Graditeljska baština Pirota u 19. i prvoj polovini 20. veka:
Градитељска баштина Пирота у 19. и првој половини 20. века
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| Format: | Buch |
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Beograd
Etnografski muzej
2017
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract Literaturverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverzeichnis Seite 69-72 |
| Beschreibung: | 72 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9788678911040 |
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| 100 | 1 | |6 880-01 |a Menković, Mirjana |d 1957- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1077589360 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |6 880-03 |a Graditeljska baština Pirota u 19. i prvoj polovini 20. veka |c Mirjana Menković ; fotografije Mirjana Menković, Ranko Barišić |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a The architectural heritage of Pirot |
| 264 | 1 | |6 880-04 |a Beograd |b Etnografski muzej |c 2017 | |
| 300 | |a 72 Seiten |b Illustrationen | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Literaturverzeichnis Seite 69-72 | ||
| 546 | |a Text serbisch. - Englische Zusammenfassung: The architectural heritage of Pirot | ||
| 546 | |b Kyrillisch | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1800-1950 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Baudenkmal |0 (DE-588)4004973-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Kulturerbe |0 (DE-588)4033560-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 7 | |a Pirot |0 (DE-588)4403906-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
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| 689 | 0 | 3 | |a Geschichte 1800-1950 |A z |
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| 700 | 1 | |6 880-02 |a Barišić, Ranko |4 pht | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030864051&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030864051&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030864051&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Literaturverzeichnis |
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| 880 | 1 | |6 700-02/(N |a Баришић, Ранко |4 pht | |
| 880 | 1 | 0 | |6 245-03/(N |a Градитељска баштина Пирота у 19. и првој половини 20. века |c Мирјана Менковић ; фотографије Мирјана Менковић, Ранко Баришић |
| 880 | 1 | |6 264-04/(N |a Београд |b Етнографски музеј |c 2017 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | rPAAMTEA CKA EAIIITMHAIIHPOTA
y 19. w npBoj itoaobmhm 20. BeKa
CaApataj
ABSTRACT 4
CA KETAK 5
L McTopujcKH Aoraî)ajm m npiiAiiKe y FÏMpoTy oa noneTKa 19. BeKa ?
IL CTapa BaponiKa apxMTeKTypa 13
III. ApxMTeKTypa y nepMOAy M3Mel)y A»a CBeTCKa paTa 35
IV. CaKpaAHa apxMTeKTypa 49
V. YpôaHMCTMHKO nAaHJipaH e m 3auiTMTa cnoMemiKa KyAType y 20. BeKy 39
VL yiviecTo 3aKA yHKa - ApxMTeKTypa rpaAa Ha LfapcKOM dpymy 65
SUMMARY 66
EMEAMOrPAOMJA 69
APXMBCKA M APyrA rPA ÇA 71
OOTOAOKYMEHTAI4MJA 71
MHcPOPMATOPM 72
OCTAAI4 H3BOP14
72
Summary
The Architectural Heritage of Pirot
in the 19th and the First Half of the 20th Century
The study offers a chronological overview of the development of urban residential architecture in Pirot
through the analysis of urban planning projects, individual buildings at various locations in the town and
the social circumstances that influenced urban planning, the use of buildings and ensembles and their
preservation over time. The study covers a historical period marked by dramatic events, from the liberation
wars in the closing decades of the 19th century, known for riots and oppression, to the decades following
World War II, which irreversibly changed the demographic, social and, consequently, urban structure of
the town.
Owing to the fact that the fortress of Pirot was located on an important thoroughfare, in the 19th century,
the town was the seat of a military garrison of the corresponding size and administrative authorities of the
corresponding rank. At that time, the Ottoman administration was not involved in urban planning, but
the organization of settlements was left to the local population. It was in this way that the oldest part of
modern Pirot, Pazar, took shape. Pazar is the northern part of the town and it extends along the Nisava
River, from the Fortress towards the valley. Homes were either built in adobe, or they had a timber-framed
or wattle structure. They were covered with terracotta roofing tiles. The windows faced the courtyard.
