-kulturowe determinanty procesu adaptacji emigrantów zarobkowych 145 Rozdział VI Emigracja zarobkowa jako wyzwanie adaptacyjne dla rodziny I 154 1. Emigracja zarobkowa rodziców (eurosieroty, eurorodzice i eurorodziny) ► 154 2. Rodzina migracyjna - konteksty adaptacyjne i rozwojowe I 159 3. Specyfika i dynamika emigracji rodzinnej: analiza typowego przypadku I 168 4. Pomiędzy domem i szkołą ֊ transnarodowe dzieciństwo i podwojona tożsamość ► 178 Rozdział VII Wyzwania tożsamościowe migracji zarobkowej I 188 1. Tożsamość emigrantów w kontekście doświadczeń wielokulturowości przeżywanego świata ► 188 2. Doświadczanie i przemiany tożsamości towarzyszące emigracji ֊ problem społecznego uznania I 191 3. Ambiwalencja, konflikty i dylematy tożsamościowe I 195 4. Tożsamość a adaptacja 198 Zakończenie I 204 Bibliografia I 209 Aneks » 229 Summary I 235 Noty o autorach 241
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SUMMARY The economic migration of Poles in Scotland. The social and cultural contexts of adaptation In a monograph we carried out afar reaching analysis of adaptational processes going on within the lives of Polish economic migrants living in Scotland. The research took place after the decision which was Brexit. This book sheds light on the migrants’ situation and presents the sociodemographic, psychosocial and cultural determinants of their migration. Many theoretical perspectives were employed in doing the research, although it was mainly grounded in a struc tural-functional approach. The monograph is indeed interdisciplinary, because it incorporates the point of view of history, sociology, education and economy. It takes into account the various micro-social contexts (family, school, parish, local society). Our research was carried out in 2017 and 2018. Its core is based mainly on questionnaires and interviews. In order to comprehend migrational issues, it was necessary to organise many meetings and talks with Poles living in Scotland, as well as visit their homes and a variety of their institutions and organisations. In this way, we immersed ourselves in the essence of the migrants’ lives, got to know the specifics of the migrational life, and received answers to important, existential questions and explored the dilemmas related to living in a foreign land. This book is composed of seven chapters. The first of which, titled Historical contexts of economic migration of Poles in Scotland, is centred on presenting the relationship between Scotland and Poland and is an
outline of the historical relations between these countries and the social and cultural contexts of the economic migrants’ adaptation. We presented therein the historical migrations of Scots to Poland and Poles to Scotland as well as two waves of pre֊EU membership
236 í Summary migrants of Poles to Scotland (1940, 1980). Chapter 2, called The “New”post EU accession migration of Poles to Great Britain and Scotland characterises the newest migration of Poles to this country after 2004, when Poland became a member of The European Union. In this part, we described the position of Poles in the social structure of Scotland, their territorial location, employment and socioeconomic status. Here too, we presented the main Polish institutions and organisations in Scotland. Moreover, we described the role of the Polish Catholic ministry in the adaptation and social integration of Poles and the religious and patriotic upbringing of children and youth of Polish economic migrants. Chapter 3, titled Theoretical-methodological aspects of reflections about post EU accession Polish emigration to Scotland, conceptualises the phenomenon of migration and bases it in a sociocultural context. Here, we present various theoretical perspectives, that have allowed us to describe the intricacies of migratory processes. An essential element of the deliberations conducted herein is maintaining the continuation of created knowledge through reference to the classic research of F. Znaniecki and W. Thomas. An attempt to further specify an essential analytical category used within this work, namely adaptation, is of additional importance. We relate it to theories explaining the phenomenon of migration and three principle dimensions of social determinants that govern migrational processes in present conditions. In the fourth chapter, titled Sociodemographic
