Discharge in long air gaps: modelling and applications
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
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| Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Bristol, UK
IOP Publishing
[2016]
|
| Schriftenreihe: | IOP expanding physics
|
| Online-Zugang: | UBM01 URL des Erstveröffentlichers Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 1 Online-Ressource Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9780750312370 9780750312363 9780750312387 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Beroual, Abderrahmane |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Discharge in long air gaps |b modelling and applications |c A Beroual and I Fofana (Ecole Centrale de Lyon, AMPERE Lab, Ecully, France and University of Québec at Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada) |
| 264 | 1 | |a Bristol, UK |b IOP Publishing |c [2016] | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804176419763257344 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Discharge in long air gaps
Autor: Beroual, Abderrahmane
Jahr: 2016
Contents
Preface x
Acknowledgments xiii
Author biography xiv
1 Introduction 1-1
1.1 Research into and interest in the long air gap discharge 1 -1
1.2 Scope and objectives 1-4
1.3 Intended audience 1-5
References 1 -6
2 The background of air gap discharge theory 2-1
2.1 Introduction 2-1
2.2 Ionization phenomena 2-2
2.2.1 Ionization by collision 2-2
2.2.2 Photo-ionization 2-3
2.2.3 Thermal ionization 2-3
2.2.4 Ionization by interaction of a meta-stable particle with an 2-4
atom/molecule
2.3 Cross section and mean free path—elastic collisions 2-4
2.4 Mobility, diffusion, and recombination 2-5
2.4.1 Mobility of electrons and ions 2-6
2.4.2 Diffusion 2-7
2.4.3 Recombination 2-8
2.4.4 Effect of humidity 2-8
2.5 Discharge in small air gaps: Townsend s discharge theory 2-9
2.5.1 Non-self-sustaining discharge without electronic multiplication 2-9
2.5.2 Non-self-sustaining discharge with electronic multiplication 2-10
2.6 Self-sustaining discharge 2-13
2.7 Limits of Townsend s theory 2-17
2.8 Streamer-leader theory 2-17
References 2-22
3 The positive discharge in long air gaps 3-1
3.1 Introduction 3-1
3.2 Air gap breakdown process under an impulse voltage 3-2
v
Discharge in Long Air Gaps
3.2.1 First corona inception 3-2
3.2.2 The dark period 3-5
3.2.3 The leader 3-6
3.2.4 The final jump and arc phase 3-14
References 3-15
4 The negative discharge in long air gaps 4-1
4.1 Introduction 4-1
4.2 First negative corona and stem 4-3
4.3 The cathodic stem and upward discharges 4-3
4.4 The negative leader 4-4
4.5 The space stem or pilot system 4-5
4.5.1 Air gap D 2 m 4-6
4.5.2 Air gap fl 2m 4-6
4.6 Final jump phase 4-8
4.6.1 Type A final jump 4-9
4.6.2 Type B final jump 4-10
4.6.3 Type C final jump 4-11
References 4-11
5 Lightning discharge 5-1
5.1 Introduction 5-1
5.2 The global electric circuit 5-2
5.3 The most common types of lightning discharge 5-3
5.3.1 Other types of lightning 5-6
5.4 A description of a cloud-ground lightning discharge processes 5-8
5.4.1 Storm cloud formation 5-8
5.4.2 Charge separation within the cloud 5-10
5.4.3 The lightning discharge sequence 5-11
5.4.4 Preliminary discharge and leader propagation 5-13
5.4.5 The return stroke 5-13
5.4.6 The dart leader 5-14
5.4.7 The subsequent return stroke 5-14
5.5 Lightning electrical parameters 5-14
5.6 Comparison of laboratory sparks and cloud-ground 5-16
lightning discharges
References 5-18
vi
Discharge in Long Air Gaps
6 A review of existing mathematical models developed for 6-1
long air gap discharges
6.1 Introduction 6-1
6.2 Positive discharge models 6-2
6.2.1 Corona related models 6-2
6.2.2 Streamer propagation models 6-4
6.2.3 Leader models 6-6
6.2.4 Self-consistent models 6-11
6.3 Negative discharge models 6-19
6.3.1 Transition corona-streamer-leader 6-19
6.3.2 The spatial and negative electrode leaders 6-19
6.3.3 Models of leaders 6-20
6.4 Fractal models of long discharges 6-22
References 6-23
7 Modelling the positive discharge in long air gaps 7-1
7.1 Introduction 7-1
7.2 A general description of the dynamic procedure 7-2
7.3 The applied voltage wave shape 7-2
7.3.1 The generation of a bi-exponential impulse 7-2
7.3.2 Superimposed oscillations 7-6
7.4 The characterization of the discharge propagation 7-7
7.4.1 The inception of the first corona 7-7
7.4.2 The criterion for advancement of the leader tip 7-8
7.4.3 The propagation of a leader corona 7-9
7.4.4 Dispersion 7-12
7.4.5 The final jump 7-13
7.4.6 The return stroke current 7-13
7.5 Distributed-circuit-based modelling 7-13
7.6 The distributed-circuit elements 7-15
7.6.1 The resistance 7-15
7.6.2 The inductance 7-17
7.6.3 The capacitance 7-18
7.7 General flowchart of the model 7-19
7.8 Extension to a very long air gap: positive lightning 7-21
References 7-22
vu
Discharge in Long Air Gaps
8 Modelling the negative discharge in long air gaps 8-1
8.1 Introduction 8-1
8.2 The development of a negative discharge 8-1
8.3 Theoretical background 8-2
8.3.1 Corona initiation and development 8-2
8.3.2 Development of the pilot system 8-3
8.3.3 Criteria for electrode leader growth 8-4
8.3.4 Development of electrode and space leaders 8-5
8.3.5 Voltage distribution 8-5
8.3.6 Attachment process 8-6
8.3.7 Discharge trajectory and dispersion 8-7
8.3.8 The final jump 8-7
8.4 Distributed-circuit-based modelling 8-8