The homes were doubly sheltered; by a wall protecting them from the street and by the negligible traffic
within the neighbourhood, to and from the houses with a courtyard, regardless of whether they belonged
to Christians or Muslims, Nevertheless, they were not equally luxurious. According to a regulation, non-
Muslim homes must not have been higher than Muslim houses. Therefore, Christian homes were, as a rule,
single-storey buildings. The first public buildings were two churches. One was dedicated to the Nativity
of Christ and was also known as Pazarska or Old church. It was built in 1834 on the site of a 14ih-century
church. The other was the Cathedral at Tijabara, popularly known as the old church It was built between
1869 and 1874, Along with being places of worship, these buildings and the adjacent structures were also
places where the leaders of the church community gathered and they also served as the first schools in Pirot.
The liberation from Ottoman rule was a turning point. Unexpectedly, some forms of public, economic and
social life disappeared, while daring entrepreneurs saw their chance in the process of modernization. The
construction of the first modern representative building in Pirot - Rabens Mansion (Rabenovo Zdanje), in
1883, was part of that process. The public buildings erected at that time include the Iron Bridge (Gvozdena
Cuprija) across the Nisava, the barracks for the Pirot Garrison and the County Headquarters. After the
Serbo-Bulgarian War, streets were formed, the existing traffic routes were regulated, and construction
activities were fostered at Pazar, the site where the terrain allowed for efficient drainage. The construction
of an elementary school was completed in 1887, the same year when the railway connecting Nis, Pirot and
the border towards Bulgaria and the building of the railway station in Pirot were completed. An urban
development plan was drafted in 1888 and the positioning of streets brought about a change in the style
of family homes. They were built along the edge of the road, due to which local access roads were turned
into streets, thereby enabling the establishment of craft and trade workshops with the company sign and
access from the street. At the beginning of the 20th century, the streets were paved, waterworks were done,
two wooden bridges were constructed, the building of the grammar school was erected, the course of the
Bokludzki Potok stream was shifted towards the Rogoz River, and in 1912, the construction of the building
of the Municipal Court was completed. Two parks were also built: Mala Pijaca (Small Marketplace) and
Sarlah. The First Balkan War did not interrupt the construction of the building intended to house the
pharmacy of Karl Skacel in 1913, but after that, Pirot became the main base for the supply of troops in the
nearby battlefields, due to which the newly refurbished streets were heavily damaged by the continuous
movement of heavy military transports. Some of them were repaired after the end of World War I, in 1918
through the communal works carried out by Senegalese soldiers of the colonial cavalry brigade under
the command of General Gambetta. These works were followed by drying out marshes and refurbishing
the Greek military cemetery at Metiljavica. The construction of public buildings was continued and the
Sokolana (sports hall), the Sveti Sava Primary School, the building of the Teachers Training College, a
monument dedicated to the liberators of Pirot in the Serbian-Turkish War and the House of Public Health
were built at that time. A great part of the documentation from the 1920s and 1930s was destroyed, which
makes the study of this period very difficult. Due to the extensive training and dredging of the Nisava in
1926, a commercial centre was established at Tijabara, while forestation works and the construction of
quays turned the river banks of the Nisava into attractive and well-visited places. The economic progress
made it possible to enrich the town with, among other things, family homes built according to modern
projects. Due to this, the streets at Pazar and Tijabara got a completely different shape. Visually, buildings
retained the form of a combined business and residential structure with a commercial space in the ground
floor and apartments in the upper storey, but they were built in brick, e.g. the house of the Garotic family,
built in 1928. In the city centre, family homes similar to those built in Belgrade or Western Europe were
constructed - e.g. the house of the Cekic brothers and others. A whole series of buildings from that period
are marked by a creative blending of traditional architectural forms and modern European aesthetics.
Their owners, as well as architects who designed them, were driven by the urge to preserve the traditional
way of life but also to garb it in a European attire. In doing this they relied on limited resources.