determinants of the economic emigration, we present the sociodemographic characteristics of the research subjects of post EU accession Polish emigrants to Scotland, having analysed such variables as; age, sex, education, place of origin, work position and branch of work. We also attempted to describe their motives for migrating. The final matter touched upon in this chapter was the issue of social and cultural capital of these migrants, their intercultural transfer, cumulation and conversion. The problem of de-qualification, which affects a part of Polish migrants and the issue of mechanisms blocking the conversion of amassed capitals (cultural and social) were also analysed. In the fifth chapter, titled The adaptation of economic emigrants and its socio cultural contexts, we depicted the structure and intensity of the main adaptational problems perceived and experienced by economic migrants. In the course of the analysis, certain syndromes of adaptational problems linked to the main adaptational dimensions emerged. This procedure became the starting point for analysing differences in the cycle of adaptational processes. In this chapter, we also discussed the intercorrelations, that arose between the assessments
Summary 4 of problems accompanying migration and the ties between them and selected sociodemographic variables (sex, education, the size and nature of the place of origin and settlement during migration, family situation). We evaluated the assessment of the migrants’ sense of safety and their perception of threats that accompany migration. It was important to identify the aid which the migrants received and their expectations of support (with respect to Scottish authorities and also Polish ones). The next, sixth chapter titled Economic Migration as an adaptational challenge for the family, is designated to researching the role of family in the process of adaptation. Based on the body of interviews and observations, we attempted to capture the specificity of migration, as it is in the case of one parent, and the whole family (parents and children), as well as the characteristics of а family adaptation and the effect of emigration on the development of marriage and the family. The reports of the migrants we studied allowed us to produce an interesting description of the dynamics and specifics of this process and to recognise the main threats and opportunities that accompany it. The last part of the book, chapter seven, titled Identity challenges of the economic migrants, contains reflections about the identity of migrants in the face of life changes related to spatial mobility. In order to be able to function in the new social conditions, a migrant needs to once more answer the questions: who am I? and who do I want to be in the new reality? Analysing the sources of
recognition from the experiences of Polish migrants in Scotland has enabled us to enumerate the potential possibilities for integrating these people and their communities with local cultural contexts and the possible conflicts in the domain of identity. Balancing between various societies and cultures may result in both increasing the elasticity and complexity of human identity, as well as weakening them. Functioning between various social worlds produces a certain lack of identity in the migrant causing a feeling of emptiness, loss of meaning and a sense of being lost. Research concerning issues related to the adaptation of Poles leaving for Scotland in the post EU membership period has enabled us to show the key characteristics that create a depiction of the economic migrant within the context of a world moving towards globalization. We can assert that the Poles’ choice of migrating to Britain after Poland’s EU accession has been the most popular migratory destination among youth. The mean age of respondents we studied was 35, and their mean duration of stay abroad was 9 years. This means that they left their homeland at the age of 25, most of them after having completed 237
238 ► Summary their studies (almost half have higher education degrees). Our research subjects, motivated by a desire to improve their lives, arrived at the British Isles in search of work, but also wanting to find an opportunity to have new experiences and test themselves in unknown conditions. This attitude can be interpreted in terms of a need to confirm their identity. In many cases, these are people who are determined to solve their problems living abroad on their own, who in a decisive majority of cases have no expectations of receiving aid from the governments of Poland and Scotland. They relatively rarely devote their time to getting involved in the sociocultural life of migrant Poles. Through research we have isolated several groups of problems that trouble economic migrants. Just over half of research subjects have signalled having had important or very important problems of a psycho-emotional nature which are tied to missing their loved ones and country. The second group of problems inhabit the sociocultural dimension and stem from a negative perception of immigrants. Although these situations were rarely experienced, one in six people indicated that these problems were very important or important. The third group of psychosocial problems concerns the migrants’ difficulties in adapting to and integrating with the social environment (one in ten research subjects has assessed them as very important or important). The fourth group of problems concerns economic and material living conditions. One person in ten declared having had a bad financial situation and housing