8.4.1 The resistance 8-8
8.5 General description of computation steps 8-10
8.6 Extension to a very long air gap: negative lightning 8-10
References 8-12
9 Applications of the model developed for positive 9-1
discharge in long air gaps
9.1 Introduction 9-1
9.2 Prediction of the characteristics of long air gap discharges: 9-1
simulations of some laboratory experiments
9.3 Prediction of the switching impulse withstand voltages of long 9-7
air gaps
9.3.1 Prediction of positive switching impulse 9-11
withstand voltages
9.3.2 Prediction of the 50% positive breakdown voltage I/50 9-11
9.4 Flashover voltage of long air gaps in the presence of a floating 9-17
insulating barrier
9.4.1 Modelling the barrier effect 9-17
9.4.2 The gap capacitance 9-18
9.4.3 Experiment 9-19
9.4.4 Results and discussion 9-19
References 9-21
viii
Discharge in Long Air Gaps
10 Applications of the model developed for negative discharge 10-1
in long air gaps
10.1 Introduction 10-1
10.2 Simulation of laboratory experiments 10-1
10.3 Prediction of the 50% negative breakdown voltage 10-6
References 10-7
11 Application of the model to positive lightning discharge 11-1
11.1 Introduction 11-1
11.2 Prediction of positive lightning discharge parameters 11-2
11.3 Influence of soil conductivity and cloud-ground distance on 11-4
the positive lightning impulse current
11.3.1 The influence of soil conductivity 11-6
11.3.2 Influence of cloud-ground distance 11-6
11.4 Electric field changes of the leader and return stroke 11 -6
11.5 Magnetic field associated with the leader 11-10
References 11-18
12 Application of the model to the process of lightning-ground 12-1
connection and quantification of the striking distance
12.1 Introduction 12-1
12.2 Modelling the lightning connection process to a 12-2
ground structure
12.2.1 Background on lightning connection process 12-2
12.2.2 General description of the modelling 12-2
12.2.3 Results and discussion 12-6
12.3 A quantitative study of lightning striking distance factors 12-9
12.3.1 Overview of striking distance calculations 12-10
12.3.2 General description of the modelling 12-11
12.3.3 Results and discussion 12-13
References 12-15
13 Application of the model to evaluate the induced effects 13-1
on overhead lines due to a nearby positive lightning
downward leader
13.1 Introduction 13-1
13.2 Induced effects on an overhead line due to nearby positive lightning 13-2
downward leader
IX
Discharge in Long Air Gaps
13.2.1 The vertical electric field associated with the leader 13-2
13.2.2 The horizontal field associated with the leader 13-3
13.2.3 Field-transmission line coupling equations in the 13-5
time domain
13.2.4 Voltage and currents induced on an overhead line due to 13-7
a nearby positive lightning downward leader
13.2.5 Analysis of a positive lightning downward leader field 13-10
coupling to a nearby overhead line located on a
non-uniform ground surface
13.2.6 The voltage and currents induced on an overhead line 13-14
due to a nearby positive lightning downward leader in the
presence of a distribution transformer and surge arrester
References 13-16
14 Negative lightning model—applications 14-1
14.1 Introduction 14-1
14.2 The prediction of negative lightning discharge parameters 14-1
14.3 Electric and magnetic fields associated with the leader 14-10
References 14-12
x
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| spelling | Beroual, Abderrahmane Verfasser aut Discharge in long air gaps modelling and applications A Beroual and I Fofana (Ecole Centrale de Lyon, AMPERE Lab, Ecully, France and University of Québec at Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada) Bristol, UK IOP Publishing [2016] © 2016 1 Online-Ressource Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent c rdamedia cr rdacarrier IOP expanding physics Fofana, Issouf Verfasser aut http://iopscience.iop.org/book/978-0-7503-1236-3 Verlag URL des Erstveröffentlichers Volltext HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029077061&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Beroual, Abderrahmane Fofana, Issouf Discharge in long air gaps modelling and applications |
| title | Discharge in long air gaps modelling and applications |
| title_auth | Discharge in long air gaps modelling and applications |
| title_exact_search | Discharge in long air gaps modelling and applications |
| title_full | Discharge in long air gaps modelling and applications A Beroual and I Fofana (Ecole Centrale de Lyon, AMPERE Lab, Ecully, France and University of Québec at Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada) |
| title_fullStr | Discharge in long air gaps modelling and applications A Beroual and I Fofana (Ecole Centrale de Lyon, AMPERE Lab, Ecully, France and University of Québec at Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Discharge in long air gaps modelling and applications A Beroual and I Fofana (Ecole Centrale de Lyon, AMPERE Lab, Ecully, France and University of Québec at Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada) |
| title_short | Discharge in long air gaps |
| title_sort | discharge in long air gaps modelling and applications |
| title_sub | modelling and applications |
| url | http://iopscience.iop.org/book/978-0-7503-1236-3 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029077061&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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