The intensive industrialization that followed World War II brought about significant changes in the
number and structure of the population, which nearly doubled in the following two decades. The buildings
that dominated the panorama of Pirot at that time were built between the early 1960s and the late 1980s:
Hotel Pirot, Cultural Centre and the Home of the Yugoslav People s Army. These were the key buildings
in the cultural and business centre of the town built between 1978 and 1982. The construction of family
houses was regulated by numerous legal and administrative requirements. The construction of socially
owned apartments was undertaken according to relevant urban plans and it was accompanied with
professional debates on the conservation of the urban and environmental ensembles of Sarlah, the valley
of the Gradasnicka River as a resort, the centre of Pazar and Tijabara, the area around the Old Church and
the elementary school at Tijabara. The problem was the practice of building private residential buildings on
undeveloped sites that were not covered by the existing urban plan. The conservation of cultural heritage
in a centralized state inevitably involved bureaucratic decision-making mechanisms. It was only in 1974
that the legal requirements for heritage safeguarding at the local level were fulfilled. Owing to the expertise
and enthusiasm of people who worked at heritage conservation institutions in Pirot, early in 1974, more
than 50 buildings from the 19th century with more or less preserved authentic elements of traditional urban
architecture were registered.
Throughout the period covered by the study, the efforts of individuals, associations and local communities
aimed at construction and development were blemished by the limited resources available for the
construction and particularly for the conservation of existing architectural and urban solutions - individual
public buildings and ensembles, which is also reflected in their rather small number. Nevertheless, the
inhabitants of Pirot managed to build in their city some representative buildings of considerable functional
and architectural values. Modernization was pushed forward in the domain of public buildings and models
were carefully adjusted to the needs of the local community with full awareness that the buildings should
also last in the future. The design of family homes primarily supported the way of life that took place in the
home, resulting in the incorporation of traditional forms into the framework of contemporary aesthetics.
The constant influx of people from the surrounding villages had an impact on the authentic design of urban
homes in the period spanning the last decades of the 19th century and the second half of the 20th century.
The elements that cannot be interpreted as the fusion between the traditional interior layout of rooms and
modern forms of the exterior and façade decorations may have been the result of personal choices.
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1890/1099, 1101; 1891/1104, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1114,1115, 1116, 1117;
1892/1173, 1188, 1189; 1893/1200; KlbWTA III, 1894-1918 - 1894/1236, 1238, 1239, 1240; 1895/1245,
1256, 1258,1259,1260, 1265, 1266, 1267,1268,1269,1273, 1275; 1896/1281, 1292, 1296,1310; 1897/1322,
1328, 1338;1898/1370; 1899/1414; 1900/1426, 1444, 1445, 1446; 1901/1468, 1475, 1494; 1902/1503, 1504,