difficulties whilst being a migrant. In the last, fifth group we allocate problems of a family nature: marital and child upbrin ging ones (these were reported by seven out a hundred research subjects). Our statistical analysis has shown that the opinions concerning adaptational problems and their intensity were affected by such sociodemographic factors as: sex, location abroad, education and place of origin in the home country. Sex was a differentiating factor in the distribution of opinions about problems one encounters while being a migrant. Women found matters relating to the care for loved ones in Poland and the upbringing of children more important; these preferences may be attributed to having a traditional perception of their role and responsibility for the tutelary aspects in family life. The problems of women in regard to their functioning in the work market were even more pronounced. The second factor that projects onto problems with adaptation turned out to be the size and type of locality the migrants lived in in Scotland. Research subjects from smaller habitable areas found their migration and its problems more troublesome. They possess a stronger sense of loneliness and isolation, they miss their homeland more, and they more frequently report the lack of
Summary support from institutions and organisations. Prejudice towards immigrants and negative stereotypes of Poles were a greater problem for them. The third factor that differentiated the distribution of answers was a family situation. A family migration favours the conservation of family identity, although it may generate more problems relating to adaptation, because it concerns the whole family system. However, parents whose children remained in Poland, felt greater anxiety resulting from upbringing problems that derive from migration. The fourth factor that influenced the distribution of answers in a meaningful way was their level of education; although its effect was smaller than could be presumed. It transpired that, people with secondary education had the lowest sense of security of all the comparable groups; it was lower than in respondents with primary education or vocational training. The differences in education level affected the assessment of support the migrants received from local institutions and organisations. The lower the level of education the research subjects had, the more intense was their problem of access to support systems, which may be related to low cultural competences such as language skills, and knowledge of the law, institutions and procedures for getting help. In the dimension of identity, the experience of migration for our research subjects, often resulted in a feeling of being suspended and having to live between their homeland - which had physically and mentally become remote ֊ and their place of settlement i.e. Scottish society, of
which they had not yet felt a part of. The situation that is Brexit changed their remaining in a situation of intentio nal unpredictability, i.e. the lack of necessity to undertake definitive solutions related to either remain a migrant or return from migration. As a result of Great Britain’s leaving the European Union, the migrants were forced to make specific and binding decisions in the way of identity and legal status. Today, especially among people who had not decided to remain migrants for good, we observe ever increasing cases of people returning to their homeland. An additional factor contributing to increased remigration is the COVID-19 pandemic. 239 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Biernat, Tomasz 1962- Krakowiak, Piotr 1965- Leszniewski, Tomasz 1975- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)133380432 (DE-588)1244407011 (DE-588)1244408387 |
| author_facet | Biernat, Tomasz 1962- Krakowiak, Piotr 1965- Leszniewski, Tomasz 1975- |
| author_role | aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Biernat, Tomasz 1962- |
| author_variant | t b tb p k pk t l tl |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV047565042 |
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| format | Book |
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| geographic | Schottland (DE-588)4053233-1 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Schottland |
| id | DE-604.BV047565042 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T18:28:21Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:14:47Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788323145233 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032940410 |
