Lietuvos Nepriklausomybės Akto signatarai teisininkai:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Lithuanian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Vilnius
Lietuvos Teisės Akademija
1998
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Abstract Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T: Signatories - lawyers of the independence of Lithuania |
| Beschreibung: | 91 S. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9986518520 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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SIGNATORIES - LAWYERS OF THE
INDEPENDENCE ACT OF LITHUANIA
Summary
The First World War changed the force relations in Europe.
Due to the course of the War, possibilities of negotiating
with Germany about restoration of self-dependence of
Lithuania, which was occupied by the German Army,
appeared. In the course of independence the political life
became more active - various organizations which unified
the Lithuanian intelligentsia were organized.
At the end of 1914 the Lithuanian Provisional Committee in
support of those who suffered from the war was
established. With the increase of number of those who
needed such support instead of the Committee, the
Lithuanian Organization in support of those who suffered
from the war, was established. The Organization split when
the Germans intruded into Lithuania. The Organization
members, who remained in Vilnius made great preparatory
work for the restoration of independence of Lithuania.
They were led by lawyer A. Smetona.
In the fights for independence the Lithuanian intelligentsia
needed support from foreign countries. The Lithuanians
got the first opportunity to speak in public in May, 1916,
when the nations occupied by Russia addressed president
of the USA T. W. Willson.
The representatives of the Lithuanian intelligentsia wrote a
separate declaration, in which the situation of Lithuanians
in the Russian Empire was shown, the nation’s aspiration
for political independence was stressed. Germany, being
afraid Russia will offer autonomy to Lithuania, concealed
87
its annexational aims and tried to find ways to make
contacts with the Lithuanian intelligentsia. The Germans
wanted to form the Attorney Council of Lithuania which
would express the interests of Germany. The Lithuanian
intelligentsia demanded to call the Conference of
representatives of the Lithuanian nation, to have possibility
to elect representatives in localities, to publish a
Lithuanian newspaper. After long discussions the German
authorities permitted of forming an organizational
committee for calling the Conference.
On 6 September, 1917 the occupational authorities gave a
permission of newspaper “Lietuvos Aidas” publication. Its
editor was A. Smetona. The newspaper facilitated the
preparatory work of the conference. On 18-22 September,
1917, the Lithuanian Conference with the participation of
222 people took place in Vilnius.
The Conference adopted a compromise decision on
establishing the independent democratic state of Lithuania
with ethnographic borders. Having established it, a
Constituent Seimas should be called, it should create and
promulgate the State Constitution, should define the
character of relations with other states. The Conference
also decided, that independent Lithuania might form close
contacts with Germany.
On 21 September, by secret voting the National Council
consisting of 20 people was elected. Later it was called the
Council of Lithuania, and from June, 1918 it was called
the Lithuanian National Council.
From 20 members of the Council 8 were lawyers: M.
Biržiška, K. Bizauskas, P. Dovydaitis, P. Klimas, S.
Narutavičius, A. Smetona, J. Šernas, J. Vileišis. On 24
September the National Council elected the Presidium with
chairman A. Smetona. The elected Council of Lithuania
88
started looking for the ways of restoration of the
Lithuanian statehood.
Lithuanian organizations in Russia, the USA, Switzerland,
Scandinavian countries aimed at drawing attention of the
public and governments of those countries to the
Lithuanian problem, hereby helping to restore the
Lithuanian statehood. On 11 December, 1917, the Council
of Lithuania signed the Declaration, which proclaimed the
restoration of the Independent State of Lithuania with its
capital Vilnius and cessation of its former state
relationship with other nations. Under this article, the
Council ceased state relationship with Russia and Poland.
However, the second article reflected the interests of
Germany, as long lasting and strong allied relationship
between the State of Lithuania and Germany were stressed.
Having proclaimed the Act of Independence on 11
December, 1917, the situation in Lithuania did not change.
The country was continued to be devastated, nobody spoke
about the independence. The signing of this Act made
Lithuanians indignant, as they did not know all the
nuances of the Council diplomacy. Then, the Council
resolved to make another statement which was discussed
upon for a long time, when at last a compromise variant
was adopted. On 16 February, 1918, all Council Members
gathered at 30 Didžioji Street, in Vilnius and signed a new
declaration, which proclaimed the restoration of the
independent State of Lithuania, based on democratic
principles and with its capital Vilnius. It was stated that
Lithuania should cease all former relations with other
nations. The fundamentals of the State of Lithuania and its
relations with other states will be defined by the
Constituent Seimas, which will be elected in a democratic
way by all people of Lithuania.
The Act of Independence of Lithuania was the beginning of
the statehood restoration. Great efforts were necessary in
89
order Lithuania to become an independent state. First of
all foreign states’ assistance was necessary. Although on 23
March, 1918, Kaiser of Germany acknowledged Lithuania,
it did not get any assistance from abroad.
In August, 1918, the Germans lost crushingly in the West
front, this fact had great impact on the Lithuanian
statehood. On 20 October, 1918, the Chancellor of
Germany informed the Presidium of the Lithuanian
Council, that German Government unconditionally
acknowledged the Independence of Lithuania and was
ready to transfer the ruling of the country to the
Lithuanians. In the autumn of 1918, Lithuania started the
real way of independence. Actually, the country was still
ruled by the occupational German institutions, but they
started to transfer their functions to the institutions
established by the National Council.
The Acts of 11 March, 1990, legally, historically and
politically based and consolidated the restoration of the
State of Lithuania nowadays. They were based on the idea
of state continuation. Lithuania, as mythological bird
Phoenix, renewed once again from its own ashes.
90
TURINYS
Pratarmė. 5
Lietuvos Nepriklausomybės Akto genezė ir
konstitucinė reikšmė. 8
Kelias į laisvę. Kovo 11-osios aktai. 27
Lietuvos Nepriklausomybės Akto signatarai
teisininkai.35
Lietuvos valstybingumo atkūrimas ir tapsmas. 68
Summary.87
91 |
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| title | Lietuvos Nepriklausomybės Akto signatarai teisininkai |
| title_auth | Lietuvos Nepriklausomybės Akto signatarai teisininkai |
| title_exact_search | Lietuvos Nepriklausomybės Akto signatarai teisininkai |
| title_full | Lietuvos Nepriklausomybės Akto signatarai teisininkai Antanas Šenavičius |
| title_fullStr | Lietuvos Nepriklausomybės Akto signatarai teisininkai Antanas Šenavičius |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lietuvos Nepriklausomybės Akto signatarai teisininkai Antanas Šenavičius |
| title_short | Lietuvos Nepriklausomybės Akto signatarai teisininkai |
| title_sort | lietuvos nepriklausomybes akto signatarai teisininkai |
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