1505; 1904/1617,1620; 1911/1910; 1913/1973,1981).
2. PYKOFIMCHA FPATjA XPMCTMOOPA L(PHMAOBM KA ETHOrPAOCKOF MY3EJA Y BEOFPAAY
CBECKE:
Cb.66 (1-126)
AECKOBA11 - HHUI - BAACOTMHI4E
FIpoiJîaHa m caKpaAHa apxMxeKTypa
AAEKCMHAI4 - rpHHapCTBO
Cb. 67 (1-87/67)
F1I4POT - npo j aHa m caKpaAHa apxMTeKTypa; 3aHaTM: riAaTHapH, rpHnapn,
hepaMywje, MyMijMje
Cb. 131 (1-19/131)
FIMPOT
3. UPTEXM 14 CKMI4E 3ABOAA 3A 3A1XITI4TY CnOMEHMKA KYATYPE Y HÍ4IIIY
4. TEPEHCKE 3ABEAE1UKE (19-23.02 2001, flnpox; 15-16.05 2001, 3aBOA 3a aaurraTy cnoMeHMKa KyAType
y Hwuiy; 09-14.11 2003, ÜMpOT; 05.07 2004,3aBOA 3a 3auiTMTy cnoMeHMKa KyAType y Hwmy; 08-12.12 2005,
3aBOA 3a 3aiuTMTy cnoMeHMKa KyAType y Hwiuy m FEmpot)
5. BEAE11IKE HanpaBA eHe tokom cHMMaH a oÔjeKaxa y IlMpoxy ca MwoAparoM TiMpMheM, BAacHMKOM
CaMocTaAHe 4 OTorpa^CKe paA^e „Ogto Ayra“ y rin por y
CDOTOAOKYMEHTAMMJA
1. MY3EJ nOHMlllABAA nMPOT - FIMPOT HA CTAPMM PA3FAEAHMI1AMA M KAPTAMA (1-35)
2. ETHOrPAOCKM MY3EJ Y BEOFPAAY
♦ ApxHTeKTypa rpaAa ünpoTa, })e6pyap 2001. (MMeHKOBwh, chmmmo Pehko BapMmwh, MysejcKM
caßeTHMK)
♦ ApxHTeKTypa rpaAa FÍMpOTa, HOBeMÔap 2003. (M. MeHKOBwh, chmmmo MnoApar TupMh, baschmk
CaMocTaAHe (¡)OTorpa(J cKe paAH e „Ooxo Ayra y FEwpoxy)
3. MCTOPMJCKM APXMB Y FIMPÖTY
♦ ApxMTeKxypa rpaAa Fbipoxa, 2001, AAÔyM I h II (chmmmo Mmacts MawMh, apxMBMCTa)
MHOOPMATOPM
1. Mp npeApar riejMh, apxeoAor, A^peKTOp My3eja noHnmaBA a (2001-2006);
2. AparoA y6 3AaTKOBMh, capaAHMK My3eja noHMinaBA a;
3. PaAMMAa BAaTKOBwh, Mcropnuap yMeTHocTM, My3ejcKM caBeTHMK My3eja noHMinaBA a;
4. MMAopaA nonoBwh, eTHOAor, My3ej rioHMmaBA a;
5. MwAeTa MaHMh, apxMBMCTa, A^peKTop McTopnjcKor apxwsa y IlnpoTy (2005);
6. Bo Ka JoBaHOBMh, apxMBMCTa, AwpeKTop McTopMjcxor apxma y IlMpoiy (2001 -2005);
7. iMMAMUa neTKQBMhJeTHOAOr, IlMpOT;
8. MwoApar Tvwpwh, J)OTorpa ]), BAacHMK CaMoexaAHe j OTorpa([)CKe paAH e „OOTO AWA! , IlMpOT;
9. CBeTHCAaB yyHnh, flMpoT;
10. BwAiaHa PaTOMMp, CeKTop 3a 3auiTMTy Crape Tuanm-ie OnuiTMHe rinpoT;
11. Mmtko JlaHKh, AwpeKTop jn CpOnjaiuyMe „UlyMCKo ra3AMHCTBO nwpoT“ y rinpoTy;
12. CnoMeHKa HnKOAOBCKa, FlMpoT;
13. MwAeHa MwjaAKOBMh-HMKOAnh, nwpoT;
14. Tan a KapaHOBwh, IlMpOT;
15. EpaHHCAaB JOBaHOBMh, FTnpOT;
16. Ap CAaBMina JoBaHoewh, BeorpaA;
17. CTpaxwH.a 3apwh, BeorpaA;
18. Apx. AAeKcaHAap PaAOBnh, A^peKTop 3aBOAa 3a aauiTMTy cnoMeHHKa KyAType y Hnuiy (2001-2005);
19. Apx. AAexcaHAap BAaTHWK, 3aBOA 3a 3auiTHTy cnoMeHMKa KyAType y Hnmy;
20. Apx. MnAe BeA KOBMh, A^peKTOp 3aBOAa 3a 3auiTiiTy cnoMeHHKa KyAType y Hwiny (2005).
Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire by Gabor Agoston and Bruce Masters
http://www.zzjzpirot.org.rs/osnovno/Istorija.htm
AejaH TiMpMh: 3ApaBCTBeHe npMAMKe n XMrwjeHCKe HaBMKe y IlwpoTy y 19. m noueTKOM 20. Bexa, http://www.rastko.
rs/rastko/delo/13238
PaAMMAa BAaTKOBMh sa TypncTM^Ky opraHM3aitnjy FlnpoTa, http://topirot.com/starLzanati/%C4%87ilim
; CIP - KaraAormaunja y ny6AHKau,H}H
HapoAHa 6M6AMoxeKa Cp6wje, BeorpaA
I 72(497.11) 18/19”
711.4(497.11)”18/19”
930.85(497.11 nMpoTri8/19
t
MEHKOBMH, MiipjaHa, 1957-
TpaAMTe^cKa damrMHa ITwpOTa y 19. w rcpBoj noAOBMHM 20. BeKa : MysejcKe KOAeicijMje Kao M3BOp 3a MCTpa KMBaif e KyAType
OAeBaH a / MwpjaHa MeHKOBnh. - BeorpaA: ExHorpa(j cKH My3ej, 2017 (BeorpaA: Ca. TAacHMK). - 72 cTp.: MAycTp.; 28 cm
$
Tnpa K 300. - HanoMeHe u 6n6AMorpa4 CKe pe^epemje y3 Texcr. - Summary. - BM6AMorpa |)nja: crp. 69-72.