| oclc_num | 1284790462 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 242 Seiten Illustrationen 23 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20220823 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Biernat, Tomasz 1962- Verfasser (DE-588)133380432 aut Emigracja zarobkowa Polaków do Szkocji społeczne i kulturowe konteksty adaptacji = The economic migration of Poles in Scotland : the social and cultural contexts of adaptation Tomasz Biernat, Piotr Krakowiak, Tomasz Leszniewski The economic migration of Poles in Scotland Toruń Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika 2021 242 Seiten Illustrationen 23 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Englische Zusammenfassung Einwanderer (DE-588)4151434-8 gnd rswk-swf Soziale Probleme (DE-588)4139770-8 gnd rswk-swf Polen Volk (DE-588)4046497-0 gnd rswk-swf Anpassung (DE-588)4128128-7 gnd rswk-swf Schottland (DE-588)4053233-1 gnd rswk-swf Adaptacja kulturowa Adaptacja społeczna Emigracja zarobkowa Emigranci Polacy za granicą Rodzina Tożsamość społeczna Szkocja (Wielka Brytania) Migracja zarobkowa / aspekt społeczny / Wielka Brytania / Szkocja / 1990- Migracja zarobkowa / aspekt antropologiczny / Wielka Brytania / Szkocja / 1990- Polacy / Wielka Brytania / Szkocja / 1990- Polska / emigracja i imigracja / 1990- 2001- Raport z badań Schottland (DE-588)4053233-1 g Polen Volk (DE-588)4046497-0 s Einwanderer (DE-588)4151434-8 s Anpassung (DE-588)4128128-7 s Soziale Probleme (DE-588)4139770-8 s DE-604 Krakowiak, Piotr 1965- Verfasser (DE-588)1244407011 aut Leszniewski, Tomasz 1975- Verfasser (DE-588)1244408387 aut Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-83-231-4606-3 Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032940410&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032940410&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032940410&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Biernat, Tomasz 1962- Krakowiak, Piotr 1965- Leszniewski, Tomasz 1975- Emigracja zarobkowa Polaków do Szkocji społeczne i kulturowe konteksty adaptacji = The economic migration of Poles in Scotland : the social and cultural contexts of adaptation Einwanderer (DE-588)4151434-8 gnd Soziale Probleme (DE-588)4139770-8 gnd Polen Volk (DE-588)4046497-0 gnd Anpassung (DE-588)4128128-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4151434-8 (DE-588)4139770-8 (DE-588)4046497-0 (DE-588)4128128-7 (DE-588)4053233-1 |
| title | Emigracja zarobkowa Polaków do Szkocji społeczne i kulturowe konteksty adaptacji = The economic migration of Poles in Scotland : the social and cultural contexts of adaptation |
| title_alt | The economic migration of Poles in Scotland |
| title_auth | Emigracja zarobkowa Polaków do Szkocji społeczne i kulturowe konteksty adaptacji = The economic migration of Poles in Scotland : the social and cultural contexts of adaptation |
| title_exact_search | Emigracja zarobkowa Polaków do Szkocji społeczne i kulturowe konteksty adaptacji = The economic migration of Poles in Scotland : the social and cultural contexts of adaptation |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Emigracja zarobkowa Polaków do Szkocji społeczne i kulturowe konteksty adaptacji = The economic migration of Poles in Scotland : the social and cultural contexts of adaptation |
| title_full | Emigracja zarobkowa Polaków do Szkocji społeczne i kulturowe konteksty adaptacji = The economic migration of Poles in Scotland : the social and cultural contexts of adaptation Tomasz Biernat, Piotr Krakowiak, Tomasz Leszniewski |
| title_fullStr | Emigracja zarobkowa Polaków do Szkocji społeczne i kulturowe konteksty adaptacji = The economic migration of Poles in Scotland : the social and cultural contexts of adaptation Tomasz Biernat, Piotr Krakowiak, Tomasz Leszniewski |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emigracja zarobkowa Polaków do Szkocji społeczne i kulturowe konteksty adaptacji = The economic migration of Poles in Scotland : the social and cultural contexts of adaptation Tomasz Biernat, Piotr Krakowiak, Tomasz Leszniewski |
| title_short | Emigracja zarobkowa Polaków do Szkocji |
| title_sort | emigracja zarobkowa polakow do szkocji spoleczne i kulturowe konteksty adaptacji the economic migration of poles in scotland the social and cultural contexts of adaptation |
| title_sub | społeczne i kulturowe konteksty adaptacji = The economic migration of Poles in Scotland : the social and cultural contexts of adaptation |
| topic | Einwanderer (DE-588)4151434-8 gnd Soziale Probleme (DE-588)4139770-8 gnd Polen Volk (DE-588)4046497-0 gnd Anpassung (DE-588)4128128-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Einwanderer Soziale Probleme Polen Volk Anpassung Schottland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032940410&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032940410&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032940410&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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