; ISBN 978-86-7891-104-0
a) ApxwTeKTypa - ilnpox - 19b-20b
COBISS.SR-1D 244119564
OCTAAM M3BOPM
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Menković, Mirjana 1957- |
| author2 | Barišić, Ranko |
| author2_role | pht |
| author2_variant | r b rb |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1077589360 |
| author_facet | Menković, Mirjana 1957- Barišić, Ranko |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Menković, Mirjana 1957- |
| author_variant | m m mm |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV045478932 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1088352820 (DE-599)BVBBV045478932 |
| era | Geschichte 1800-1950 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1800-1950 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Pirot (DE-588)4403906-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Pirot |
| id | DE-604.BV045478932 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T08:19:11Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788678911040 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-030864051 |
| oclc_num | 1088352820 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 72 Seiten Illustrationen |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publishDateSearch | 2017 |
| publishDateSort | 2017 |
| publisher | Etnografski muzej |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | 880-01 Menković, Mirjana 1957- Verfasser (DE-588)1077589360 aut 880-03 Graditeljska baština Pirota u 19. i prvoj polovini 20. veka Mirjana Menković ; fotografije Mirjana Menković, Ranko Barišić The architectural heritage of Pirot 880-04 Beograd Etnografski muzej 2017 72 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverzeichnis Seite 69-72 Text serbisch. - Englische Zusammenfassung: The architectural heritage of Pirot Kyrillisch Geschichte 1800-1950 gnd rswk-swf Baudenkmal (DE-588)4004973-5 gnd rswk-swf Kulturerbe (DE-588)4033560-4 gnd rswk-swf Pirot (DE-588)4403906-2 gnd rswk-swf Pirot (DE-588)4403906-2 g Kulturerbe (DE-588)4033560-4 s Baudenkmal (DE-588)4004973-5 s Geschichte 1800-1950 z DE-604 880-02 Barišić, Ranko pht Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030864051&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030864051&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030864051&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis 100-01/(N Менковић, Мирјана ut 700-02/(N Баришић, Ранко pht 245-03/(N Градитељска баштина Пирота у 19. и првој половини 20. века Мирјана Менковић ; фотографије Мирјана Менковић, Ранко Баришић 264-04/(N Београд Етнографски музеј 2017 |
| spellingShingle | Menković, Mirjana 1957- Graditeljska baština Pirota u 19. i prvoj polovini 20. veka Baudenkmal (DE-588)4004973-5 gnd Kulturerbe (DE-588)4033560-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4004973-5 (DE-588)4033560-4 (DE-588)4403906-2 |
| title | Graditeljska baština Pirota u 19. i prvoj polovini 20. veka |
| title_alt | The architectural heritage of Pirot |
| title_auth | Graditeljska baština Pirota u 19. i prvoj polovini 20. veka |
| title_exact_search | Graditeljska baština Pirota u 19. i prvoj polovini 20. veka |
| title_full | Graditeljska baština Pirota u 19. i prvoj polovini 20. veka Mirjana Menković ; fotografije Mirjana Menković, Ranko Barišić |
| title_fullStr | Graditeljska baština Pirota u 19. i prvoj polovini 20. veka Mirjana Menković ; fotografije Mirjana Menković, Ranko Barišić |
| title_full_unstemmed | Graditeljska baština Pirota u 19. i prvoj polovini 20. veka Mirjana Menković ; fotografije Mirjana Menković, Ranko Barišić |
| title_short | Graditeljska baština Pirota u 19. i prvoj polovini 20. veka |
| title_sort | graditeljska bastina pirota u 19 i prvoj polovini 20 veka |
| topic | Baudenkmal (DE-588)4004973-5 gnd Kulturerbe (DE-588)4033560-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Baudenkmal Kulturerbe Pirot |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030864051&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030864051&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=030864051&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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